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971.
972.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Examination for the Assessment of Renal Perfusion in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
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E. Stock D. Paepe S. Daminet E. Vandermeulen L. Duchateau K. Vanderperren 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):260-266
Background
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound examination (CEUS) is a functional imaging technique allowing noninvasive assessment of tissue perfusion. Studies in humans show that the technique holds great potential to be used in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, data in veterinary medicine are currently lacking.Objectives
To evaluate renal perfusion using CEUS in cats with CKD.Animals
Fourteen client‐owned cats with CKD and 43 healthy control cats.Methods
Prospective case‐controlled clinical trial using CEUS to evaluate renal perfusion in cats with CKD compared to healthy control cats. Time‐intensity curves were created, and perfusion parameters were calculated using off‐line software. A linear mixed model was used to examine differences between perfusion parameters of cats with CKD and healthy cats.Results
In cats with CKD, longer time to peak and shorter mean transit times were observed for the renal cortex. In contrast, a shorter time to peak and rise time were seen for the renal medulla. The findings for the renal cortex indicate decreased blood velocity and shorter total duration of enhancement, likely caused by increased vascular resistance in CKD. Increased blood velocity in the renal medulla has not been described before and may be because of a different response to regulatory factors in cortex and medulla.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound examination was capable of detecting perfusion changes in cats with CKD. Further research is warranted to assess the diagnostic capabilities of CEUS in early stage of the disease process. 相似文献973.
Effects of Moringa oleifera silage on milk yield,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows
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B. Zeng J. J. Sun T. Chen B. L. Sun Q. He X. Y. Chen Y. L. Zhang Q. Y. Xi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):75-81
This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a partial substitute of alfalfa hay on milk yield, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows. MO was harvested at 120 days post‐seeding. Fresh MO was cut, mixed with chopped oat hay (425:575 on a DM basis), ensiled and stored for 60 days. Sixty healthy Holstein dairy cows were allocated to one of three groups: NM (no MO or control), LM (low MO; 25% alfalfa hay and 50% maize silage were replaced by MO silage) or HM (high MO; 50% alfalfa hay and 100% maize silage were replaced by MO silage). The feeding trial lasted 35 days. The LM and HM diets did not affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield or milk composition (lactose, milk fat, milk protein and somatic cell count). The apparent digestibility of DM and NDF was lower for HM group than NM group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between the LM and NM groups. The HM group had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum concentrations of urea than the NM group. The partial replacement of alfalfa hay (≤50%) and maize silage with MO silage had no negative effects on milk yield, in vivo nutrient apparent digestibility or serum biochemical indexes of lactating cows. 相似文献
974.
G. F. Difford D. W. Olijhoek A. L. F. Hellwing P. Lund M. A. Bjerring Y. de Haas 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(1):25-32
This study assessed the ranking of dairy cows using individual-level correlations for methane (CH4) emission on-farm using sniffers and in respiration chambers. In total 20 lactating dairy cows, ten Holstein and ten Jerseys were recorded using sniffers installed in milking robots for three weeks of lactation and subsequently in respiration chambers (RC) where they were each recorded on three occasions within the RC. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to determine the individual-level correlations (rI) between sniffer and RC phenotypes as proxies for genetic correlations. Despite differences in feeding and management, the predicted CH4 production from sniffers correlated highly with RC CH4 production rI?=?0.77?±?0.18 and CH4 breath concentration correlated nearly as well with RC CH4 production rI?=?0.75?±?0.20. These correlations between sniffers on-farm and RC demonstrate the potential of sniffers measurements as large-scale indicator traits for CH4 emissions in dairy cattle. 相似文献
975.
976.
977.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic 3 mm and 5 mm cup biopsies to wedge biopsies of canine livers
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978.
979.
V. Sandilands F. Whyte L. K. Williams T. S. Wilkinson N. H. C. Sparks T. J. Humphrey 《British poultry science》2018,59(6):698-702
ABSTRACT1. Chicken-associated Campylobacter spp. are the cause of most food poisoning cases in Europe. In order to study the host–pathogen interactions, a reliable and reproducible method of colonising chickens with the bacteria is required.2. This study aimed to identify a more appropriate and less invasive method of colonisation (cf. gavaging) by seeding bedding material (litter) that commercial chickens are kept on with a mixture of Campylobacter spp., broth and faeces.3. The first phase of the study tested the longevity of Campylobacter spp. recovery in seeded litter over 24 h: significantly more Campylobacter spp. was recovered at 0 or 3 h post-seeding than at 6 and 24 h post-seeding, indicating that the pathogen can survive to detectable levels for at least 3 h in this environment.4. In the second phase, three groups of 10 broiler chickens (negative for Campylobacter spp. prior to exposure) were exposed at 21 days of age to one of three different Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli mixes (A, B, C), using the method above. At 28 days of age, birds were euthanised by overdose of barbiturate or cervical dislocation, and livers and caeca removed for Campylobacter spp. assessment.5. All liver and 28/30 caeca samples tested positive for Campylobacter spp., with mix A and C giving higher counts in the caeca than mix B. The method of euthanasia did not affect Campylobacter spp. counts.6. In conclusion, a successful method for reliably colonising broiler chickens with Campylobacter spp. has been developed which negates the need for gavaging and is more representative of how contamination occurs in the field. 相似文献
980.
A. Lecoindre D. Saade P. Barthez J. L. Cadoré P. Lecoindre 《The Journal of small animal practice》2018,59(5):311-314
A one‐year‐old female cocker spaniel presented with a 6‐month history of persistent diarrhoea. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed mild diffuse thickening of the intestinal wall coupled with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A connection between the duodenum and the colon was observed during an endoscopic procedure and confirmed by computed tomography. Surgical resection of the communication allowed remission of the diarrhoea. Histology showed a normal duodenal epithelium and muscular layer. A duodenocolic fistula is an abnormal connection within the digestive tract, which in humans is usually considered a complication of a local pathological condition. Due to the absence of a predisposing cause and, in view of the dog's age and histological results, a congenital origin was suspected. 相似文献