The artificial production of translucent streaks on egg shells and various factors influencing their development     

C. Tyler  N. Standen 《British poultry science》1969,10(4):359-369

It is well known that translucent streaks can develop on egg shells due to damage to the surface of the shell. These “artifacts” have been produced under standard conditions and a study of them shows that the rate of development of the translucent areas up to their maximum brightness as measured by a scoring system can be expressed in simple mathematical terms. Having established this it was then possible to show that the rate of development of these translucent areas was (a) inversely related to the time of marking after the egg was laid, (b) directly proportional to external temperature and (c) affected by relative humidity so that a humidity between 10 and 30 per cent gave the maximum rate of development.

Replacing the egg content with water or alcohol gave some interesting results.

It was also found that the translucent streaks were weaker than corresponding opaque areas of the shell. The width of the streak produced under standard conditions varied greatly between the different eggs.

The reasons for these various findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Loss of vitamin E in stored cereals in relation to a myopathy of yearling cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W M Allen  R Bradley  K Swannack  C R Barton  R Tyler 《The Veterinary record》1974,94(16):373-375

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A direct comparison of certain cracking and crushing methods used for measuring shell strength     

C. Tyler  F. H. Geake 《British poultry science》1964,5(1):37-43

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Evaluation of a commercially available immunoassay for assessing adequacy of passive transfer in calves     

Dawes ME  Tyler JW  Hostetler D  Lakritz J  Tessman R 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(6):791-793

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic utility of a commercially available immunoassay for assessing adequacy of passive transfer of immunity in neonatal calves. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 123 calves. PROCEDURE: Blood and serum samples were obtained from the calves prior to 2 weeks of age. The immunoassay was performed, along with refractometry and an 18% sodium sulfite turbidity test. Serum IgG concentration was determined with a radial immunodiffusion assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay, refractometry, and the sodium sulfite test were calculated by comparing results with results of the radial immunodiffusion assay. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of the blood IgG immunoassay were 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, compared with 1.00 and 0.53 for the sodium sulfite test. For refractometry, sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 and 0.83, respectively, when a serum total solids concentration of 5.2 g/dl was used as the cutoff between positive and negative test results. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the immunoassay performs well in detecting calves with inadequate passive transfer of immunity.  相似文献   

Comparison of hematologic and biochemical values for blood samples obtained via jugular venipuncture and via vascular access ports in cats     

Henry CJ  Russell LE  Tyler JW  Buss MS  Seguin B  Cambridge AJ  Moore ME 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(4):482-485

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hematologic and serum biochemical values for blood samples obtained from cats via vascular access ports (VAP) are comparable to those for samples obtained by direct venipuncture. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 14 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: A VAP was surgically implanted in a jugular vein in each cat. Blood samples were obtained from the VAP and by direct venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein 10 weeks after VAP placement. Results of hematologic and serum biochemical analyses were compared by use of a paired t-test. The Pvalue to reject the null hypothesis was adjusted to account for multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni procedure in which the nominal P-to-reject value is divided by the number of comparisons (0.05/24 = 0.002). RESULTS: Paired samples (VAP and venipuncture) obtained 10 weeks after VAP placement were evaluated for each cat. Of the 24 measured analytes, only potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations differed significantly (P< 0.001 for all 3) between VAP and venipuncture samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that samples obtained from VAP are suitable for routine hematologic monitoring of feline cancer patients. Sample hemolysis may account for a slight increase in potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations obtained from VAP samples. However, the values of variables most critical for monitoring of patients receiving chemotherapy (ie, mature neutrophil and platelet counts) are comparable. If proper techniques are used, VAP may be used for administration of chemotherapy as well as for blood collection in cats undergoing cancer treatment.  相似文献   

Effects of pasteurization of colostrum on subsequent serum lactoferrin concentration and neutrophil superoxide production in calves     

Lakritz J  Tyler JW  Hostetler DE  Marsh AE  Weaver DM  Holle JM  Steevens BJ  Denbigh JL 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(9):1021-1025

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of pasteurization of colostrum on serum lactoferrin concentration and neutrophil oxidative function by comparing values from calves given pasteurized (76 C, 15 minutes) colostrum versus calves given fresh frozen colostrum. ANIMALS: 8 Holstein bull calves were used to study the effects of pasteurization of colostrum on the absorption of lactoferrin and neutrophil oxidative burst. Three additional calves were used to study the effect of exogenous lactoferrin on neutrophil oxidative burst. METHODS: Calves were fed fresh frozen or heat pasteurized colostrum (76 C for 15 minutes) via esophageal feeder within 4 hours of birth. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood samples. Neutrophil oxidative burst was induced by phorbol ester (300 ng/ml) stimulation of cells (1 X 10(6) cells) at 37 C. Serum lactoferrin concentrations were compared, using immunoblot analysis. Serum IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunoassay. Comparisons were made between the use of the 2 types of colostrum in calves by measuring subsequent serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations and neutrophil superoxide production. RESULTS: Serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations increased more in calves receiving fresh frozen colostrum. Neutrophil superoxide production was higher in neutrophils prepared from calves receiving fresh frozen colostrum. Colostral lactoferrin addition to neutrophil incubations resulted in increased oxidative burst. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Compared with calves given fresh frozen colostrum, calves given pasteurized colostrum had decreased serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations and neutrophil superoxide production 24 hours after administration. These results suggest that pasteurizing bovine colostrum at 76 C for 15 minutes has substantial effects on passive transfer of proteins and neutrophil function.  相似文献   

Bilateral testicular interstitial cell tumour in an aged boar     

Weaver DM  Tyler JW  Miller MA  Shore MD  Cowart RP 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(8):224

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Preputial diverticulum stone in a boar     

Tyler JW  Weaver DM  Shore MD  Cowart RP  Branson K  Urdaz J 《The Veterinary record》2000,147(8):225

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Theileriosis in a Missouri beef herd caused by Theileria buffeli: case report, herd investigation, ultrastructure, phylogenetic analysis, and experimental transmission     

Stockham SL  Kjemtrup AM  Conrad PA  Schmidt DA  Scott MA  Robinson TW  Tyler JW  Johnson GC  Carson CA  Cuddihee P 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(1):11-21

A 6-year-old Simmental cow infected with Theileria buffeli had a clinical disease characterized by theilerial parasitemia, macrocytic normochromic anemia with acanthocytosis and spherocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia (lymphocytosis, edematous lymphadenomegaly), dysproteinemia, evidence of liver disease, and a low serum antibody titer against T. buffeli. The cow was in a herd in which all cattle originated in Missouri; 22/75 (29%) of cattle had a theilerial parasitemia and 26/75 (35%) had titers to T. buffeli of > or =1:160. Classification of the Missouri bovine organism as T. buffeli was based on DNA sequencing and comparison to sequences for T. buffeli and Theileria sp. type A obtained from GenBank. Intraerythrocytic veils and piroplasms were seen during transmission electron microscopy. The organism was successfully transmitted to two splenectomized calves, which developed mild anemias while parasitemic. Blood from the second calf was used as the source of T. buffeli antigen for an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Theilerial isolates from a Missouri white-tailed deer were also sequenced and resembled Theileria sp. types F and G and were not consistent with the bovine organism.  相似文献   

Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves     

Weaver DM  Tyler JW  VanMetre DC  Hostetler DE  Barrington GM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(6):569-577

Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins has long been accepted as imperative to optimal calf health. Many factors, including timing of colostrum ingestion, the method and volume of colostrum administration, the immunoglobulin concentration of the colostrum ingested, and the age of the dam have been implicated in affecting the optimization of absorption. The practice of colostrum pooling, the breed and presence of the dam, and the presence of respiratory acidosis in the calf also may affect passive transfer. Various tests have been reported to accurately measure passive transfer status in neonatal calves. The radial immunodiffusion and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the only tests that directly measure serum IgG concentration. All other available tests including serum total solids by refractometry, sodium sulfite turbidity test, zinc sulfate turbidity test, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, and whole blood glutaraldehyde gelation estimate serum IgG concentration based on concentration of total globulins or other proteins whose passive transfer is statistically associated with that of IgG. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature of passive transfer in calves including factors that affect passive transfer status, testing modalities, effects of failure of passive transfer on baseline mortality, consequences of failure of passive transfer, and some treatment options. Many previously accepted truisms regarding passive transfer in calves should be rejected based on the results of recent research.  相似文献