Effects of faba bean tannins on the growth and histological structure of the intestinal tract and liver of chicks and rats     

L. T. Ortiz  C. Alzueta  J. Trevino  M. Castano 《British poultry science》1994,35(5):743-754

1. Diets containing a freeze‐dried tannin extract from faba beans (Vicia faba L.) at concentrations of 0, 8 and 16 g/kg were fed to growing chicks and rats.

2. Chicks fed on the tannin‐containing diets exhibited a high mortality and significant decreases in body‐weight as well as lower food intakes and higher food intake:weight gain ratios (P<0.01). In rats there was no mortality but the growth and food intake were adversely affected (P< 0.05).

3. Histological changes occurred in the ileal mucosa of chicks. Atrophy and shortening of villi with distortion of their architecture were observed. Similar histological disorders but less pronounced were also found in rats.

4. Histopathology of the liver of both chicks and rats showed an hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, clearly more severe in the former than in the latter.  相似文献   

Richard leakey quits post, charges ;smear campaign'     

Morell V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5155):23

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An anthropological culture shift     

Morell V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5155):20-22

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Venturing off: the world of the entrepreneur     

Morell V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5180):1930

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Novel Course III: Undergrad Labs "Get Real"     

Morell V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,266(5186):870-872

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Monofrequency forced oscillation technique for the investigation of pulmonary function in calves: in vitro and in vivo studies     

R. Close  P. Reinhold  P. Lekeux 《Research in veterinary science》1994,56(3):470

Parameters derived from the non-invasive and simple monofrequency forced oscillation technique were compared with classical parameters of ventilatory mechanics in order to assess its usefulness for the investigation of pulmonary function in calves. To facilitate this comparison, theoretical derivations were coupled with in vitro measurements, using an artificial lung model, and with in vivo studies. These studies compared the oscillatory resistance parameters (R_os and Re) and the respiratory system compliance (C_rs) against the classical pulmonary resistance (R_L) and the dynamic compliance (C_dyn), respectively. Ros and Re were highly correlated (r0·87) with R_L and the comparison between Crs and C_dyn gave a similarly high correlation (r0·88). Given its simplicity, its correspondence with classical parameters and its rapidity and reproducibility, monofrequency forced oscillation technique seems well suited for the investigation of pulmonary function under field conditions.  相似文献   

Minimum duration of effective head-only electrical stunning of fallow deer (Dama dama) and time to loss of consciousness following a throat-cut     

Cook CJ  Gilbert KV  Devine CE  Dean JM  Hogg B 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1994,42(4):156-157

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Additive genetic and maternal effects on postweaning growth and carcass traits in rabbits     

Krogmeier D  Dzapo V  Mao IL 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1994,111(1-6):289-297

SUMMARY: Additive genetic and maternal effects were estimated for postweaning growth traits and carcass traits using a derivate-free REML procedure under animal model. The traits studied were weight at 84 days of age, age at slaughter, postweaning ADG, dressing percentage, weight of kidney and pelvic fat, and muscle pH value and electrical conductivity in the semimembranosus muscle. Heritability estimates from a total of 728 rabbits in a reciprocal crossbreeding experiment ranged from 0.15 to 0.26 for postweaning growth traits, 0.21 for dressing percentage, 0.38 for weight of kidney and pelvic fat, 0.02 for pH value, and 0.51 for electrical conductivity. Considerable maternal effects were present in postweaning growth traits and in weight of kidney and pelvic fat. Genetic correlation estimates indicated that genetic selection for postweaning daily gain would lead to lower dressing percentages (- 0.51) and leaner carcasses (- 0.34). The genetic relationships between ADG after weaning and pH value (- 0.90), and between ADG and electrical conductivity (0.58) illustrated a shifting towards a glycolytic energy metabolism of the muscle due to increased growth. Litter size at birth was found to be a significant source of variation for all postweaning growth traits (p < 0.001) and for electrical conductivity (p < 0.05). Genetic selection for litter size at birth would result in decreased growth rates, lower dressing percentage and enhanced adiposis. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Sch?tzung additiv-genetischer und maternaler Effekte auf Mastleistungs- und Schlachtk?rpermerkmale beim Kaninchen Additiv-genetische und maternale Effekte wurden für Mastleistungsmerkmale nach dem Absetzen und für Schlachtk?rpermerkmale anhand eines Tiermodells (DFREML-Methode) gesch?tzt. Bei den untersuchten Merkmalen handelt es sich um das 84-Tage-Gewicht, das Schlachtalter, Zunahmen nach dem Absetzen, Ausschlachtungsprozente, Nieren- und Beckenfettgewicht und um den pH-Wert und die elektrische Leitf?higkeit im M. semimembranosus. Die Heritabilit?tssch?tzungen an insgesamt 728 Tieren, die aus einem reziproken Kreuzungsversuch stammten, lagen bei den Wachstumsmerkmalen zwischen h(2) = 0,15 und h(2) = 0,26. Sie betrugen h(2) = 0,21 für die Ausschlachtungsprozente, h(2) = 0,38 für das Nieren- und Beckenfettgewicht, h(2) = 0,02 für den pH-Wert und h(2) = 0,51 für die Leitf?higkeitsmessung. Die Sch?tzung genetischer Korrelationen deutet an, da? eine genetische Selektion auf t?gliche Zunahmen nach dem Absetzen zu einer verringerten Ausschlachtung (- 0,51) und zu magereren Schlachtk?rpern führen würde. Die genetischen Beziehungen zwischen den Zunahmen und dem pH-Wert (- 0,90) und zwischen den Zunahmen und der elektrischen Leitf?higkeit (0,58) lassen eine Verschiebung in Richtung eines glykolytischen Muskelenergiestoffwechsels bei verst?rktem Wachstum erwarten. Die Wurfgr??e bei der Geburt stellt eine signifikante Variationsursache für die Mastleistungsmerkmale nach dem Absetzen (p < 0,001) una für die elektrische Leitf?higkeit (p < 0,05) dar. Bei einer Erh?hung der Wurfgr??e durch Selektion sind verminderte Wachstumsraten, geringere Ausschlachtungsprozente und verst?rkte Verfettung zu befürchten.  相似文献   

Correct equations for comparing models in diallel analysis     

Wolf J  Vítek M  Herrendörfer G  Sumpf D 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1994,111(1-6):209-212

SUMMARY: Correct equations are given to express the parameter estimates of four models for complete diallels as a function of the parameter estimates in the model of Eisen et al. (1983). In recent literature these equations have been partly incorrect. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Korrekte Gleichungen für den Vergleich von Modellen in der Diallelanalyse Für die Darstellung der Parametersch?tzwerte von vier Modellen für vollst?ndige Diallele als Funktion der Parametersch?tzwerte des Modells von Eisen et al. (1983), die in der Literatur teilweise fehlerhaft erfolgte, werden korrekte Formeln angegeben.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation     

G. Tuitert  Y. Hofmeester 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(1):19-53

A field experiment was set up in 1988 to study the development of rhizomania disease of sugar beet at different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in soil. Five, tenfold different, inoculum levels were created by addition of the approximate amounts of 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 kg infested soil per ha (the latter corresponding to 0.01% v/v calculated to the tillage layer). A drip irrigation treatment was applied to study the influence of soil moisture on disease. Susceptible sugar beet, cv. Regina, was grown for three consecutive years.In the first year, root symptoms were not observed, but BNYVV-infected plants were detected by ELISA in low numbers at all inoculum levels at harvest. After late drilling in 1989, high numbers of infected plants, up to 90–100% in plots with the highest inoculum level, were detected already in June. Root symptoms were also observed from June onwards. In both these years disease incidence increased in time and was significantly influenced by the initial inoculum level. In the third year, the whole field was heavily diseased, and only for the non-irrigated plots incidence differed for different initial inoculum levels. The expression of symptoms by BNYVV-infected plants was influenced by initial inoculum level, thus by the amount and timing of primary infection.Root weight at harvest was not affected, but sugar content decreased with increasing inoculum level already in 1988, leading to a reduction in sugar yield of 10% at the highest inoculum level. In 1989, both root weight and sugar content decreased progressively with increasing inoculum level, resulting in sugar yield reductions of 11–66% (down to approximately 3000 kg ha^–1) for low to high inoculum levels compared to the control. As the control plots became contaminated, all yields were low in 1990, still showing a decrease with increasing inoculum level in the non-irrigated plots, but an overall mean sugar yield of 3323 kg ha^–1 for the irrigated ones.Sodium and -amino nitrogen content of the root, additional quality parameters determining extractability of sucrose, showed an increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing initial inoculum level already in the first year. The relative differences in contents compared to those from the control were largest for Na content. A significant negative correlation was found between Na (mmol kg^–1 root) and sugar content (% of fresh weight); linear for 1988, exponential for 1989 and 1990.In spring 1989, the infestation of individual plots was assessed using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units of BNYVV per 100 g dry soil. The relationship between the MPns determined and root weight, sugar content and sugar yield at harvest could be described by Gompertz curves. The increase in disease incidence with increasing MPN in 1989 was adequately fitted with a logistic equation.  相似文献