黄土藻类回接之生境条件研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许永霞  廖超英  孙长忠  法蕾  马淑敏 《西北林学院学报》2012,(2):30-33

通过液体藻种固相接种培养试验,对人工培养藻类结皮的生态环境条件进行了研究,探讨了温度、光照、水分对藻类生长繁殖的影响规律。结果表明:温度条件对藻类的生长有影响,20℃和室温条件下藻类生物量平均增长率较小,说明其生长比35℃条件下稳定;从光照条件来看,全光和暗光条件下藻类生物量逐渐减少,而弱光条件下生物量持续增加,说明弱光条件下藻类生长最旺盛;水分是影响藻类生长的重要条件,土壤含水量达到30%～35%时藻类生长良好,说明足够的水分供给能够增强液体藻种对环境的适应性,因此,在藻类接种的初期,加强水分的供应能够保证人工培养藻类结皮的成活率。  相似文献   

The effect of Clostridium perfringens type C strain CN3685 and its isogenic beta toxin null mutant in goats     

Garcia JP  Beingesser J  Fisher DJ  Sayeed S  McClane BA  Posthaus H  Uzal FA 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(3-4):412-419

Clostridium perfringens type C is an important cause of enteritis and/or enterocolitis in several animal species, including pigs, sheep, goats, horses and humans. The disease is a classic enterotoxemia and the enteric lesions and associated systemic effects are thought to be caused primarily by beta toxin (CPB), one of two typing toxins produced by C. perfringens type C. This has been demonstrated recently by fulfilling molecular Koch's postulates in rabbits and mice. We present here an experimental study to fulfill these postulates in goats, a natural host of C. perfringens type C disease. Nine healthy male or female Anglo Nubian goat kids were inoculated with the virulent C. perfringens type C wild-type strain CN3685, an isogenic CPB null mutant or a strain where the cpb null mutation had been reversed. Three goats inoculated with the wild-type strain presented abdominal pain, hemorrhagic diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, pulmonary edema, hydropericardium and death within 24h of inoculation. Two goats inoculated with the CPB null mutant and two goats inoculated with sterile culture media (negative controls) remained clinically healthy during 24h after inoculation and no gross or histological abnormalities were observed in the tissues of any of them. Reversal of the null mutation to partially restore CPB production also increased virulence; 2 goats inoculated with this reversed mutant presented clinical and pathological changes similar to those observed in goats inoculated with the wild-type strain, except that spontaneous death was not observed. These results indicate that CPB is required for C. perfringens type C to induce disease in goats, supporting a key role for this toxin in natural C. perfringens type C disease pathogenesis.  相似文献   

Association between findings on palmarodorsal radiographic images and detection of a fracture in the proximal sesamoid bones of forelimbs obtained from cadavers of racing Thoroughbreds     

Anthenill LA  Stover SM  Gardner IA  Hill AE  Lee CM  Anderson ML  Barr BC  Read DH  Johnson BJ  Woods LW  Daft BM  Kinde H  Moore JD  Farman CA  Odani JS  Pesavento PA  Uzal FA  Case JT  Ardans AA 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(5):858-868

OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution for limbs and bones in horses with fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones and relationships with findings on palmarodorsal radiographic images. SAMPLE POPULATION: Proximal sesamoid bones obtained from both forelimbs of cadavers of 328 racing Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURE: Osteophytes; large vascular channels; and fracture location, orientation, configuration, and margin distinctness were categorized by use of high-detail contact palmarodorsal radiographs. Distributions of findings were determined. Relationships between radiographic findings and fracture characteristics were examined by use of chi2 and logistic regression techniques. RESULTS: Fractures were detected in 136 (41.5%) horses. Biaxial fractures were evident in 109 (80%) horses with a fracture. Osteophytes and large vascular channels were evident in 266 (81%) and 325 (99%) horses, respectively. Medial bones typically had complete transverse or split transverse simple fractures, indistinct fracture margins, > 1 vascular channel that was > 1 mm in width, and osteophytes in abaxial wing and basilar middle or basilar abaxial locations. Lateral bones typically had an oblique fracture and distinct fracture margins. Odds of proximal sesamoid bone fracture were approximately 2 to 5 times higher in bones without radiographic evidence of osteophytes or large vascular channels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Biaxial fractures of proximal sesamoid bones were common in cadavers of racing Thoroughbreds. Differences between medial and lateral bones for characteristics associated with fracture may relate to differences in fracture pathogeneses for these bones. Osteophytes and vascular channels were common findings; however, fractures were less likely to occur in bones with these features.  相似文献   

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区放牧林草地土壤团聚体性质研究     

许永霞  廖超英  孙长忠  法蕾  唐海滨  边丹丹 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(5):186-191

通过放牧试验的方法,研究土壤团聚体含量和破坏率,以探讨不同放牧强度、不同放牧畜种、不同放牧植被类型条件下表土的团聚体(＞ 0.25 mm)含量和破坏率.结果表明:放牧强度对土壤性质有影响,重度放牧下土壤团聚体含量最小;从畜牧羊种选择来看,绵羊相对于山羊来说对土壤结构破坏较小,土壤中团聚体含量较高;对于不同植被类型,放牧...  相似文献   

沿海防护林主要病虫害发生原因及防治对策     

方丽  李宜文  刘加玉  李占鹏 《中国森林病虫》2001,20(4):37-38

本文对日照沿海防护林17种主要病虫害发生原因进行了全面分析，提出了相应的防治对策。  相似文献   

Necrotizing enterocolitis and death in a goat kid associated with enterotoxin (CPE)-producing Clostridium perfringens type A          下载免费PDF全文

Miyakawa ME  Saputo J  Leger JS  Puschner B  Fisher DJ  McClane BA  Uzal FA 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(12):1266-1269

A goat kid died after being depressed for several days. No significant gross abnormalities were observed at postmortem examination, while histopathological analysis revealed diffuse necrotizing enterocolitis. Isolation of Clostridium perfringens type A secreting enterotoxin (CPE) and presence of CPE in the small intestine suggest that CPE contributed to the death of this kid.  相似文献   

Abortion and ulcerative posthitis associated with caprine herpesvirus-1 infection in goats in California.     

Francisco A Uzal  Leslie Woods  Michelle Stillian  Robert Nordhausen  Deryck H Read  Hanna Van Kampen  Jenee Odani  Sharon Hietala  E J Hurley  Mary L Vickers  Sharon M Gard 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(5):478-484

Three outbreaks of late-gestation abortions in does and ulcerative posthitis in bucks, associated with caprine herpes virus-1 (CHV-1), in California are described. In herd A, 10 of 17 does aborted in a 7-day period, whereas in herd B, 4 of 130 does aborted in a 45-day period and in herd C, 100 of 300 does aborted in a 3-week period. Most fetuses had multifocal pinpoint depressed foci with a zone of hyperemia on external and cut surfaces of the kidneys, liver, lungs, and adrenal glands. Histologically, scattered multifocal areas of necrosis with mild neutrophilic infiltrate were observed in kidneys, brain, liver, adrenal glands, and lungs of most fetuses of the 3 herds. Large amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, which displaced the chromatin, were observed in cells within and around the necrotic foci in kidneys and adrenal glands. Particles 85-113 nm in size with morphology compatible with herpes virus were observed in the nuclei of these cells when examined by electron microscopy. Irregular, shallow, red ulcers were observed in the prepuce of 1 buck from herd C. Prepuce biopsies from this animal had necrosis of the superficial mucosal epithelium and severe submucosal lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates. Large intranuclear amphophilic inclusion bodies were observed in most cells of the stratum spinosum of the preputial epithelium, but no viral particles were observed in these cells. Caprine herpes virus-1 was isolated from tissue pools of fetuses from the 3 herds but not from prepuce biopsies. Positive results were obtained when tissues of a fetus from herd C were processed by a polymerase chain reaction technique to amplify the amino terminus of the glycoprotein C gene of CHV-1. Sera from aborted does from herds B and C and from the 3 bucks from herd C had high antibody titers to CHV-1. The results presented here support the hypothesis that the male goat is involved in the transmission of CHV-1. However, other forms of transmission cannot be ruled out.  相似文献   

The pathology of peracute experimental Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep.     

F A Uzal  W R Kelly  W E Morris  J Bermudez  M Baisón 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(5):403-411

The pathological findings in sheep with peracute experimental Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia are described. Of 16 animals inoculated intraduodenally with a whole culture of this microorganism and a starch solution in the abomasum, 12 developed clinical signs including increased respiratory efforts, recumbency, paddling, bleating, convulsions, blindness, and opisthotonus. Diarrhea was not observed in any of the animals. The time lapse between the beginning of intraduodenal infusion and onset of clinical signs varied between 30 minutes and 26 hours, and the clinical course varied between 1 and 9 hours. Gross postmortem changes were observed in these 12 animals and included pulmonary edema; excess pericardial, peritoneal, or pleural fluid with or without strands of fibrin; liquid small intestinal contents; leptomeningeal edema; cerebellar coning; and subcapsular petechiae on kidneys. Histological changes consisted of severe edema of pleura and interlobular septa and around blood vessels and airways and acidophilic, homogeneous, proteinaceous perivascular edema in the brain. Five of 12 animals (42%) with clinical signs consistent with enterotoxemia lacked specific histological lesions in the brain. None of the intoxicated or control animals developed nephrosis. Glucose was detected in the urine of 3 of 6 animals that were tested for this analyte. These results stress the importance of the use of histological examination of the brain, coupled with epsilon toxin detection, for a definitive diagnosis of C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep.  相似文献   

Neonicotinoids and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): effects on nectar consumption in individual workers          下载免费PDF全文

Helen M Thompson  Selwyn Wilkins  Sarah Harkin  Sarah Milner  Keith FA Walters 《Pest management science》2015,71(7):946-950

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Recent advances in computational fluid dynamics relevant to the modelling of pesticide flow on leaf surfaces     

C Richard Glass  Keith FA Walters  Philip H Gaskell  Yeaw C Lee  Harvey M Thompson  David R Emerson  Xiao‐Jun Gu 《Pest management science》2010,66(1):2-9

Increasing societal and governmental concern about the worldwide use of chemical pesticides is now providing strong drivers towards maximising the efficiency of pesticide utilisation and the development of alternative control techniques. There is growing recognition that the ultimate goal of achieving efficient and sustainable pesticide usage will require greater understanding of the fluid mechanical mechanisms governing the delivery to, and spreading of, pesticide droplets on target surfaces such as leaves. This has led to increasing use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as an important component of efficient process design with regard to pesticide delivery to the leaf surface. This perspective highlights recent advances in CFD methods for droplet spreading and film flows, which have the potential to provide accurate, predictive models for pesticide flow on leaf surfaces, and which can take account of each of the key influences of surface topography and chemistry, initial spray deposition conditions, evaporation and multiple droplet spreading interactions. The mathematical framework of these CFD methods is described briefly, and a series of new flow simulation results relevant to pesticide flows over foliage is provided. The potential benefits of employing CFD for practical process design are also discussed briefly. © Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献