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51.
G H Wentink V P Rutten A C van Exsel W A de Jong H Vleugel E J Hensen 《The Veterinary quarterly》1990,12(3):175-182
The in vitro lymphoproliferative assay specific for bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV1) was tested for its ability to predict whether an animal was protected against challenge with virulent BHV1 and for its ability to identify animals latently infected with the virus. Three animals that had been in contact with a field strain of the virus, three that had been vaccinated with a modified live-virus vaccine seven weeks previously, six that had been vaccinated in the same way five months previously, and seven control animals that had had no previous contact with the virus were challenged with virulent BHV1. The 12 animals that had had previous contact with BHV1 all resisted the challenge well or fairly well, but six of them did not react positively in the in vitro lymphoproliferative assay. It was concluded that the assay did not give consistent evidence of the immune status of the animals. Four animals that had had previous contact with a field strain of BHV1 were treated with dexamethasone; they excreted BHV1 irrespective of whether they showed a positive response in the in vitro lymphoproliferative assay. 相似文献
52.
Maru Shete Marcel Rutten George C. Schoneveld Eylachew Zewude 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(3):689-704
This article examines land-use changes by large-scale plantations in Ethiopia and evaluates the impacts thereof on soil organic carbon, micronutrients and bulk density. Remote sensing analysis and field research activities were undertaken at four large-scale plantation projects in Benshanguel Gumuz, Gambella, and Oromia regional states. Results show that the projects largely involved the conversion of both closed and open to closed forests and grasslands, which in turn reduced soil carbon stock and micronutrient levels and increased soil compaction. We argue that unless appropriate soil management activities and impact mitigation strategies are adopted by plantation proponents, these land-use changes will pose a serious threat to the long-term economic viability and sustainability of plantation agriculture in Ethiopia. This could undermine long-term ecosystem health and national food security. 相似文献
53.
Lung inflammation is often associated with sustained neutrophil migration into the lung tissue, causing undesired side effects, i.e. substantial damage of lung tissue and fibrin deposition, which hamper complete recovery. The need for additional anti-inflammatory treatment strategies focused attention on the function of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the leukocyte membrane, which guide migration of leukocytes across the endothelium to the site of inflammation. Recent data indicate that neutrophil migration in the lung is mediated by unique pathways, involving different CAM as compared to other organs. These pulmonary characteristics of neutrophil migration enable specific targeting of CAM for anti-inflammatory treatment of pneumonia. In addition, the recent interest in intracellular signaling revealed that most CAM not only function in adhesion, but also play an important role in initiation of intracellular signal transduction and vice versa may be modulated by intracellular signaling molecules (ISMs). In this review, the mechanisms of neutrophil migration in the lung and the role of ISM with respect to CAM function are described in the context of potential anti-inflammatory intervention strategies. 相似文献
54.
High volume continuous venovenous haemofiltration (HV-CVVH) in an equine endotoxaemic shock model 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Veenman JN Dujardint CL Hoek A Grootendorst A Klein WR Rutten VP 《Equine veterinary journal》2002,34(5):516-522
Equine acute abdominal disease is often associated with shock. Important aspects in the onset of this complication include hypovolaemia, the translocation of endotoxins from the gut and the subsequent activation of the cytokine network. The clinical efficacy of high volume continuous venovenous haemofiltration (HV-CVVH) and the clearance of cytokines were therefore investigated in an equine endotoxaemic model. Ten male Shetland ponies received a slow infusion of LPS (2 microg/kg bwt) under general anaesthesia. The treatment group (n = 5) received HV-CVVH (2 ml/kg bwt/min) using a 75 kD polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA filter). Haemodynamic, blood variable and cytokine (TNF, IL-1 and IL-6) measurements were performed every 30 min for a 6 h period. The ponies showed a typical reaction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, blood chemical and haematological markers after LPS challenge. No significant differences were found between the treatment group and the control group. Only a slight increase in cardiac index and no marked decrease in mean arterial pressure were seen. A clear cytokine response was found in all ponies, though substantially different in magnitude between individuals. The clearance of cytokines from the blood increased in time, but did not lead to significant decrease in serum levels. In this study, HV-CVVH with a PMMA filter did not prove to have a significant beneficial effect on the course of experimental endotoxaemia in horses. However, in a more severe model, better efficacy might be obtained. Testing additional filters might lead to a more suitable therapy for horses. 相似文献
55.
Koets AP Rutten VP Bakker D van der Hage MH van Eden W 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,77(3-4):487-495
Pathogenesis studies of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in ruminants are hampered by the long incubation time of the disease. A laboratory animal model with a shorter incubation time would facilitate research in this field. Although small rodents are usually considered to be resistant to M.a. paratuberculosis infection, several susceptible murine strains have been found. To our knowledge, there are no detailed reports with regard to susceptibility in rats. The Lewis rat is a valuable model for inflammatory bowel disease studies as well as autoimmune diseases involving mycobacteria as inducing agents. In this study Lewis rats were used to investigate their potential as a small laboratory animal model for paratuberculosis.In total 28 female Lewis rats were orally inoculated with M.a. paratuberculosis. The rats were first inoculated at 3 weeks of age, and 12 more inoculations followed in increasing intervals during the 3 months to follow. Eight control rats received a sham inoculation. Over 9 months, two rats from each group were sacrificed at regular intervals and immunological and histopathological examinations were performed on the gastrointestinal tract, the liver and the spleen.None of the rats developed lesions which were indicative of mycobacterial infection as determined by histology with HE and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The bacteria could not be recultured from samples taken from the gut, the liver or the spleen. The immunological tests however, showed that bacteria had entered via the intestinal tract. From this study it appears that Lewis rats are resistant to oral inoculation with M. a. paratuberculosis, and not suitable as a model to study the immunopathogenesis of paratuberculosis as it occurs in ruminants. 相似文献
56.
Determination of BHV1 specific immune reactivity in naturally infected and vaccinated animals by lymphocyte proliferation assays 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V P Rutten G H Wentink W A de Jong A C van Exsel E J Hensen 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1990,25(3):259-267
The in vitro BHV1-specific lymphocyte stimulation assay was used to investigate immune reactivity of cattle after natural infection or vaccination with BHV1. Proliferative responses to live virus were shown in tests with peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive field virus-infected animals and of vaccinated animals. Nineteen out of 36 seropositive field virus-infected animals did not show in vitro responses. Nine out of 12 animals showed, at least transient, responsiveness after vaccination. Antibody titers were maintained throughout the observation period. T cell activity is believed to play a role in protection against BHV1 infection. The in vitro proliferative assay, however, can not discriminate between BHV1 seropositive and seronegative field virus-infected animals. After vaccination, the BHV1-specific lymphocyte responses of at least one animal disappeared. Both observations may point to the fact that T cell memory is generated, or at least systemically present, to a limited extent. 相似文献
57.
Morar D Tijhaar E Negrea A Hendriks J van Haarlem D Godfroid J Michel AL Rutten VP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,115(1-2):146-154
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park (KNP). In addition to buffalo, Mycobacterium bovis has been found in at least 14 other mammalian species in South Africa, including kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) and lion (Panthera leo). This has raised concern about the spillover into other potentially susceptible species like rhinoceros, thus jeopardising breeding and relocation projects aiming at the conservation of biodiversity. Hence, procedures to screen for and diagnose BTB in black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) need to be in place. The Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay is used as a routine diagnostic tool to determine infection of cattle and recently African buffalo, with M. bovis and other mycobacteria. The aim of the present work was to develop reagents to set up a rhinoceros IFN-gamma (RhIFN-gamma) assay. The white rhinoceros IFN-gamma gene was cloned, sequenced and expressed as a mature protein. Amino acid (aa) sequence analysis revealed that RhIFN-gamma shares a homology of 90% with equine IFN-gamma. Monoclonal antibodies, as well as polyclonal chicken antibodies (Yolk Immunoglobulin-IgY) with specificity for recombinant RhIFN-gamma were produced. Using the monoclonals as capture antibodies and the polyclonal IgY for detection, it was shown that recombinant as well as native white rhinoceros IFN-gamma was recognised. This preliminary IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), has the potential to be developed into a diagnostic assay for M. bovis infection in rhinoceros. 相似文献
58.