Stem and leaf rust resistance in wild relatives of wheat with D genome (Aegilops spp.)     

V. K. Vikas  M. Sivasamy  J. Kumar  P. Jayaprakash  Sundeep Kumar  R. Parimalan  Arun Kumar  Kalyani Srinivasan  J. Radhamani  Sherry Rachel Jacob  Mamata Yadav  Jyotisna Rani  I. S. Bisht  D. C. Bhandari  Sunil Archak  M. Dutta  R. K. Tyagi  K. C. Bansal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(4):861-874

Resistance to stem rust and leaf rust in five D genome species of wheat viz., 267 accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss., 39 of Ae. cylindrica Host, 17 of Ae. ventricosa Tausch, 4 of Ae. crassa Boiss. and 8 of Ae. juvenalis (Thell.) Eig were evaluated at adult plant stage. Two hundred and thirty nine (90 %) accessions of Ae. tauschii, 30 (77 %) of Ae. cylindrica, 16 (94 %) of Ae. ventricosa, 3 (75 %) of Ae. crassa Boiss. and 5 (62.5 %) of Ae. juvenalis were resistant to stem rust pathotypes prevalent in South India at Wellington under field condition. Invariably, all the accessions of the five species were resistant to leaf rust pathotypes. Quantitative measurement of disease using area under the disease progress curve revealed the slow progress of disease in the resistant accessions compared to susceptible check (Agra Local). Since all the five species have D genome, it could be concluded that the genes present in D genome might play a vital role in leaf rust resistance, but in case of stem rust resistance wide range of differential response was noticed. Among the species evaluated, Ae. tauschii was exploited to a larger extent, followed by Ae. ventricosa and Ae. cylindrica for leaf and stem rust resistance because of the homology of D genome with hexaploid bread wheat. While, Ae. crassa and Ae. juvenalis could not be utilized so far, possibly due to partial homology which makes the transfer of traits difficult. So, these species have considerable potential as a source of rust resistance and may enhance the existing gene pool of resistance to stem and leaf rusts.  相似文献   

Biochemical markers of environmental stress tolerance in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm of Central Himalayan Region     

Trivedi  A. K.  Verma  S. K.  Tyagi  R. K.  Hemantaranjan  A.  Singh  Achal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(7):2545-2563

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Availability of the germplasm of suitable crops for cultivation in environmental stress prone and resource poor terrains is crucial for food security in these...  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

PK Holyoake 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(3):164-164

  相似文献   

Determination of evapotranspiration for maize and berseem clover     

Narendra K. Tyagi  Dinesh K. Sharma  Surendra K. Luthra 《Irrigation Science》2003,21(4):173-181

Maize and berseem are among the most important crops in India and several other countries in the world. Irrigation is provided to these crops to get higher production; hence, determining the water requirements of these crops is important for irrigation planning. Improved water management of these crops requires accurate scheduling of irrigation, which in turn requires accurate measurement of crop evapotranspiration (ET_c). Thus, the first objective of this study was to measure daily, weekly and seasonal ET_c of maize and berseem directly from weighing type lysimeters. Experiments were conducted in a set of two electronic weighing-type lysimeters of 7.82 m³ to measure the hourly ET_c of maize and berseem from June 1996 to April 1998 at Karnal, India. The average daily ET_c of maize varied from <2.8 mm day^-1 in the early growing period to >4 mm day^-1 at development and reproductive stages. The peak daily ET_c of maize was 7.7 mm day^-1 and this occurred 9 weeks after sowing (WAS) at the silking stage of maize when leaf area index (LAI) was 5.5. The measured seasonal ET_c of maize was 354 mm. In the case of berseem, the average daily ET_c was 0.9 mm day^-1 at the initial stage, achieved a peak value of 6.9 mm day^-1 between 25 and 26 WAS during the fifth cut. The measured seasonal ET_c of berseem was 480 mm. Precise information on the crop coefficient, which is required for regional-scale irrigation planning, is lacking for semi-arid climates such as those found in north India. Therefore, the second objective of this study was to develop crop coefficients (K_c) for maize and berseem from ET_c measurements and weather data. The estimated values of K_c for maize by the Penman-Monteith method at the four crop growth stages; namely, initial, crop development, mid-season and maturity, were 0.55, 1.00, 1.23 and 0.64, respectively, and the corresponding values for berseem were 0.76, 0.82, 1.11 and 1.24, respectively. In the case of these two crops, actual K_c values determined from this study are different from those suggested by the FAO (Allen et al. 1998), indicating the need for generating these values at the local/ regional level.  相似文献   

Productivity of Rice—Wheat Cropping System in a Part of Indo-Gengetic Plain: A Spatial Analysis     

N.K. Tyagi  A. Agrawal  R. Sakthivadivel  S.K. Ambast  D.K. Sharma 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2004,18(1):73-88

Investigations were made to study the effect of unequal distribution of canal water in land and water productivity of the rice—wheat cropping system in terms of head—tail relationship in Bhakra Canal command, Haryana. Information on water supply, agronomic practices, crop yield, etc.,were collected from 216 farmers comprising 36 farmers each from the head, middle, and tail watercourses of two minors during year 2000–01. The unequal supply of canal water and presence of marginal quality groundwater creates large variations in the cropping pattern, irrigation application, and land and water productivity of the irrigation system. The groundwater of tail reaches, being saline in nature, was about 25% less productive as compared to head reaches. The unavailability of canal water in the tail reaches creates more dependency on groundwater. Due to its poor quality the crop production in the tail reaches was less by 10 to 20% in case of wheat, and 20 to 40% in case of rice, as compared to head reaches. Groundwater transfer from head to tail reaches and cultivation of low water requiring salt tolerant crops/varieties would be helpful in reducing the productivity gap and increasing the profitability of the farms in the region.  相似文献   

Effects of seed irradiation on yield and quality of essential oil in palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Stapf.)     

H. K. Srivastava  B. R. Tyagi 《Euphytica》1986,35(2):369-380

Summary Dry seeds of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Stapf) var. motia were subjected to 12 doses of gamma rays ranging from 5 kr to 100 kr to find out the effects of gamma irradiation on growth parameters, herbage yield and yield and quality of essential oil. Several biological parameters such as seedling growth, pollen fertility, mitotic chromosome behaviour, productive tillers/plant, leaf area index, leaf/stem ratio (by fresh weight) and total herbage yield/ /plant together with yield and quality of oil have been studied in the first (M₁) generation. Marked stimulatory effects of gamma radiation in 10 kr and 15 kr doses have been compared with the control for herbage yield, oil percentage and total alcohols (free geranyl and geranyl acetate).The two yield contributing traits, herbage yield/plant and leaf area index were remarkably increased in 15 kr, which indicates that in palmarosa the 15 kr dose is more effective than the higher doses in producing microlevel mutations. The yield and quality of oil at 10 kr and 15 kr doses were enhanced significantly. The results on high yield and quality of oil as induced by gamma-irradiation were discussed from the point of view that a gene may have been altered by mutagen treatment to produce a metabolic block between geraniol and geranyl acetate on the biosynthetic pathway or that modifier genes controlling the expression of a key precursor molecule may have been further modified to give rise to a geraniol rich chemotype in palmarosa.  相似文献   

A procedure for minimizing required tubewell capacity in irrigated rice     

R. K. Gupta  N. K. Tyagi 《Irrigation Science》1980,1(4):253-262

Summary A procedure for determining the peak tubewell capacity required for irrigation of rice grown under shallow water submergence has been developed. The formula takes care of both the effective rainfall and the available canal water supply, and is based on dividing the planting period into small sub-periods. The area to be planted in each sub-period is decided by the decision rules which are formulated outside the model. The model is tested for the area served by a lateral canal in the Western Jamuna Canal Command. The suggested planting schedule results in reducing the peak tubewell capacity requirement by about 25% over the existing capacity requirement. The cost of irrigation is reduced as a result of efficient utilization of the installed tubewell capacity.  相似文献   

Vaccines for bluetongue   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PK MURRAY  BT EATON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(6):207-210

Isolation of 8 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) in Australia has led to widespread debate on how to prepare for an outbreak of bluetongue disease and the type of vaccine best suited to control bluetongue in Australia. This article describes the vaccine options under consideration by research workers and animal health administrators. The most widely discussed options are live attenuated virus, killed virus and virus-like particles (VLP) generated by recombinant baculoviruses. Attenuated virus vaccines are cheap and easy to produce and are administered in a single dose. They replicate in sheep without causing significant clinical effects and provide protection against challenge with virulent virus of the same serotype. The possibility that insects could acquire vaccine virus by feeding on vaccinated animals and transmit it to sheep or cattle cannot be eliminated. This poses a risk because attenuated viruses are teratogenic if ewes are infected in the first half of pregnancy. In addition, vaccine virus replication in insects and ruminants may lead to a reversion to virulence. Killed virus vaccines have been shown to be efficacious in small laboratory trials and cannot be transmitted to other animals in the field, but are significantly more expensive to produce than attenuated viruses and require at least 2 doses with adjuvant to elicit an immune response. More work is needed to properly assess their effectiveness and determine their cost of production. Recombinant VLP contain the 4 major structural proteins of BTV but no nucleic acid. VLP are relatively easy to isolate, but it is unlikely that the purification methods currently used in laboratories will be adapted for use commercially. Despite the enthusiasm of recent years, little commercial progress appears to have been made. Although scientific research in Australia and overseas has provided a number of options for development of bluetongue vaccines, the decisions on which to use in an outbreak are complex and will require, not only consideration of factors discussed here, but also agreement from industry and government.  相似文献   

Evaluation of water management systems in a tubewell irrigated farm     

N.K. Tyagi  O.P. Singh  V.V.Dhruva Narayana 《Agricultural Water Management》1979,2(1):67-78

Land development, improved systems of irrigation and drainage, and proper irrigation scheduling are becoming more and more important for the success of command area development of the various major and minor irrigation schemes. For realistic planning and execution of such programmes or for improving existing ones, a systematic evaluation of the various components of the existing systems would be necessary but is invariably lacking. This paper presents an attempt made in this direction at C.S.S.R.I. farm, Karnal (India) to evaluate the integrated effect of water management technology on the efficiency of the irrigation system. The parameters selected for evaluation were the efficiencies of pumping, conveyance and field application. Besides these three parameters, water use efficiency, an index of crop production per unit of water applied, was also evaluated.Investigations revealed that pumping efficiency for electrically driven centrifugal pumps was about 52% and the corresponding value for diesel engine run pumps sets was 30%. The conveyance efficiency in the study area was as high as 93% because the seepage loss in the field channels laid in the alkali soils of the study area was only 7%. The field layout for water application in the study area consisted of long, narrow borders. The water application efficiency for this system was 58% for a wheat crop and 42% for rice. The overall system efficiency for wheat crops was observed to be 54% as against a value of 39% for rice.The observed average total water requirements and water use efficiencies for wheat were 46 cm and 70 kg/ha cm^?1 and for rice 150 cm and 46 kg/ha cm^?1, respectively. At these efficiencies, it was also noted that a cavity tubewell would command an area of 4.5 ha, with rice and wheat as the principal crop rotation.From this study, it can be inferred that reasonably high irrigation system efficiencies (54% as against the national average of about 30%) are possible with good water management at farm level.  相似文献   

The Fate of Intravascularly Infused Regional Anesthesia: A Radiologic Investigation     

Rama  Kumar  Murli  Manohar  R. P. S. Tyagi 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1973,14(2):87-92

  相似文献