Importance and genetic diversity of vegetable-infecting tospoviruses in India     

Kunkalikar SR  Poojari S  Arun BM  Rajagopalan PA  Chen TC  Yeh SD  Naidu RA  Zehr UB  Ravi KS 《Phytopathology》2011,101(3):367-376

A survey for Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV), Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) was conducted between 2002 and 2009 in the major vegetable-growing areas in India. PBNV was documented widely in tomato and chili peppers in 14 states representing southern, north-western, north-eastern, and central regions and WBNV was predominantly detected in watermelons and cucurbits in all except north-eastern regions. In addition, the expanded host range of PBNV to watermelons and other cucurbits and WBNV to tomato and chili peppers was observed leading to natural mixed infection of the two viruses. IYSV was found in onion in southern, central, and north-eastern regions and CaCV in tomato and chili peppers in northern and southern regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleocapsid gene revealed segregation of field isolates of PBNV and WBNV into two distinct subclades, whereas isolates of CaCV and IYSV each clustered into a single clade. A proposal for establishing WBNV as a distinct tospovirus species is made based on the molecular characterization of small- (S) and medium- (M) RNA segments.  相似文献   

Growth suppression of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by berberine via modulation of the HER2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway     

Kuo HP  Chuang TC  Yeh MH  Hsu SC  Way TD  Chen PY  Wang SS  Chang YH  Kao MC  Liu JY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(15):8216-8224

Berberine (BBR) is a natural alkaloid with significant antitumor activities against many types of cancer cells. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which BBR suppresses the growth of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. The results show that BBR induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest by interfering with the expression of cyclins D1 and E and that it induces cellular apoptosis through the induction of a mitochondria/caspase pathway. The data also indicate that BBR inhibits cellular growth and promotes apoptosis by down-regulating the HER2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, it is also shown that a combination of taxol and BBR significantly slows the growth rate of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that BBR could be a useful adjuvant therapeutic agent in the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.  相似文献   

Plasma glucose lowering mechanisms of catalpol, an active principle from roots of Rehmannia glutinosa, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats     

Shieh JP  Cheng KC  Chung HH  Kerh YF  Yeh CH  Cheng JT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3747-3753

Catalpol is one of the active principles from roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Steud (Scrophulariaceae) that is widely used to treat diabetic disorders in Chinese traditional medicine using the name of Di-Huang, which is used to investigate the mechanisms for lowering of plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats). Catalpol decreased plasma glucose in a dose-related manner, and this action was reduced by pretreatment with naloxone or naloxonazine. An increase of plasma β-endorphin by catalpol was also observed in parallel. The plasma glucose lowering action of catalpol was deleted in bilateral adrenalectomized rats. Moreover, catalpol enhanced β-endorphin release from the isolated adrenal medulla of STZ-diabetic rats. Otherwise, plasma glucose lowering action of catalpol failed to produce in opioid μ-receptor knockout mice. Also, repeated administration of catalpol for 3 days in STZ-diabetic rats resulted in a marked reduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression in liver and an increased expression of glucose transporter subtype 4 (GLUT 4) in skeletal muscle. These effects were also reversed by blockade of opioid μ-receptors. Our results suggested that catalpol increased glucose utilization through increase of β-endorphin secretion from adrenal gland in STZ-diabetic rats.  相似文献   

Algal Growth Control Within Natural Water Purification Systems: Macrophyte Light Shading Effects     

T. Y. Yeh  T. Y. Ke  Y. L. Lin 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):575-586

Natural water purification systems including oxidation ponds and surface flow wetlands are commonly used to treat wastewater in tropic regions, however, the water quality of the effluent fluctuated and often failed to comply with regulatory water criteria due to algae bloom. Separation of algae is inevitable to produce high effluent quality and to comply with local effluent standards. Algal growth control measures including emergent and floating macrophytes as well as back cloth physical light shading and algaecide application were studied and were aimed to reuse the effluent for water resource conservation and groundwater recharge. The results demonstrated that emergent and free-floating macrophytes light shading on algal growth control were viable in both batch experiments and field-scale hybrid natural water purification systems such as surface flow wetlands. Water quality parameters including COD, turbidity, SS were positively correlated with the algal concentrations and could be used as indictors of the trophic status of aquatic systems. Emergent macrophytes assisted control algal growth by preventing sunlight from reaching the water column in surface flow wetlands. Results of this study can be used by similar hybrid natural water purification systems to control algal activity and to prevent effluent deterioration.  相似文献   

Kinetics of energy flow in the phycobilisome core     

Glazer AN  Chan C  Williams RC  Yeh SW  Clark JH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,230(4729):1051-1053

Light energy absorbed by the 576 bilin chromophores in the six rods of the phycobilisome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6701 is funneled into a 1.5 x 10(6) dalton core. The 72 bilins of the core function as a single unit with respect to the rate-limiting processes for energy flow within these particles.  相似文献   

NMDA receptor-mediated K+ efflux and neuronal apoptosis     

Yu SP  Yeh C  Strasser U  Tian M  Choi DW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,284(5412):336-339

Neuronal death induced by activating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been linked to Ca2+ and Na+ influx through associated channels. Whole-cell recording from cultured mouse cortical neurons revealed a NMDA-evoked outward current, INMDA-K, carried by K+ efflux at membrane potentials positive to -86 millivolts. Cortical neurons exposed to NMDA in medium containing reduced Na+ and Ca2+ (as found in ischemic brain tissue) lost substantial intracellular K+ and underwent apoptosis. Both K+ loss and apoptosis were attenuated by increasing extracellular K+, even when voltage-gated Ca2+ channels were blocked. Thus NMDA receptor-mediated K+ efflux may contribute to neuronal apoptosis after brain ischemia.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated in Taiwan.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chao Fu Chang  Tung Mao Yeh  Chin Cheng Chou  Yung Fu Chang  Tai Sheng Chiang 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,84(1-2):169-177

Sixty Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) strains from pigs in Taiwan were examined. Serotyping revealed that these belonged to serovars 1 (n=53), 2 (n=3), and 5 (n=4). Agar disk diffusion susceptibility testing of the isolates showed 55 (92%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Six resistance patterns were observed. Ampicillin-chloramphenicol-flumequine-nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulfonamide/trimethoprim-tetracycline was the most common multi-resistance pattern. Minimal inhibitory concentration of 14 antimicrobial agents was determined. The isolates were highly susceptible to ceftiofur and trimethoprim in vitro. Isolates were resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid. All isolates were examined for the presence of plasmids using the alkaline lysis method. Forty three (72%) isolates had four plasmid bands with an approximate sizes of 3.5, 4.3, 5.8 and 6.0 kb; 12 (20%) had three bands at 3.5, 4.3 and 5.2 kb, and 5 (8%) had no plasmid bands. Antimicrobial resistance plasmids were detected in resistant strains of App. Three antimicrobial resistance plasmids were transformed into E. coli DH5 alpha. pTMY1 (4.3 kb) encoded a streptomycin kinase and a dihydropteroate synthase; pTMY2 (6.0 kb) encoded ROB-1 beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase; pTMY3 (5.2 kb) encoded only ROB-1 beta-lactamase. The 4.3 kb plasmid was sequenced and consisted of 4242 bp with 42.9% GC content. The 4.3 kb plasmid DNA sequence was 98% homologous to a plasmid previously isolated from Pasteurella haemolytica.  相似文献   

The uptake of strontium and cesium by plants from soil with special reference to the unusual cesium uptake by lowland rice and its mechanism     

Kiyoshi Tensho  Ko-Ling Yeh  Shingo Mitsui 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):176-183

In the previous experiments using strontium-90 and cesium-134, the authors found some differences between lowland and upland rice with respect to their uptake from soil, particularly the unusual high absorption of cesium by lowland rice.  相似文献   

Indoor Spawning and Egg Development of the Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hsin-Sheng  Yeh David B.  Rouse 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(2):297-302

In 1991 and 1992, indoor hatchery experiments were conducted with red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus a large tropical crayfish from northern Australia. Six fiberglass tanks were stocked with 40–190 g mature red claw crayfish at 10/m² and a 1:2 male to female ratio. Water temperature was maintained at 28 ± 1 C. Photoperiod was provided by natural daylight in 1991 and controlled lighting in 1992.
With natural lighting, monthly spawning rates (% of females spawning/month) ranged from an average of 15% during months with less than 12 h of light per day to over 35% in months with more than 12 h of light per day. Peak spawning occurred from May to July, too late to obtain juveniles for spring stocking. During the second year, photoperiod was increased from 10L:14D in December to 14L:10D in February and maintained at this level until July. Red claw spawning increased with increasing day length. Peak spawning rates of 50% per month and higher occurred from March to May. Spawning rates decreased dramatically after May, even though photoperiod and temperature remained constant. Eggs per spawn increased with an increase in female size. Fecundity average 7.3 juveniles per gram of body weight for females from 40 to 190 g, regardless of size. Egg color was useful for predicting stage of development.  相似文献   

Light-induced structural and functional plasticity in Drosophila larval visual system     

Yuan Q  Xiang Y  Yan Z  Han C  Jan LY  Jan YN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6048):1458-1462

How to build and maintain a reliable yet flexible circuit is a fundamental question in neurobiology. The nervous system has the capacity for undergoing modifications to adapt to the changing environment while maintaining its stability through compensatory mechanisms, such as synaptic homeostasis. Here, we describe our findings in the Drosophila larval visual system, where the variation of sensory inputs induced substantial structural plasticity in dendritic arbors of the postsynaptic neuron and concomitant changes to its physiological output. Furthermore, our genetic analyses have identified the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and a previously uncharacterized cell surface molecule as critical components in regulating experience-dependent modification of the postsynaptic dendrite morphology in Drosophila.  相似文献