Viral-derived DNA invasion and individual variation in an Indonesian population of large flying fox Pteropus vampyrus     

Atsuo IIDA  Hitoshi TAKEMAE  Ronald TARIGAN  Ryosuke KOBAYASHI  Hirokazu KATO  Hiroshi SHIMODA  Tsutomu OMATSU  Supratikno  Chaerul BASRI  Ni Luh Putu Ika MAYASARI  Srihadi AGUNGPRIYONO  Ken MAEDA  Tetsuya MIZUTANI  Eiichi HONDO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1068

Here, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on six large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) collected in Indonesia. Seventy-five virus species in the liver tissue of each specimen were listed. Viral homologous sequences in the bat genome were identified from the listed viruses. This finding provides collateral evidence of viral endogenization into the host genome. We found that two of the six specimens bore partial sequences that were homologous to the plant pathogens Geminiviridae and Luteoviridae. These sequences were absent in the P. vampyrus chromosomal sequences. Hence, plant viral homologous sequences were localized to the hepatocytes as extrachromosomal DNA fragments. Therefore, this suggests that the bat is a potential carrier or vector of plant viruses. The present investigation on wild animals offered novel perspectives on viral invasion, variation, and host interaction.  相似文献   

Ecological studies on subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Okinawa, Japan: Litter production and nutrient input   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Xiaoniu Xu  Yoshihiro Tokashiki  Eiji Hirata  Tsutomu Enoki  Kangoro Nogami 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(3):151-156

Patterns of litterfall and nutrient input in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Okinawa, Japan, were studied during May, 1996–April, 1999. The mean annual rate of litterfall in the five sampling plots ranged from 6.84 to 8.93 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, of which 63.3–68.5% were leaves; 22.4–29.1% woody parts (including branches < 5.0 cm in diameter and bark); 2.8–5.0% sexual organs and 4.6–6.3% miscellaneous material. Significant differences were found among plots and among years. Significantly monthly differences pronounced seasonal patterns in litterfall were observed. Total litterfall and leaf litter showed negative correlations with relative basal area of the dominant species,Castanopsis sieboldii; and showed positive correlations with mean height of the stands. The dominant species,C. sieboldii produced an average of 2.36 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of leaf litter, which covered 30.5% of the annual litter production, and the nutrient input from those litterfall contributed 32.3, 28.3, 30.2, 22.2, 32.5, and 30.5% of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na, respectively. Nutrient use efficiency in litter production was high, especially for P and K compared with other broad-leaved forests in Japan indicating that P and K may be limiting in Okinawan evergreen broad-leaved forest.  相似文献   

Development of a technique to estimate the horizontal distribution of lit fishing vessels in the East China Sea using satellite luminescence     

Saito  Rui  Sasaki  Hiroaki  Yamada  Haruya  Hiroe  Yutaka  Inagake  Denzo  Saito  Tsutomu 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(1):13-25

Fisheries Science - The East China Sea is a semi-enclosed sea, surrounded by Japan, China, South Korea and Taiwan, and is continuously influenced by lit fishing vessels overexploiting fishery...  相似文献   

Seasonal distribution of adult crucian carp nigorobuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus grandoculis</Emphasis> and gengoroubuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius cuvieri</Emphasis> in Lake Biwa,Japan     

Yoshio Kunimune  Yasushi Mitsunaga  Kazuyoshi Komeyama  Masanari Matsuda  Toru Kobayashi  Tsutomu Takagi  Takeshi Yamane 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):521-532

Seasonal habitat use by nigorobuna Carassius auratus grandoculis Temminck et Schlegel and gengoroubuna Carassius cuvieri (Temminck et Schlegel) in Lake Biwa was investigated using acoustic telemetry. Twenty-three nigorobuna and 11 gengoroubuna specimens caught using set-nets in the lake’s south basin were surgically fitted with acoustic transmitters and then released. Signals from the fishes were recorded by 23 receivers installed around the lake. Between April and June 2007, the first spawning season after release, signals were received from all tagged fishes. Thereafter, until the second spawning season, signals were collected from 26 and 45% of released nigorobuna and gengoroubuna individuals, respectively. Seasonal habitat preferences for these species were studied by distance-based analysis. The analysis revealed that nigorobuna tended to stay near their spawning area in the south basin of the lake throughout the year, whilst gengoroubuna tended to show a seasonal migration pattern between the north and south basins. After the spawning season, the latter species migrated to the north basin where it remained until the next spawning season, when it returned to the south basin. This is the first report of seasonal migration of nigorobuna and gengoroubuna in Lake Biwa.  相似文献   

Body-length frequency and spatial segregation of the North Pacific spiny dogfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Squalus suckleyi</Emphasis> in Tsugaru Strait,northern Japan     

Toshikazu Yano  Tsutomu Hattori  Tsuneshiro Tamukai  Seiji Ohshimo 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(6):917-928

The present study elucidated the length structure and habitat segregation of North Pacific spiny dogfish (SPD) Squalus suckleyi in the Tsugaru Strait of northern Japan. Length–frequency distributions using kernel density estimation were determined for SPD captured by the bottom longline fishery landed at Minmaya from 1999 to 2011 and at Ohma from 2007 to 2011. Length–frequency distributions significantly differed between landings at the two ports; SPD at Minmaya were on average larger (65–85 cm precaudal length: PCL) than at Ohma (55–75 cm PCL). This difference is evidence of the length-based spatial segregation of the SPD. The seasonal landing pattern of the SPD was also different between the two ports. The SPD landed at Minmaya were largest during February–June and SPD < 75 cm PCL were caught at Ohma throughout the year. This different landing pattern was related to seasonal differences in bottom-layer water temperatures between the two fishing grounds. Females were thought to be dominant at Minmaya, whereas males dominated in most of the catches at Ohma. These results suggest spatial patterns of sexual segregation for this species in the Tsugaru Strait and require elucidation of the SPD stock condition at Minmaya and Ohma.  相似文献   

Role of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-cd in rice (Oryza sativa) breeding programmes     

Kenji Fujino  Mari Obara  Hitoshi Kiuchi  Hiroshi Shinada  Tsutomu Nishimura  Toshihiko Maekawa  Yuji Hirayama 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):845-852

A series of DNA markers for various agronomic traits may accelerate the success of marker-assisted selection in practical plant breeding programmes. Here, we developed DNA markers for the blast resistance gene Pi-cd. In this study, we examined the effects of the Pi-cd locus on not only blast resistance but also agronomic traits in agriculture. We developed three pyramiding lines (PLs) coupling Pi-cd with three blast resistance genes, pi21, Pi35 and Pi39. The effect of Pi-cd on blast resistance was dependent on the coupled resistance genes. Then, we evaluated the effects of Pi-cd on 13 agronomic traits. Amylose content and 1,000-grain weight showed significant differences between the PLs and current commercial varieties, which had no negative effects on agronomic trait values. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of genotype for the Pi-cd locus among varieties of upland rice. The KT genotype specific to rice blast resistance may be predominant in the varieties. The results suggested that Pi-cd has the potential to be useful for improving blast resistance in rice breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Feeding habits of mesopelagic fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lampanyctus jordani</Emphasis> (Family: Myctophidae) over the continental slope off Tohoku area,northern Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kazuhisa Uchikawa  Orio Yamamura  Tsutomu Hattori 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):69-76

ABSTRACT:   The feeding habits of Lampanyctus jordani , an abundant mesopelagic fish in the subarctic North Pacific, was examined based on the stomach contents of 721 specimens collected over the continental slope off the Tohoku area, Pacific coast of northern Japan during April and October from 1996 to 1998. The prey items comprised mainly crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, euphausiids and decapods. Euphausiids were the most important items in the diet both during April and October. During April, when the annual maximum of zooplankton biomass occurred and the Oyashio Intrusion Current prevailed, L. jordani fed intensively and consumed a high proportion of Euphausia pacifica . These seasonal variations also influenced the feeding intensity and dietary diversity. Feeding intensity, measured by the stomach contents index, was higher during April than October, reflecting the higher biomass of zooplankton in the Tohoku area during spring. The dietary diversity of L. jordani was lower during April than October, indicating that L. jordani shifted to a wider variety of prey when the availability of E. pacifica was limited.  相似文献