Improved physical control of glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on rice paddy levees in Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani  Yuki Tanno  Masayuki Yamashita  Hiroyuki Tobina  Minoru Ichihara  Yoshiki Ishida  Hitoshi Sawada 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(2):77-83

Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a non‐native annual winter grass that has seriously infested rice paddy levees and wheat fields in Japan. Recently, glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass was found on paddy levees in central Japan, thereby making control of the grass by using glyphosate less effective. In this study, physical control methods were tested that combined the timing and frequency of mowing in order to more effectively control glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass on rice paddy levees. A 3 year field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in a western region of Shizuoka Prefecture, where glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass has become dominant. Five treatments were tested: (i) mowing once before the flowering of the grass (i.e. conventional mowing measure); (ii) mowing once during flowering; (iii) mowing twice during flowering; (iv) glyphosate application before flowering (i.e. one of the conventional mowing measures); and (v) no treatment. The above‐ground biomass, seed production, soil seed bank and seedling occurrence of Italian ryegrass were measured to determine the effectiveness of these treatments. Mowing during the flowering period resulted in reduced above‐ground biomass, seed production and soil seed bank when compared with the other treatments. Additionally, mowing twice during the flowering period resulted in a lower seedling density than mowing once. The results suggest that, in this region, physical control by mowing during the flowering period would be more effective than conventional measures for controlling glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass.  相似文献   

The combined use of surgical debulking and diode laser photocoagulation for limbal melanoma treatment: a retrospective study of 21 dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Valentina Andreani  Adolfo Guandalini  Nunzio D'Anna  Chiara Giudice  Roberta Corvi  Nicola Di Girolamo  John S. Sapienza 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2017,20(2):147-154

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Cardiopulmonary effects of pleural insufflation with CO2 during two-lung ventilation in dorsally recumbent anesthetized horses     

Kaylee S. Bohaychuk-Preuss  M. Valentina Carrozzo  Tanya Duke-Novakovski 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):483-491

Objective

To record the cardiopulmonary effects of pleural CO₂ positive pressure insufflation in anesthetized horses.

Study design

Prospective study.

Animals

Seven horses (mean ± standard deviation, 530.9 ± 68.1 kg) undergoing terminal surgery.

Methods

Horses were sedated with xylazine. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine–propofol and maintained with isoflurane, positive pressure ventilation, detomidine infusion, and butorphanol with the horses in dorsal recumbency. Baseline measurements were cardiac output, heart rate, pulmonary and systemic arterial and right atrial blood pressures, body temperature, expired and inspired gas concentrations, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases, electrolytes, glucose, and lactate concentrations. An 18 gauge 6.6 cm needle was inserted into the right pleural cavity midway between the sternum and dorsal midline in the sixth or seventh intercostal space for pleural pressure (PP) measurement. A 14 gauge 18 cm needle placed 5 cm below the previous needle allowed CO₂ insufflation into the pleural cavity. All measurements were repeated after: needle insertion, at 2, 5, and 8 mmHg PPs, and after pleural gas removal (GR). Data were compared with baseline using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Actual PPs were within 1.1 mmHg of the targeted PP. Pulmonary systolic and mean arterial pressures, alveolar dead space to tidal volume ratio, and isoflurane requirements increased at 8 mmHg PP and GR. Cardiac index decreased at 5 mmHg PP. Stroke index decreased at 2 mmHg PP to GR. PaO₂ decreased at 5 mmHg PP to GR. PaCO₂ increased at 8 mmHg PP and GR. Oxygen delivery decreased at 5 and 8 mmHg PP. Intrapulmonary shunt fraction and lactate concentration increased with GR.

Conclusions and clinical relevance:

Severe adverse cardiopulmonary effects arise from CO₂ positive pressure insufflation into the right hemithorax in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. PP should be ≤2 mmHg.  相似文献   

Colloidal Carbon-Based Nanoparticles as Heavy Metal Adsorbent in Aqueous Solution: Cadmium Removal as a Case Study     

Valentina Gargiulo  Michela Alfè  Luciana Lisi  Carla Manfredi  Sabato Volino  Francesco Di Natale 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(5):192

Hydrophilic carbonaceous nanoparticles (HNPs) of uniform sizes with a good degree of dispersion in water were produced from a commercial carbon black by nitric acid treatment. The surface treatment, performed at different reaction times, generates a variable number of oxygen functional groups, mainly carboxylic, which enhance the nanoparticles hydrophilicity and heavy metal adsorption capability. The HNPs were characterized by a number of analytical techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, thermal and elemental analysis, N₂ adsorption, dynamic light scattering, and zeta-potential measurements. The acid–base properties of the functional groups on the HNPs surface were also investigated by coulometric–potentiometric titrations. Cadmium adsorption tests were carried out in stirred reactors containing colloidal aqueous suspensions of HNPs and HNPs supported over silica. The effects of several parameters, such as the cadmium concentration, the temperature, and the solution pH, were studied. Sorbents showed an appreciable cadmium adsorption capability at different temperatures and in a wide range of pH values comparable or superior to several carbon-based sorbents, indicating a feasible use in commercial units.  相似文献   

The recycling of brewer's processing by-product into ready-to-eat snacks using extrusion technology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Valentina Stojceska  Paul Ainsworth  Andrew Plunkett  Senol &#x;banoglu 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,47(3):469-479

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product of the brewing industry. The incorporation of BSG into ready-to-eat expanded products and its effects on the textural and functional properties of extrudates have been studied. Dried and milled BSG at levels of 10–30% was added to the formulation mix made of wheat flour, corn starch and other ingredients. The results obtained from the analysis of the extrudates are discussed in terms of the interaction between the ingredients and effects of processing conditions. The samples were processed in a twin-screw extruder with a combination of parameters including constant feeding rate of 25 kg/h, process temperatures 80–120 °C and screw speeds of 150–350 rpm. Pressure, torque and material temperature during extrusion were recorded. The extrudate properties of nutritional and textural characteristics were measured. Image technique investigations provided useful information on internal structure of the extruded products, total cell area, and their contribution to the appearance and texture. It was found that addition of BSG significantly increased protein content, phytic acid and bulk density, decreased sectional expansion index, individual area and total area of the cells. The higher level of BSG resulted in cells with thicker walls with a rougher surface.  相似文献   

Digitization of farinogram plots and estimation of mixing stability     

Valentina Stojceska  Francis Butler 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(3):729-733

Twenty-four farinograms and accompanying flour characteristics obtained from a bakery were used to get additional information for baking characteristics of flours. Farinograms were digitized and four novel parameters were included for comparison: a and b were extracted from an equation of the form y = ae^−bt; the height of the upper curve and the width of the farinograph curve at a time value equal to the dough development time. Stepwise multiple regressions were carried out relating bread volume to novel and existing parameters (water absorption, development time, arrival time, departure time, stability and degree of softening). Results indicated that four farinogram parameters, resistance, water absorption, a and b were related to bake height with an overall value of 61%. A relatively weak correlation (R = 0.44, P < 0.05) was detected between specific loaf volume and bake height.  相似文献   

Isolation of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle at slaughter in Italy.     

S Bonardi  E Maggi  A Bottarelli  M L Pacciarini  A Ansuini  G Vellini  S Morabito  A Caprioli 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,67(3):203-211

Cattle arriving for slaughter at a large abattoir in northern Italy between April 1997 and January 1998 were examined for intestinal carriage of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 using an immunomagnetic separation technique. Sixty sorbitol non-fermenting VTEC O157 strains were isolated from 59 (13.1%) of the 450 cattle examined. In particular, VTEC O157 was found in 37 (16.6%) of 223 feedlot cattle and in 22 (16.1%) of 137 dairy cull cows, but not in the 90 veal calves sampled. The isolation rate was higher during warm weather (17.5%), falling to an average of 2.9% during the winter months. VT-negative, O157 latex-agglutinating E. coli strains were isolated from 23 (5.1%) of the 450 animals. PCR analysis showed that all 60 VTEC O157 strains carried the VT2 gene and that 25 strains also carried the VT1 gene. In addition, four of the VT-negative, O157 latex-agglutinating E. coli strains carried the VT2 gene. Atypical biochemical features were observed in some VTEC O157: two strains (3.3%) showed beta-glucuronidase activity, and seven (11.7%) produced urease.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of flax accessions originating in the Alpine region: a case study for an ex situ germplasm evaluation based on molecular marker     

Eva-Maria Halbauer  Valentina Bohinec  Melanie Wittenberger  Karin Hansel-Hohl  Stephan Gaubitzer  Eva M. Sehr 《Euphytica》2017,213(6):120

Agro-biodiversity is currently experiencing severe genetic erosion due to mankind’s unsustainable activities. Because of initiatives following the goal of the conservation of biological diversity, so far seven million crop accessions are being conserved ex situ in gene banks worldwide. Many of these accessions are landraces being rich in gene diversity, silently awaiting their proper characterisation. This is a very critical part of any long-term strategy to enhance the productivity and resilience of crops and agricultural systems and—most importantly—to ensure the preservation of our cultural and biological heritage. In this study of an ex situ germplasm evaluation we analysed 27 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions originating in the Alpine region, provided by five local gene banks/providers. Based on genomic microsatellite markers (gSSRs), a varying extent of accession-specific gene diversity (expected heterozygosity, H_E) was revealed ranging from 0.05 to 0.51. Admixture of individuals between accessions was uncovered, pointing towards past processes related to gene bank management activities (e.g. intentional selection, unintentional cross-pollination during regeneration) or towards the evolution of the landrace itself (e.g. same regional origin, traditional naming), highlighting the co-existence of cultural and biological diversity. Such an genetic analysis of accessions stored ex situ not only produces valuable agronomic and breeding data, but also is useful for the clarification of past processes leading to duplicates within and between collections or mislabelling, contributing to the potential for rationalisation of collections, which in turn can help ensure that the limited resources available for regeneration are used most efficiently and effectively.  相似文献   

A scoring system for risk assessment of the introduction and spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy herds in Northern Italy     

Luzzago C  Frigerio M  Piccinini R  Daprà V  Zecconi A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(2):236-241

To support a voluntary disease control program, this study aimed to develop an integrated scoring system for the risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in dairy herds in Northern Italy. Sixty-two dairy herds were classified according to their BVDV serological status. Farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire on potential BVDV risk factors. Scores were used to define risk levels for factors related to (1) BVDV introduction (through livestock trade, attendance of animals at shows/exhibitions and grazing common pasture), (2) within-herd spread of BVDV and (3) the results of initial serological testing. The calculated odds ratios were significant for all categories, except for livestock trade. The application of the screening test, the questionnaire and the related risk assessment showed this to be a practical approach to predicting BVDV herd status.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in three small Italian dog breeds in Italy          下载免费PDF全文

Adolfo Guandalini  Nicola Di Girolamo  Roberta Corvi  Daniele Santillo  Valentina Andreani  Barbara Pinzo 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(5):524-529

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