Foraging dispersion of Ryukyu flying-foxes and relationships with fig abundance in East-Asian subtropical island forests     

Ya-Fu Lee  Yen-Min Kuo  Hsin-Yi Chang  Chi-Feng Tsai  Shigeyuki Baba 《BMC ecology》2017,17(1):35

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Chitosan Inhibits Helicobacter pylori Growth and Urease Production and Prevents Its Infection of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells     

Shun-Hsien Chang  Pei-Ling Hsieh  Guo-Jane Tsai 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

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Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wen-Tzu Lin  Wen-Chieh Chou  Chao-Yuan Lin  Pi-Hui Huang  Jing-Shyan Tsai 《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,210(1-3):55-66

Massive landslides, caused by the catastrophic Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999, occurred at the Jou-Jou Mountain area in the Wu-Chi basin, Taiwan. Multi-temporal satellite images and digital elevation models coupled with GIS were used to process the vegetation index analysis for identifying landslide sites and calculating the vegetation recovery rate (VRR). Topographic information for these areas was extracted. Eight hundred twenty-nine hectares of landslide area was extracted from multi-date NDVI images by combining the image differencing method with the change detection threshold. Over 2 years of monitoring and assessing, the vegetation recovery rate reached 58.93% original vegetation regeneration in the landslide areas. Soil moisture is one of the most important environmental factors for vegetation recovery in the landslide sites. The analyzed results provide very useful information for decision making and policy planning in the landslide area.  相似文献   

Compressive strength of young Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) trees grown with different thinning and pruning treatments     

Cheng-Jung Lin  Song-Yung Wang  Te-Hsin Yang  Ming-Jer Tsai 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(4):337-341

Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay) is an important timber species in Taiwan. Growth in generally improved trees under intense silvicultural practice is so rapid that rotations or the practice of thinning trees may be as short as 20–30 years. Thus, the wood properties of young plantation trees need to be characterized to effectively use this resource. The effects of different thinning and pruning methods on the compressive strength parallel to grain of young Taiwania trees were explored. Average compressive strengths with various thinning treatments revealed the trend of no thinning > medium thinning > heavy thinning and in the pruning treatments showed the trend of medium pruning > no pruning > heavy pruning. However, most results showed no statistically significant differences among thinning and pruning treatments.  相似文献   

Nondestructive evaluation techniques for assessing dynamic modulus of elasticity of moso bamboo (Phyllosachys edulis) lamina     

Cheng-Jung Lin  Ming-Jer Tsai  Song-Yung Wang 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(4):342-347

Bamboo, an extensively used material in Asia, is becoming an increasingly available structural (e.g., flooring and furniture) material in Taiwan. The bending strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of moso bamboo (Phyllosachys edulis) laminae were investigated using ultrasonic-wave and drilling resistance techniques. The strength quality of bamboo was reduced after steaming treatment and was significantly affected by node characteristics. The transverse variations of the mean drilling resistance value (R) gradually increased outward from the bamboo cavity layer. There were very significant positive relationships among density (ju), the drilling resistance value (R), the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Eb), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the modulus of rupture (MOR), although the coefficients of determination were small. Combining ultrasonic-wave and drilling resistance techniques is efficient in estimating and establishing the dynamic modulus of elasticity (REb). Values of REb for moso bamboo increased with increasing ju, R, Eb, MOE, and MOR, and the relationships could each be represented by positive linear regression formulas.  相似文献   

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces porcine circovirus type 2 replication in swine alveolar macrophages   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Chang HW  Pang VF  Chen LJ  Chia MY  Tsai YC  Jeng CR 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,115(4):311-319

Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are major target cells of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). From tissues of field pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear PCV2 signals, including antigens and nucleic acid, were easily detected in the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. However, there was a high incidence of intracytoplasmic PCV2-positive signals, but lack of intranuclear signals and PCV2 replication in these cells in vitro. Concurrent infection with bacteria and activation of immune system are suggested to promote viral replication. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were used to stimulate PCV2-inoculated alveolar macrophages (AMs). A decrease in intracytoplasmic but increase in intranuclear PCV2-positive signals, including antigens and nucleic acid, were detected in LPS-treated PCV2-inoculated AMs, but not in PMA-treated cells. Additionally, the replication product corresponding to PCV2 spliced major capsid protein (Cap) mRNA and a significant elevation in PCV2 titer were demonstrated in the LPS-treated PCV2-inoculated AMs. The results imply that Gram-negative bacterial co-infection in PCV2-infected pigs may be an important factor in promoting PCV2 replication and contributing, at least partially, to the full development of PMWS.  相似文献   

PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, chickens and dogs in northern Taiwan     

Tsai HJ  Huang HC  Tsai HL  Chang CC 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):815-819

Two hundred and twenty strains of Campylobacter jejuni (70 human, 51 canine and 99 chicken strains) were isolated from September 2003 to September 2004 in northern Taiwan. These strains were subtyped by PCR-RFLP analysis of the flagellin (FlaA) gene. On the basis of restrictive digest, six types were identified with AfaI, seven types with MboI and five types with HaeIII. With the combination of these three enzymes, 47 distinct PCR-RFLP patterns were observed-25 each from human and chicken isolates, and 9 from canine isolates. In human strains, the most frequently occurring types were Cj-28 (14.3%), Cj-17 (10%), Cj-16 (8.6%), Cj-37 (7.1%) and Cj-46 (7.1%). In canine strains, the most prevalent types were Cj-1 (33.3%), Cj-26 (19.6%), Cj-3 (15.7%), Cj-2 (9.8%) and Cj-10 (9.8%). In chicken strains, the most frequently occurring types were Cj-46 (40.4%), Cj-29 (9.1%), Cj-45 (7.1%) and Cj-41 (5.1%). The results suggest that poultry is a source, but not the sole source, of C. jejuni infection in humans. Two RFLP types, Cj-17 and Cj-37, frequently occurring in human isolates in this study have also been found to be prevalent in human isolates in Japan, China and the Czech Republic, indicating a possible international clonal spread.  相似文献   

Mast cells can enhance resistance to snake and honeybee venoms     

Metz M  Piliponsky AM  Chen CC  Lammel V  Abrink M  Pejler G  Tsai M  Galli SJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5786):526-530

Snake or honeybee envenomation can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and it has been proposed that the activation of mast cells by snake or insect venoms can contribute to these effects. We show, in contrast, that mast cells can significantly reduce snake-venom-induced pathology in mice, at least in part by releasing carboxypeptidase A and possibly other proteases, which can degrade venom components. Mast cells also significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality induced by honeybee venom. These findings identify a new biological function for mast cells in enhancing resistance to the morbidity and mortality induced by animal venoms.  相似文献   

Garlic allyl sulfides display differential modulation of rat cytochrome P450 2B1 and the placental form glutathione S-transferase in various organs     

Lii CK  Tsai CW  Wu CC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(14):5191-5196

To investigate whether the regulation of garlic allyl sulfides on biotransformation enzyme expression is tissue-specific, the expression of cytochrome P450 2B1 (CYP 2B1) and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (PGST) in liver, lung, and intestine, which are the three major organs responsible for drug metabolism, was examined. Rats were orally administrated 0.5 or 2 mmol/kg BW diallyl sulfide (DAS) or 0.5 mmol/kg BW diallyl disulfide (DADS) or diallyl trisulfide (DATS) three times per week for 6 weeks. The final body weights and the body weight ratio of liver and lung were not changed by any of these three allyl sulfide treatments as compared to the control rats. An 11- and 12-fold increase of 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activities was noted in rats treated with 0.5 or 2 mmol/mg BW DAS, respectively, as compared with the controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, DADS and DATS significantly increased hepatic PGST activity toward ethacrynic acid by 30 and 40%, respectively, as compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). An increase in PGST activity was only noted at 2 mmol/kg BW DAS group (P < 0.05). In addition, similar increases in PGST activity due to DADS and DATS were also noted in lung and jejunum tissue (P < 0.05). Immunoblot assay shows that the changes in CYP 2B1 and PGST proteins due to the three garlic allyl sulfide treatments on liver, lung, and jejunum were consistent with those observed for PROD and PGST activities. Northern blot further revealed that the DADS and DATS increased PGST mRNA levels in both liver (2.9- and 3.0-fold, respectively) and lung (4.1- and 2.6-fold, respectively) and DAS dose-dependently increased CYP 2B1 mRNA levels in the liver. Garlic allyl sulfides differentially induced CYP 2B1 and PGST expression, and this up-regulation of these two biotransformation enzymes is tissue-specific.  相似文献   

Combination CCNU and vinblastine chemotherapy for canine mast cell tumours: 57 cases     

Maureen Cooper  XinRu Tsai  Peter Bennett 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2009,7(3):196-206

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a CCNU and vinblastine chemotherapy protocol for canine mast cell tumours. Fifty-seven tumours in 56 dogs were evaluated, 37 had macroscopic disease and 20 had microscopic disease. A 57% response rate was seen in dogs with macroscopic disease for a median duration of 52 weeks. Dogs with macroscopic disease had a median progression free survival time (PFST) of 30 weeks and a median overall survival time (OST) of 35 weeks. Dogs with microscopic disease had a median PFST of 35 weeks and a median OST of 48 weeks. Toxicity was recorded in 54% of the dogs treated, with the majority of events being mild. This chemotherapy protocol appears to be well tolerated and should be considered for canine mast cell tumours.  相似文献