Neglect of women in science     

Rubin V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5703):1891

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Bats,pangolins, minks and other animals - villains or victims of SARS-CoV-2?     

do Vale  Beatriz  Lopes  Ana Patrícia  Fontes  Maria da Conceição  Silvestre  Mário  Cardoso  Luís  Coelho  Ana Cláudia 《Veterinary research communications》2021,45(1):1-19

Veterinary Research Communications - Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has become unstoppable, spreading rapidly...  相似文献   

Geo‐Pedogenese mariner Rohmarschen Spiekeroogs     

Luise Giani  Vera Ahrens  Oliver Duntze  Sven Kruse Irmer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(3):370-378

Geo‐pedogenesis of Salic Fluvisols on the North Sea island of Spiekeroog Although the mainland's Salic Fluvisols of the southern North Sea coast are rich in carbonate, those of the adjacent island Spiekeroog are not. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the Salic Fluvisols of Spiekeroog in comparison to those of the mainland and to find out the reasons for the lack of carbonate, which was supposed to be an interaction between sedimentation and sulfur dynamics. The vegetation, many physical and chemical properties (e.g. pH, C_org, salinity, Fe_od, exchangeable cations, CEC) of the Spiekeroog Fluvisols are similar to those of the mainland. However, the Spiekeroog soil profiles extended over the marsh sediments, and the sand sediments below and they contained more silt and less clay and carbonate (0.3 – 34.5 g kg^–1) than the soils of the mainland. A survey proved carbonate‐free areas. The relatively moderate S dynamics showed a spatial and temporal stabile SO₄‐S‐fraction (0.3 – 0.6 mg g^–1), a fairly stabile HNO₃‐HCl‐S fraction (1.5 – 2.9 mg g^–1), but a variable HCl‐S fraction. The vertical Cs‐137 distribution showed peaks at 3 – 4 and 7 – 8 cm soil depth, indicating sedimentation rates of 0.2 – 0.5 cm a^–1. The results showed that moderate S dynamics lead to carbonate losses which are not compensated because of low sedimentation rates. Consequently, the Spiekeroog Salic Fluvisols will enter the terrestrial phase of soil development without carbonate. Thus, besides the usual pedogenesis of Eutric Fluvisols via Salic and Calcaric Fluvisols, the investigation proved a direct development from Salic to Eutric Fluvisols.  相似文献   

Generation of roasted notes based on 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline and its precursor, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole, by combined bio and thermal approaches     

Bel Rhlid R  Fleury Y  Blank I  Fay LB  Welti DH  Arce Vera F  Juillerat MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(8):2350-2355

Roasted notes contribute to the flavor of thermally processed foods such as meat and bread. 2-Acetyl-2-thiazoline is one of the key volatile compounds responsible for the roasted and popcorn-like aroma character. We report here on the biogeneration of flavoring preparations with intense roasted notes, which are characterized by a high content of 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline. These flavoring preparations were obtained by fermentation of cysteamine, ethyl-L-lactate, and D-glucose with baker's yeast. The precursor of 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole, was prepared under mild conditions by microbial reduction of the carbonyl group of 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline using baker's yeast as biocatalyst. The addition of 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole as aroma precursor to pizza dough resulted in an increase of the roasted note.  相似文献   

Alkylpyridiniums. 2. Isolation and quantification in roasted and ground coffees     

Stadler RH  Varga N  Milo C  Schilter B  Vera FA  Welti DH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):1200-1206

Recent model studies on trigonelline decomposition have identified nonvolatile alkylpyridiniums as major reaction products under certain physicochemical conditions. The quaternary base 1-methylpyridinium was isolated from roasted and ground coffee and purified by ion exchange and thin-layer chromatography. The compound was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H, (13)C) and mass spectrometry techniques. A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify the alkaloid in coffee by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The formation of alkylpyridiniums is positively correlated to the roasting degree in arabica coffee, and highest levels of 1-methylpyridinium, reaching up to 0.25% on a per weight basis, were found in dark roasted coffee beans. Analyses of coffee extracts also showed the presence of dimethylpyridinium, at concentrations ranging from 5 to 25 mg/kg. This is the first report on the isolation and quantification of alkylpyridiniums in coffee. These compounds, described here in detail for the first time, may have an impact on the flavor/aroma profile of coffee directly (e.g., bitterness), or indirectly as precursors, and potentially open new avenues in the flavor/aroma modulation of coffee.  相似文献   

Resistance of barley genotypes to brown leaf spot     

Jo?o?A.?Wordell?FilhoEmail author  Francisco?X.?R.?Vale  Ariano?M.?Prestes  Laércio?Zambolim 《Euphytica》2005,142(3):217-225

Resistance of 59 barley cultivars to three distinct isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana, causing brown leaf spot was tested on seedlings and adult plants in a screen house and in a growth room, by determination of disease incidence, disease severity, and rate of lesion expansion. The disease reaction and severity at the seedling stage differed among cultivars. The cultivars MNS Brite, NDB 112, Kindred, Parkland, and Oderbrucke were moderately resistant to brown leaf spot, but the resistance was partial to all three isolates. None genotype with complete resistance was found. The cultivars CI 9539, Svanhals, and Chevron, considered as sources of resistance, were classified as moderately susceptible, and susceptible, respectively. Disease severity, disease reaction, and incidence of B. sorokiniana in grains also differed among the cultivars at the adult plant stage. Nevertheless, none of the genotypes was resistant to B. sorokiniana. The rate of lesion expansion differed among cultivars BR 2, MN 698, Kitchin, Svanhals, and NDB 112, with NDB 112 having the slowest expansion rate (0.194–0.205 mm²/day).  相似文献   

Evaluation of L7-S1 nerve root pathology with low-field MRI in dogs with lumbosacral foraminal stenosis     

Vera Lichtenhahn DVM  Henning Richter Dr Med Vet PhD  Thomas Gödde Dr Med Vet  Patrick Kircher Dr Med Vet PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(5):947-957

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Physiologic effects of furosemide in combination with water restriction when administered at 4 and 24 hours prior to high-intensity treadmill training     

Heather K. Knych  W. David Wilson  Alina Vale  Philip H. Kass  Eugene P. Steffey  James H. Jones  Rick M. Arthur 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):565-576

Although controversial, due to its reported effectiveness in attenuating bleeding associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), furosemide is currently a permitted race day medication in most North American racing jurisdictions. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of furosemide in reducing the presence and severity of EIPH when administered 24 hr prior to strenuous treadmill exercise. Eight exercised Thoroughbred horses received saline or 250 mg of furosemide either 4 or 24 hr prior to high-speed treadmill exercise in a balanced 3-way cross-over design. Blood samples were collected for determination of furosemide, lactate, hemoglobin, blood gas, and electrolyte concentrations. Heart rate and pulmonary arterial pressure were measured throughout the run and endoscopic examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed. Horses were assigned an EIPH score and the number of red blood cells in BAL fluid determined. Although not significantly different, endoscopic EIPH scores were lower in the 4-hr versus the 24-hr and saline groups. RBC counts were not significantly different between the treatment groups. Pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly increased at higher speeds; however, there were no significant differences between dose groups when controlling for speed. A small sample size and unknown bleeding history warrant a larger-scale study.  相似文献   

Aortic,common carotid and external iliac artery arterial wall stiffness parameters in horses: Inter-day and inter-observer and intra-observer measurement variability     

L. Vera  D. De Clercq  E. Paulussen  G. Van Steenkiste  A. Decloedt  K. Chiers  G. van Loon 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(3):471-476

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Atrial premature depolarisations five days post electrical cardioversion are related to atrial fibrillation recurrence risk in horses     

I. Vernemmen  D. De Clercq  A. Decloedt  L. Vera  G. Van Steenkiste  G. van Loon 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(3):374-378

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