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431.
The requirement for monoclonal antibodies derived from species other than rats and mice is becoming increasingly realised in veterinary, as well as human, medicine. This paper reviews current knowledge of the production of inter-species hybridomas (heterohybridomas) by the fusion of rodent myeloma cell lines with lymphocytes from species of veterinary importance. To date a number of monoclonal immunoglobulins derived from sheep, cattle, pig, rabbit, mink and primate species have been produced to a variety of different bacterial, viral and nematode pathogens as well as to blood group and MHC determinants and to hormones. The technique opens up a number of possibilities for the future; some of these applications are discussed in relation to the antibodies produced thus far.  相似文献   
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Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus in Africa are characterized by distinct spatial and temporal patterns that are directly related to specific environmental parameters associated with mosquito vectors that function in the maintenance (endemic) and transmission (epizootic) cycles of the virus. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites with limited resolution (1 km) can indirectly measure rainfall inexpensively over subcontinental or continental areas at a high temporal frequency, and identify regions with a high potential for viral activity. Within regions of likely viral activity, mosquito vector-breeding habitats (dambos) are identified and mapped with archived, high-quality, cloud-free, higher resolution data from LANDSAT (thematic mapper resolution 30 m) and SPOT (multispectral resolution 20 m) satellites. Active sensors, like airborne synthetic aperture radar systems (range resolution 1.6 m), are capable of detecting flooded habitats, even through cloud cover. By identifying flooded habitats within regions with a high likelihood of RVF activity, the potential source foci of an outbreak may be detected close to real-time and control efforts implemented prior to the start of a RVF epidemic/epizootic.  相似文献   
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Expansion and contraction of the sahara desert from 1980 to 1990   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Data from polar-orbiting meteorological satellites have been used to determine the extent of the Sahara Desert and to document its interannual variation from 1980 to 1990. The Sahara Desert ranged from 8,633,000 square kilometers in 1980 to 9,982,000 square kilometers in 1984. The greatest annual north-south latitudinal movement of the southern Saharan boundary was 110 kilometers from 1984 to 1985 and resulted in a decrease in desert area of 724,000 square kilometers.  相似文献   
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A self-contained, hand-held radiometer designed for field use has been constructed and tested. The 4.5-kilogram device, consisting of a strap-supported electronics module and a hand-held probe containing three sensors, is powered by flashlight and transistor radio batteries, uses two silicon and one lead sulfide detector, has three liquid-crystal displays, features sample-and-hold radiometric sampling, and is spectrally configured to Landsat-D's thematic mapper bands TM3 (0.63 to 0.69 micrometer), TM4 (0.76 to 0.90 micrometer), and TM5 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers). The device was designed to collect ground-truth data for the thematic mapper and to facilitate ground-based, remote-sensing studies of natural materials in situ. Prototype instruments were extensively tested under laboratory and field conditions, with satisfactory results.  相似文献   
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A novel Pasteurella-like organism was recovered postmortem from lung tissue of two captive Wahlberg's epauleted fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi), with severe, unilateral pneumonia. The bats had been recently shipped and died shortly after release from a 30-day quarantine. One presented with clinical signs of anorexia and lethargy before death; the other died without prior clinical symptoms. The same Pasteurella-like organism was recovered antemortem from subcutaneous abscesses in two captive little golden mantled flying foxes (Pteropus pumilus) housed with additional E. wahlbergi. The organism was also cultured on tracheal wash from one Malaysian flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) and another E. wahlbergi, both demonstrating clinical signs of pneumonia. All recovered isolates appeared morphologically and biochemically similar to the initial isolates and were further characterized as either a Pasteurella or Actinobacillus organism on the basis of biochemical and cellular fatty acid profiles. Screening of the current collection using pharyngeal swabs isolated this organism from 12 of 15 E. wahlbergi, two of three P. vampyrus, one of 26 island flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus), and one of nine Rodrigues fruit bats (Pteropus rodricensis). The organism was not identified in pharyngeal culture from eight Indian flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus), nine Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegypticus), or an additional 16 P. pumilus.  相似文献   
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