Effects of using locally produced protein feed ingredients in low protein diets to single-phase-fed growing-finishing pigs     

Magdalena Presto Åkerfeldt  Leif Göransson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):134-141

ABSTRACT

In two trials, 358 female and entire male pigs vaccinated against boar taint (YxH) were single-phase-fed with diets that were planned to contain 0.78?g standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ net energy and 14.5?g SID CP/g SID lysine. A reference diet with soya bean meal (SBM) as the protein feed ingredient, was replaced with either cereal by-products (CBP), rapeseed meal (RSM), faba beans (FB) or mixtures of 50% CBP and 50% RSM (CBP?+?RSM) or 50% FB and 50% RSM (FB?+?RSM) in the experimental diets. Treatments had no effect (P?>?0.05) on daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight, lean meat content or dressing percentage and carcass value. Single-phase-fed pigs on diets with local protein ingredients can perform as well as single-phase-fed pigs on diets with soya bean meal, and CBP, RSM, FB have the potential to replace soya bean meal in nutritionally well-balanced diets to growing-finishing pigs.  相似文献   

An experimental infection model for reproduction of calf pneumonia with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) based on one combined exposure of calves     

Tjørnehøj K  Uttenthal A  Viuff B  Larsen LE  Røntved C  Rønsholt L 《Research in veterinary science》2003,74(1):55-65

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) has been recognised as an important pathogen in calf pneumonia for 30 years, but surprisingly few effective infection models for studies of the immune response and the pathogenesis in the natural host have been established. We present a reproducible experimental infection model for BRSV in 2-5-month-old, conventionally reared Jersey calves. Thirty-four colostrum-fed calves were inoculated once by aerosol and intratracheal injection with BRSV. Respiratory disease was recorded in 91% of the BRSV-inoculated calves, 72% had an accompanying rise in rectal temperature and 83% exhibited >5% consolidation of the lung tissue. The disease closely resembled natural outbreaks of BRSV-related pneumonia, and detection of BRSV in nasal secretions and lung tissues confirmed the primary role of BRSV. Nine mock-inoculated control calves failed to develop respiratory disease. This model is a valuable tool for the study of the pathogenesis of BRSV and for vaccine efficacy studies.  相似文献   

Experimental infection with the Paderborn isolate of classical swine fever virus in 10-week-old pigs: determination of viral replication kinetics by quantitative RT-PCR,virus isolation and antigen ELISA   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Uttenthal A  Storgaard T  Oleksiewicz MB  de Stricker K 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,92(3):197-212

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Determination of the sequence of the complete open reading frame and the 5'NTR of the Paderborn isolate of classical swine fever virus     

Oleksiewicz MB  Rasmussen TB  Normann P  Uttenthal A 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,92(4):311-325

The classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic in the Netherlands in 1997-1998 lasted 14 months, during which 429 infected and 1300 at risk herds were culled, at an estimated economical cost of 2 billion US dollars. Despite the overwhelming scale of the epizootic, the CSF virus (CSFV) strain causing the outbreak has remained largely uncharacterized. The Dutch epizootic is epidemiologically linked to a small CSF outbreak in 1997, in Paderborn in Germany. E2 and partial 5' NTR sequencing has shown that the index Paderborn isolate, and several Dutch isolates taken during the 1997-1998 epizootic, are virtually identical, confirming that the Paderborn isolate triggered the Dutch outbreak, and furthermore showing that this single isolate was stable throughout the whole Dutch outbreak (the above reviewed in [C. Terpstra, A. J. de Smit, Veterinary Microbiol. 77 (2000) 3-15]). We determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5' NTR (by 5' RACE) and the complete open reading frame of the Paderborn isolate (GenBank AY072924). Our sequence was identical to previously published partial 5'NTR and E2 sequences for the index Paderborn 1997 and Dutch 1997 (Venhorst) isolates, confirming the identity of the virus we sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete open reading frame showed that Paderborn is genetically very different from common European laboratory reference strains. Neutralization studies showed that Paderborn is also antigenically very different from common laboratory strains such as Alfort 187. Paderborn is the only recent European CSFV field isolate for which a complete sequence is available, and given Paderborns genetic and antigenic uniqueness, the Paderborn sequence may have practical use for diagnostic and vaccine antigen development.  相似文献   

Reactivity of eleven anti-human leucocyte monoclonal antibodies with lymphocytes from several domestic animals   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B Aasted  M Blixenkrone-M?ller  E B Larsen  H Bielefeldt Ohmann  R B Simesen  A Uttenthal 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1988,19(1):31-38

Nine commercially available monoclonal antibodies and two monoclonal antibodies from The American Type Culture Collection, raised against various human leucocyte surface antigens, were tested on lymphocytes from cow, sheep, goat, swine, horse, cat, dog, mink, and rabbit as well as man. Four antibodies bound to lymphocytes from some of the animals. These were the antibodies against CD8 and CD4 antigen, the antibody to C3b-receptor, and the antibody to the HLA-DR antigen. The CD8 antigen-reactive antibody reacted with lymphocytes from mink, cat, dog, and sheep, while the CD4 antigen-reactive antibody reacted with lymphocytes from mink. The anti-C3b-R antibody reacted with lymphocytes from horse, swine, dog, and cat, and the anti-HLA-DR reacted with lymphocytes from cow, goat, sheep, horse, dog, cat, and mink.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Production of the Phytotoxin Prehelminthosporol and Virulence in Isolates of the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana     

Dace Apoga  Helena Åkesson  Hans-Börje Jansson  Göran Odham 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(6):519-526

A gas chromatographic method was developed to quantify the phytotoxin prehelminthosporol, which is a sesquiterpene metabolite of the plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. The toxin was extracted from mycelium or culture filtrates, pre-cleaned using solid phase extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography as a trimethylsilyl-derivative. The detection limit of the method was 5ngl^–1 (signal to noise ratio 4:1) which corresponds to ca. 15ng prehelminthosporol per mg dry weight of mycelium or 15ng prehelminthosporol per ml culture filtrate. The total amount of prehelminthosporol (mycelium plus culture filtrate) increased with cultivation time when examined in six isolates of B. sorokiniana after 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of incubation. The screening experiment of 17 isolates for prehelminthosporol production after 8 days of incubation revealed significant differences in the toxin production between the isolates. The isolates with low toxin production had lower virulence towards barley roots compared to those with higher production of the toxin. However, the virulence did not increase with prehelminthosporol level among the high producing isolates. Prehelminthosporol was also analyzed in a number of related Bipolaris and Drechslera species. In addition to B. sorokiniana, three out of six Bipolaris species (B. setariae, B. zeicola, B. victoriae) produced prehelminthosporol, which indicates that ability to produce prehelminthosporol is conserved among closely-related Bipolaris species.  相似文献   

Comparison of casein haplotypes between two geographically distant European dairy goat breeds.     

R. Finocchiaro  B.J. Hayes  M. Siwek  R.J. Spelman  J.B.C.H.M. Van Kaam  T. Ådnøy  B. Portolano 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2008,125(1):68-72

The aim of this paper was to characterize the diversity among haplotypes based on 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion within four casein genes in two geographically distant goat populations, the Sicilian Girgentana breed and the Norwegian goat breed. Forty Girgentana goats were genotyped for the aforementioned polymorphisms and the resulting data set was compared with 436 goats from the Norwegian population previously genotyped for these markers. Several casein gene polymorphisms were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium either in Girgentana, or in the Norwegian breed. The SNP haplotype frequencies for the four casein genes were calculated and despite the large geographical distance and phenotypic divergence between these breeds, a proportion of casein loci haplotypes were found to be identical between both Norwegian and Girgentana goats. However, for the CSN2 gene there were no common haplotypes between the two populations. The level of linkage disequilibrium between the casein genes was less in the Girgentana population than in the Norwegian population.  相似文献   

Site‐related set‐back by weeds on the establishment of 12 biomass willow clones     

J Albertsson  D Hansson  N‐O Bertholdsson  I Åhman 《Weed Research》2014,54(4):398-407

Ten commercial clones of willow and two breeding clones were studied for their ability to compete with weeds during the establishment year at three different sites in southern Sweden. Cuttings were planted according to commercial practice in April, and the two treatments, ‘Weeded’ and ‘Unweeded’, were laid out in a strip‐plot design. Weeds in the ‘Weeded’ treatment were removed mechanically and by hand hoeing. Willow plant shoot weight and plant mortality were measured after the first growing season to evaluate the initial effect of weeds. In addition, weed flora, weed aboveground biomass, soil properties, shoot damage and soil moisture were assessed during the growing season. Plant mortality was <1% in the ‘Weeded’ treatment at the three study sites, while in ‘Unweeded’ it was significantly higher, 2.7%, 24.6% and 37.4%. Weeds reduced willow plant shoot weight by 93.4%, 94.0% and 96.1% at the three sites. Only one site showed clonal differences in shoot growth reduction, as well as in plant mortality. These results show the importance of weed control in willow plantations, as growth of all clones tested were dramatically hampered by weeds during the first growing season, regardless of trial site conditions. Moreover, conditions at certain sites, such as soil properties in combination with weed cover, may cause high plant mortality during the establishment year in this perennial biomass crop.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary moisture content of extruded diets on physical feed quality and nutritional response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

M. Oehme  T.S. Aas  H.J. Olsen  M. Sørensen  M. Hillestad  Y. Li  T. Åsgård 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2014,20(4):451-465

Feeds in modern aquaculture must be of high physical quality to withstand mechanical impacts. However, physical quality of feed has been shown to affect nutritional responses. In this study, different physical feed qualities were created using different drying time. Effects on physical feed quality, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth in Atlantic salmon were investigated. Different drying times of four commercial‐like diets resulted in dry matter contents of 95.9%, 94.1%, 92.3% and 90.8%. A fifth diet containing 70% dry matter was made by soaking pellets. Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (961 ± 12.1 g ind^?1, mean ± SEM) were first fed ad libitum and thereafter a restricted ration. The diets differed significantly in bulk density, DORIS durability, hardness, water stability after 60 and 120 min, but not in water stability after 240 min. Feed intake and growth were not affected by physical quality of the dry diets, whereas soaking had a positive effect on feed intake. Restricted compared with ad libitum feeding increased nutrient digestibility, but digestibility was not affected by varying drying time among diets. However, soaking resulted in slightly reduced digestibility of starch. Most methods used to analyse physical quality did not correlate with feed intake and growth; only long‐term water stability affected feed intake.  相似文献   

Mapping resistance to the bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) in barley     

W. Y. Cheung  L. Di Giorgio  I. Åhman 《Plant Breeding》2010,129(6):637-646

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