Nutritional evaluation of autoclaved Salicornia bigelovii Torr. seed meal supplemented with varying levels of cholesterol on growth, nutrient utilization and survival of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)     

M. G. Ríos-Durán  I. R. Valencia  L. G. Ross  C. A. Martínez-Palacios 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(6):1355-1371

A 7-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal by autoclaved Salicornia bigelovii seed meal (SSM), supplemented with varying cholesterol levels, on feed intake, growth performance, body composition and survival of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings under laboratory conditions. SSM was tested at different inclusion levels (0, 25, 50 and 65 % of total protein), using different levels of cholesterol supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 2.6 %) in isonitrogenous (420 g Kg^?1 DM crude protein) and isocaloric (18.52 MJ Kg^?1 DM) fish meal–Soybean meal-based diets. Triplicate groups of fish (374 ± 15 mg, initial fresh body weight) were randomly stocked in 18 20-L plastic tanks at a stocking density of 20 fish per tank and were fed to satiation by hand five times a day, 7 days per week. Feed intake, growth performance and survival were significantly affected by the SSM inclusion level and the cholesterol supplementation. The lower growth performance of fish fed diets containing SSM without cholesterol is thought to result from the presence of saponins in the meal. When cholesterol is added, the saponin-induced toxicity is ameliorated, which is evident from growth and survival responses, up to 50 % of SSM protein inclusion. At the highest level of SSM inclusion (65 %), growth and survival were very poor, despite the addition of cholesterol. The results of the present work suggest that autoclaved SSM can partially substitute fish protein in diets for O. niloticus fingerlings at levels up to 50 % of the dietary protein if 2 % cholesterol is added in fish meal–SBM-based diets.  相似文献   

Screening food-borne and zoonotic pathogens associated with livestock practices in the Sumapaz region,Cundinamarca, Colombia     

Nelson E. Arenas  Diego A. Abril  Paola Valencia  Surabhi Khandige  Carlos Yesid Soto  Vilma Moreno-Melo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):739-745

Hazardous practices regarding antibiotics misuse, unsanitary milking procedures, and the commercial sales of raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products are currently being practiced by livestock farmers in the Sumapaz region (Colombia). The purpose of this study was to screen for food-borne and zoonotic pathogens associated with local livestock practices. We evaluated 1098 cows from 46 livestock farms in the Sumapaz region that were selected by random. Of the total population of cattle, 962 animals (88%) were tested for bovine TB using a caudal-fold tuberculin test and 546 (50%) for brucellosis by a competitive ELISA. In the population tested, 23 cows were positive for Brucella sp. representing a 4.2% seroprevalence and no cases of bovine tuberculosis were found. In addition, food-borne contamination with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed together with antibiotic susceptibility for ten different antibiotics in milk samples from 16 livestock farms. We found that 12 of the farms (75%) were contaminated with these food-borne pathogens. Noteworthy, all of the isolated pathogenic strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics, primarily to oxytetracycline and erythromycin. Our findings suggest that livestock products could be a source of exposure to Brucella and multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains as a result of unhygienic livestock practices in the Sumapaz region. Training in good farming practices is the key to improving safety in food production.  相似文献   

Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates in Argentina: First Description of a Person‐to‐Person Transmission Case     

I. Etchechoury  G. Echeverría Valencia  N. Morcillo  M. D. Sequeira  B. Imperiale  M. López  K. Caimi  M. J. Zumárraga  A. Cataldi  M. I. Romano 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(6):375-381

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a mycobacterium highly similar to M. tuberculosis that belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. The main host of M. bovis is cattle but it also affects many other mammalians including humans. Tuberculosis in humans caused by either M. bovis or M. tuberculosis is clinically hard to distinguish. During 2004–2005, samples from 448 patients with diagnosis of TB were collected from different regions of Argentina. The PRA technique identified 400 isolates with representative patterns of mycobacterium. The predominant ones were the M. tuberculosis complex, the M. avium–M. intracellulare complex and M. gordonae. Samples with M. tuberculosis complex PRA restriction profiles were analyzed with a multiplex PCR to differentiate between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Multiplex PCR identified nine M. bovis. The results allowed the possibility to establish that 2% of pulmonary tuberculosis was due to M. bovis. Isolates of M. bovis from humans were examined using spoligotyping. These isolates presented five different spoligotypes. The main spoligotype was also the most frequently one found in cattle. The remaining human spoligotypes (grouped in clusters) are occasionally found in cattle. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis identified five different patterns. By combining the results of spoligotyping and VNTR analysis, we were able to differentiate seven M. bovis isolates. The remaining two M. bovis samples showed the same spoligotype and VNTR profile and belonged to household contacts. An MDR‐M. bovis was isolated from the samples of these household contacts. The identification of two epidemiologically linked cases of human M. bovis infection suggests person‐to‐person transmission of an MDR‐M. bovis.  相似文献   

Mineral dialyzability in milk and fermented dairy products fortified with FeNaEDTA     

Drago SR  Valencia ME 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(8):2553-2557

Iron, zinc, and calcium dialyzability and ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations were evaluated in milk and yogurt fortified with FeNaEDTA (FE) or ferrous sulfate (FS) as a control, with or without AA addition. The values obtained for FE iron dialyzability in milk were much higher than those obtained for FS. The addition of AA to milk improved Fe dialyzability when using FS and slightly decreased Fe dialyzability in the FE-fortified nonfermented samples. Milk fermentation increased iron availability from both iron sources. Zinc and calcium dialyzability in products containing any of the two iron sources was increased in fermented milks. EDTA improved Zn dialyzability from intrinsic zinc in every manufactured dairy product. Whereas for milks fortified with FS and stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h, the AA content remained close to the original concentration, a higher AA degradation was observed when milks were fortified with FE.  相似文献   

Effect of the Extrusion on Functional Properties and Mineral Dialyzability from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus Vulgaris</Emphasis> Bean Flour     

Drago SR  Velasco-González OH  Torres RL  González RJ  Valencia ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(2):43-48

The effects of extrusion conditions on cooking degree, flour dispersion viscosity and mineral potential availability of extruded bean flour were studied. Phaseolus vulgaris beans of the agronomic cultivar “Flor de mayo” were ground and dehulled to obtain grits and then extruded at different temperatures (140, 160 and 180 °C) and moisture contents (17, 20 and 23%), according to a bifactorial experimental design. Degree of cooking was estimated by water solubility (WS) and specific mechanical energy (SME). The effect of variables on WS and SME were analysed by surface response methodology. Flour dispersion viscosity and mineral availability (estimated by in vitro dialyzability), were also evaluated on selected samples. Results showed that, within the ranges of the variables used for this study, only the effect of temperature was significant on the degree of cooking. No direct correlation was observed between water solubility and SME, although a maximum value of WS corresponded to a range of SME values of 400–500 J/g was observed. Dispersion viscosity decreases as WS increases, so if high calorie density is desired, for instance in order to produce a cream soup formula, bean grits should be extruded at high temperature and as low moisture as possible, in our case 180 °C and 17% moisture. On the other hand, the effects of extrusion variables on iron and zinc dialyzability were not much affected.  相似文献   

Immunisation against ovine caseous lymphadenitis: efficacy of monocomponent Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid vaccine and combined clostridial-corynebacterial vaccines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

DG EGGLETON  CV DOIDGE  HD MIDDLETON  DW MINTY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(10):320-321

Sheep were immunised with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid formulated as a monocomponent vaccine with aluminium adjuvant or in combination with 5 clostridial antigens, and also in the combined form with sodium selenate. Immunised and control sheep were experimentally infected 16 days after vaccination and slaughtered and inspected after a further 3 months to determine their resistance to infection. All 3 vaccines afforded an equal and high level of protection; 91% of vaccinated sheep exhibiting no lesions of caseous lymphadenitis compared with 51.5% affected sheep in the control group. Average lesion counts were 1.2 per affected vaccinated sheep and 4.5 per affected control sheep. Antitoxin responses to the clostridial toxoids incorporated in the combined vaccines were not affected by inclusion of the C pseudotuberculosis toxoid or the sodium selenate.  相似文献   

Immunisation against ovine caseous lymphadenitis: comparison of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccines with and without bacterial cells   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

DG EGGLETON  HD MIDDLETON  CV DOIDGE  DW MINTY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(10):317-319

Sheep were immunised with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccines prepared from cell-free toxoid or from toxoid with formalin-killed cells of C pseudotuberculosis added. Resistance of sheep to infection was tested 6 months after immunisation by inoculation with caseous lymphadenitis pus. The outcome was assessed 3 months later by slaughter and inspection of the sheep for lesions of caseous lymphadenitis. immunised sheep were adequately protected against infection as shown by a significant reduction in the number of sheep exhibiting lesions compared with control sheep, and by fewer abscesses in affected vaccinated sheep than in affected control sheep. The protective potency of the vaccines was not improved by the inclusion of cells of C pseudotuberculosis.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from horses     

DG BUCKNELL  RB GASSER  A. IRVING  K. WHITHEAR 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(5):355-356

  相似文献   

Tiefgefrierkonservierung von Wasserbiiffelsperma     

Von  A.-R. Günzel  H.-J. Boehnke  J. Valencia  H. Fischer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1979,14(4):181-184

Inhalt: 55 Ejakulate cines asiatischen Wasserhuffels wurden nach der Ainitub-Methode ein-gefroren. Die durchschnittlichc Auftuurate tirtrug 62 % aktiu uorwartsbeweglicher Samenzellen. Von besonderer Redeutung war die so fortige Verdunnung des Samens zur Vermeidung irreuersibler Spermienagglutination und zur Aufliisung uon Protoplasmatropfen. Der Vergleich verschiedener Fixationsmedien zur Untersuchung der Akrosommorphologie weist auf deren unterschiedliche Brauchbarkeit fur frisches und gefrorenes Spermu hin. Auch individuelle Besonderheiten kiinnen nicht ausgeschlossen werden.  相似文献   

The effects of gender and slaughter weight on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of heavy pigs   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Latorre MA  Lázaro R  Valencia DG  Medel P  Mateos GG 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(2):526-533

Crossbred pigs (n = 192) from Piétrain x Large White sires mated to Landrace x Large White dams, with a mean BW of 75 +/- 1.3 kg, were used to investigate the effects of gender and slaughter weight (SW) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Pens of pigs (eight pigs/pen) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design with two genders (barrows or gilts) and three SW (116, 124, or 133 kg). Each treatment was replicated four times. Over the entire trial, barrows had higher (P < 0.001) ADFI (as-fed basis) and ADG than gilts; however, gilts had higher (P < 0.05) gain-to-feed ratios (G:F) than barrows. Barrows had lower (P < 0.01) dressing percents than gilts and produced fatter (P < 0.001) carcasses that had lower trimmed shoulder (P < 0.10) and ham (P < 0.001) yields than gilts. There was a trend for the semimembranosus muscle (SM) from barrows to have a higher (P < 0.10) 45-min pH than that of gilts, but 24-h pH was 0.11 pH unit higher (P < 0.01) in the SM of barrows than gilts. Gender had no (P > 0.10) effect on the moisture and lipid content of the longissimus muscle (LM), nor did gender affect (P > 0.10) LM color, myoglobin content, or thaw loss percentage. However, the LM from barrows had lower (P < 0.05) cooking loss percentages and tended to have lower (P < 0.10) shear force values than the LM from gilts. Pigs slaughtered at 116 kg had higher (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs slaughtered at 124 and 133 kg. Daily feed intake (as-fed basis) was not (P > 0.10) different among SW; however, pigs slaughtered at 116 and 124 kg had higher (P < 0.001) G:F than those slaughtered at 133 kg. Dressing percent, backfat depth, carcass length, and ham and shoulder weights increased (P < 0.001) as SW increased from 116 to 133 kg. The initial (45-min) pH of the SM from pigs slaughtered at 133 kg was higher (P < 0.05) than from pigs slaughtered at 116 or 124 kg; however, 24-h pH was not (P > 0.10) affected by SW. The LM from pigs slaughtered at 133 kg was darker (lower L* values; P < 0.001), redder (higher a* value; P < 0.01), and had more (P < 0.001) myoglobin than the LM of pigs slaughtered at 116 and 124 kg. Barrows and gilts of this particular crossbreed can be used to produce acceptable quality fresh pork when slaughtered at 116 kg; however, increasing SW to 124 kg, or more, decreased live pig performance and carcass leanness without any additional benefits to pork quality attributes.  相似文献