Effects of maternally-derived antibodies on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens     

Digangi BA  Levy JK  Griffin B  Reese MJ  Dingman PA  Tucker SJ  Dubovi EJ 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(2):118-123

The optimal vaccination protocol to induce immunity in kittens with maternal antibodies is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternally-derived antibody (MDA) on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. Vaccination with a modified live virus (MLV) product was more effective than an inactivated (IA) product at inducing protective antibody titers (PAT) against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). IA vaccination against feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) was more effective in the presence of low MDA than high MDA. Among kittens with low MDA, MLV vaccination against FCV was more effective than IA vaccination. A total of 15%, 44% and 4% of kittens had insufficient titers against FPV, FHV and FCV, respectively, at 17 weeks of age. Serologic response to vaccination of kittens varies based on vaccination type and MDA level. In most situations, MLV vaccination should be utilized and protocols continued beyond 14 weeks of age to optimize response by all kittens.  相似文献   

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide induces secretion of growth hormone in cattle.     

R P Radcliff  K J Lookingland  L T Chapin  H A Tucker 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2001,21(3):187-196

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that stimulates release of growth hormone (GH) from cultured bovine anterior pituitary gland cells, but the role of PACAP on the regulation of in vivo secretion of GH in cattle is not known. To test the hypothesis that PACAP induces secretion of GH in cattle, meal-fed Holstein steers were injected with incremental doses of PACAP (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 microg/kg BW) before feeding and concentrations of GH in serum were quantified. Compared with saline, injection of 3 and 10 microg PACAP/kg BW increased peak concentrations of GH in serum from 11.2 ng/ml to 23.7 and 21.8 ng/ml, respectively (P < 0.01). Peak concentrations of GH in serum were similar in steers injected with 3 or 10 microg PACAP/kg BW. Meal-fed Holstein steers were then injected with 3 microg/PACAP/kg BW either 1 hr before feeding or 1 hr after feeding to determine if PACAP-induced secretion of GH was suppressed after feeding. Feeding suppressed basal concentrations of GH in serum. Injection of PACAP before feeding induced greater peak concentrations of GH in serum (19.2 +/- 2.6 vs. 11.7 +/- 2.6 ng/ml) and area under the response curve (391 +/- 47 vs. 255 +/- 52 ng. ml(-1) min) than injection of PACAP after feeding, suggesting somatotropes become refractory to PACAP after feeding similar to that observed by us and others with growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). We concluded that PACAP induces secretion of GH and could play a role in regulating endogenous secretion of GH in cattle, perhaps in concert with GHRH.  相似文献   

The effect of body condition on propofol requirement in dogs     

Sarah Boveri  Jacqueline C Brearley  Alexandra HA Dugdale 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(5):449-454

ObjectiveTo determine if body condition score (BCS) influences the sedative effect of intramuscular (IM) premedication or the dose of intravenous (IV) propofol required to achieve endotracheal intubation in dogs.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsForty–six client–owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.MethodsDogs were allocated to groups according to their BCS (BCS, 1 [emaciated] to 9 [obese]): Normal–weight Group (NG, n = 25) if BCS 4–5 or Over–weight Group (OG, n = 21) if BCS over 6. Dogs were scored for sedation prior to IM injection of medetomidine (5 μg kg^?1) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg^?1) and twenty minutes later anaesthesia was induced by a slow infusion of propofol at 1.5 mg kg^?1 minute^?1 until endotracheal intubation could be achieved. The total dose of propofol administered was recorded. Data were tested for normality then analyzed using Student t–tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, chi–square tests or linear regression as appropriate.ResultsMean ( ± SD) propofol requirement in NG was 2.24 ± 0.53 mg kg^?1 and in OG was 1.83 ± 0.36 mg kg^?1. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.005). The degree of sedation was not different between the groups (p = 0.7). Post–induction apnoea occurred in 11 of 25 animals in the NG and three of 21 in OG (p = 0.052).ConclusionsOverweight dogs required a lower IV propofol dose per kg of total body mass to allow tracheal intubation than did normal body condition score animals suggesting that IV anaesthetic doses should be calculated according to lean body mass. The lower dose per kg of total body mass may have resulted in less post–induction apnoea in overweight/obese dogs. The effect of IM premedication was not significantly affected by the BCS.Clinical relevanceInduction of general anaesthesia with propofol in overweight dogs may be expected at lower doses than normal–weight animals.  相似文献   

内蒙古阿拉善左旗红砂荒漠土壤盐分离子含量与其含水量相关关系研究     

常国军  刘瑞香  哈琴  李园园  朱琳 《畜牧与饲料科学》2013,34(5):38-42

对内蒙古阿拉善左旗红砂荒漠土壤盐分离子含量和土壤含水量的分布规律进行了研究,并对两者之间做了相关和回归分析。结果表明,阿拉善左旗红砂荒漠土壤中盐分离子的含量,阳离子以Na+为主,阴离子以SO42-为主。在垂直分布上,Mg2+、Na+、Cl-和SO42-含量随着土层深度的增加而增加,而K+、CO32-和HCO3-含量随着土层深度的增加而减少。阿拉善左旗3个地区(乌力吉、长流水和孪井滩)的土壤含水量介于1.39%～8.01%之间,平均含水量为5.02%。3个地区中,红砂荒漠土壤所含盐分离子中的Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-均与其土壤含水量之间存在明显的线性关系。  相似文献   

猪流感病毒分离株的特性及致病性     

哈卓  张鹏超  李倩  师小潇  饶柏忠  刘永杰  刘惠莉 《中国兽医学报》2013,33(2):217-221

为了解猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)分离株A/Sw/SH/1/2007(H1N2)的特性,对毒株的抗原位点、受体位点、潜在糖基化位点进行比较分析,并进行雏鸡、小鼠致病性试验.结果表明,A/Sw/SH/1/2007与北美经典株A/Sw/Tennes/1455/1977(H1N1) HA抗原位点最接近,HA1蛋白4个抗原位点中只有Ca位点有2个氨基酸改变,发生抗原变异,Sa、Cb抗原位点均只有1个氨基酸发生改变,不影响其抗原性;受体位点高度保守,只有183位发生改变;A/Sw/SH 1/2007有6个潜在的糖基化位点,在276位丢失了1个潜在的糖基化位点,但同时在274位出现了1个新的糖基化位点.NA蛋白抗原位点序列与广西分离株A/Sw Guangxi/13/2006(H1N2)同源性最高,除401位氨基酸发生G→R改变外,其余抗原位点均保守.耐药性分析显示,该病毒对金刚烷胺、扎那米韦药物均敏感.致病性试验结果表明,A/Sw/SH/1/2007对雏鸡无致病性,ICPI为0;肌注小鼠2周内死亡100％,滴鼻小鼠死亡80％,存活小鼠血凝效价为27,而与经典H1N1亚型SIV毒株只有较低的交叉凝集,HI为2 3.4～3.6.  相似文献   

Relationship between body condition score and ultrasound measurement of backfat thickness in multiparous Holstein dairy cows at different production phases     

HA Hussein  A Westphal  R Staufenbiel 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(5):185-189

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Culture results from milk samples submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories from August 2003 to December 2006 in New Zealand     

KR Petrovski  NB Williamson  N Lopez-Villalobos  TJ Parkinson  IG Tucker 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):317-322

Abstract

AIMS: To determine the pattern of isolation of major mastitis-causing organisms isolated from milk samples submitted to five veterinary diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand.

METHODS: The culture results of 25,288 milk samples that were collected from dairy cows throughout New Zealand from August 2003 to December 2006 and submitted to a group of veterinary diagnostic laboratories were assembled, reviewed and summarised. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effect of year, region (i.e. North vs South Island), and season on the probability of isolating the two most common organisms.

RESULTS: The most commonly isolated mastitis causing organisms from all samples were: Streptococcus uberis (23.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS; 7.2%), Strep. dysgalactiae (6.2%), Bacillus spp. (4.0%), and coliforms (3.7%). The percentage of samples with isolates of Strep. uberis or Staph. aureus was affected by island, year and season (p<0.001). For most of the year, except in late winter and early spring when Strep. uberis was much more common, the percentage of isolates of Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus were not apparently different despite the former being an environmental pathogen and the other a contagious one.

CONCLUSION: The pattern of isolation of major mastitis-causing organisms, as determined from culture of milk samples submitted to diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand, has changed significantly over the last 40 years, with a substantial increase in the percentage of isolates that are Strep. uberis and a decrease in isolates of Strep. agalactiae. There is a clear seasonal pattern to the isolation of both Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus, particularly the former.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of the aetiological agents causing bovine mastitis on a farm is of value in determining the choice of treatment. This dataset shows that, although there is seasonal pattern to the isolation of mastitis-causing organisms in New Zealand, both Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus are isolated throughout the year, so bacteriology is of value in determining aetiology even in late winter/early spring.  相似文献   

Unsuccessful Cyclosporine plus Prednisolone Therapy for Autoimmune Meningoencephalitis in Three Dogs     

Dong-In JUNG  Hee-Chun LEE  Jeongim HA  Hae-Won JUNG  Joon-Hyeok JEON  Jong-Hyun MOON  Jae-Hoon LEE  Na-Hyun KIM  Jung-Hyang SUR  Byeong-Teck KANG  Kyu-Woan CHO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(12):1661-1665

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Acid–Base Parameters and Steroid Concentrations in Pre‐Ovulatory Follicles and Plasma of Lactating Dairy Cows with Spontaneous and Synchronized Oestrus or Follicular Cyst     

HA Hussein  Z Boryczko  H Bostedt 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(5):833-839

The study aimed to compare the acid–base balance and steroid concentrations between follicular fluids (FF) of pre‐ovulatory follicles derived from a spontaneous oestrus (SO), synchronized or induced oestrus (IO) and follicular cysts (CYS) and between FF and blood in dairy cows. Forty‐two dairy cows were included in this study. The animals were allocated to three groups: SO (n = 23); IO (n = 11) using GnRH at day 0 and day 9 and PGF₂α at day 7; and animals with CYS (n = 10). The follicular fluids (FF) were aspirated from the cyst/pre‐ovulatory follicles (? ≥ 15 mm) after SO and after second GnRH dose in IO by transvaginal ultrasound‐guided ovum pick‐up technique. Blood samples (BL) were collected in heparinized vacutainer tubes. The oxygen tension (pO2) in FF of IO was higher (p < 0.05) than in SO and CYS groups. There were negative correlations (p < 0.001, r = ?0.89) between FF and blood pO2. The carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) and lactate level in FF of CYS group were higher (p < 0.05) than in SO and IO groups. There were negative correlations (p < 0.01, r = ?0.73) between blood and FF pO2. Oestradiol‐17β concentration in pre‐ovulatory follicles and plasma of the SO group was higher (p < 0.001) than in IO and CYS groups. Progesterone concentration in pre‐ovulatory follicles and plasma of the SO and IO groups was lower (p < 0.01) than in CYS group. Plasma androstenedione concentration in SO and IO groups was higher (p < 0.05) than in CYS group. In conclusion, acid–base parameters, E2 and P4 levels in the follicular fluid of both IO and CYS groups were deviated greatly from the physiological level (disturbances of intrafollicular/intracystic environment), which may affect the quality of both the oocyte and the granulosa cells.  相似文献   

The diagnosis,characterisation and treatment of a mixed C cell microfollicular thyroid carcinoma in a horse     

R. L. Tucker  J. Fidel 《Equine Veterinary Education》2013,25(3):126-128

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