Synthesis and characterisation of some 4‐keto derivatives of 1,3,4(2H)‐isoquinolinetrione redox mediator herbicides     

Glynn Mitchell  Eric D Clarke  Stuart M Ridley  Kevin J Gillen  Shaheen K Vohra  Daren T Greenhow 《Pest management science》2000,56(2):127-132

Derivatives of 2‐ethyl‐1,3,4(2H)‐isoquinolinetrione in which the 4‐keto group has been modified to (Z)‐oxime, (E)‐ and (Z)‐O‐methyl oxime, (Z)‐N,N‐dimethyl hydrazone, cyano‐imine and dicyanomethylene moieties have been prepared and evaluated as redox mediator herbicides. All of the compounds have the free‐radical properties required to function as redox mediators, as determined by cyclic voltammetry, though only the O‐methyl oximes, the N,N‐dimethyl hydrazone and the cyano‐imine have reduction potentials in the range required to stimulate the light‐dependent consumption of oxygen at photosystem I in isolated chloroplasts. The O‐methyl oximes and the cyano‐imine are fast‐acting post‐emergence herbicides, producing symptoms of rapid desiccation; the (E)‐O‐methyl oxime is the most active herbicide, being somewhat more potent than the parent isoquinolinetrione. Hydrolysis studies indicate that it is unlikely that any compound generates the parent isoquinolinetrione in vivo. Attempts to explain differences between in vitro and in vivo activities using hydrolytic stabilities and physical properties were unsuccessful, and it was concluded that these factors probably play a less significant role in moderating the herbicidal activity of isoquinolinetrione derivatives than originally thought. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Measurement of Morphometric Dimensions and Mechanical Properties of Rohu Fish for Design of Processing Machines     

Jayraj P  Rajendra Machavaram  Gourav Sahu  Vikas Paradkar 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(2):150-164

Indian major carps (IMC) viz. rohu, catla, and mrigal are the most important fresh water species. They are marketed locally without post-harvest processing and value addition because of the lack of suitable processing machines. The present study was undertaken to measure the morphometric and mechanical properties of rohu fish for the development of fish processing machinery, and the same can be adjusted for the other IMC. Twenty-five samples of rohu fish (Labeo rohita) were caught, with weight ranging from 290 to 2,100 g (harvestable size). The measured morphometric dimensions were the body depth (10.14 ± 1.63 cm), thickness (5.9 ± 0.85 cm), head length (9.35 ± 1.04 cm), standard length (37.54 ± 4.17 cm), total length (45.89 ± 5.68 cm), and fish backbone thickness (11.2 ± 4.91 mm). Mechanical properties including the angle of repose over steel surface (20°–22°) and plastic surface (18°–20°) were recorded. The maximum power consumption for slicing the fish lengthwise was recorded as 460 W. The measured morphometric and mechanical properties are useful in limiting the adjustments, design of conveyors, capacity, and power requirement of fish processing machines for rohu fish.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of resistance in cotton to whitefly (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis>): antixenosis     

Vikas Jindal  G. S. Dhaliwal 《Phytoparasitica》2011,39(2):129-136

Screenhouse experiments were conducted under free-choice conditions to determine the mechanism of resistance operating in cotton against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Twelve cotton genotypes belonging to Gossypium hirsutum and G. arboreum were assessed for oviposition preference by whitefly. The trichome density and length, distance from lower leaf surface to nearest vascular bundles, leaf lamina thickness and compactness of vascular bundles were estimated for each genotype and correlations with number of eggs laid were determined. The genotypes RS2098, CNH911, and PA183 were non-preferred for oviposition and exhibited an antixenosis mechanism of resistance. NHH44, LK861, Supriya, RS2013 and LD694 were categorized as moderately resistant while IS-376/4/1/20/72 and F846 were categorized as susceptible. Greater leaf lamina thickness and more compact vascular bundles were correlated with egg laying by whitefly.  相似文献   

Prediction of hybrid performance based on the genetic distance of parental lines in two-line rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids     

Vikas Kumar Singh  Priti Upadhyay  Pallavi Sinha  Ashish Kumar Mall  Ranjith K. Ellur  Atul Singh  Sanjay K. Jaiswal  Sunil Biradar  S. Ramakrishna  R.M. Sundaram  Ilyas Ahmed  B. C. Viraktamath  C. Kole  Sukhpal Singh 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(1):1-10

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with F₁ performance (r = ?0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = ?0.325*; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = ?0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD), the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40–50: r = ?0.07; GGD = 70–80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding, two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.  相似文献   

Psychometric validation of a knowledge questionnaire on micronutrients among adolescents and its relationship to micronutrient status of 15-19-year-old adolescent boys, Hyderabad, India     

Augustine LF  Vazir S  Rao SF  Rao MV  Laxmaiah A  Ravinder P  Rao VV  Nair KM 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(7):1182-1189

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Hybrid necrosis in wheat: evolutionary significance or potential barrier for gene flow?     

V. K. Vikas  S. M. S. Tomar  M. Sivasamy  Jagdish Kumar  P. Jayaprakash  Arun Kumar  John Peter  R. Nisha  E. Punniakotti 《Euphytica》2013,194(2):261-275

One hundred and four released varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L ssp. aestivum) in India were crossed to two T. aestivum L ssp. aestivum testers, namely, C306 (Ne ₁ Ne ₁ ne ₂ ne ₂ ) and HD2329 (ne ₁ ne ₁ Ne ₂ Ne ₂ ) to determine the frequency and distribution of genes for hybrid necrosis present in them. Sixty-seven varieties (65.4 %) showed the presence of Ne ₂ gene and only eight varieties (7.7 %) had Ne ₁ gene in their background. Twenty-nine varieties (27.9 %) were non carrier (ne ₁ ne ₁ ne ₂ ne ₂ ) for both the genes. Most of the Ne ₁-carriers are of Indian origin and their pedigree revealed the involvement of landraces and old varieties as parents. Predominance of Ne ₂ gene in Indian varieties happened after the introduction of semi-dwarf Mexican wheat varieties, which are mostly Ne ₂ carriers and also due to the extensive and continuous use of germplasm from Mexican and European origin in the hybridization programme. Moreover varieties with Ne ₂ gene is selected for their linked beneficial traits mainly rust resistance genes. The phenomenon of hybrid necrosis is one among the post zygotic barrier speciation process which acts as a barrier for either intra or inter specific gene flow. The genetic architecture of hybrid necrosis in wheat is simple following the minimal predictions of the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model. Widespread occurrence of dominant genes for hybrid necrosis in Indian varieties is of great concern to wheat breeders as it often interferes in the choice of elite parents and imposes restrictions on the productivity of crosses.  相似文献   

Comparative assessment of purine nucleotides adenosine,guanosine and inosine monophosphates as functional supplements on growth and health performances of red sea bream,Pagrus major juvenile     

Md. Sakhawat Hossain  Nadia Mahjabin Sony  Shunsuke Koshio  Manabu Ishikawa  Sohel Mian  Vikas Kumar 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):187-197

Purine nucleotides regulate the cellular functions in the animal body. The current study evaluates the comparative efficacy of dietary purine nucleotides, that is, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and inosine monophosphate (IMP) in red sea bream Pagrus major. Semi‐purified basal diet was formulated (Control, D1) containing 550 g/kg protein, supplemented with purine nucleotides AMP, GMP and IMP at their optimum supplementation level (2, 4 and 4 g/kg) to formulate the experimental diet groups D2, D3 and D4, respectively. Initial weight of 3.5 ± 0.01 g fish was randomly fed test diets in triplicate. After 56 days, % weight gain (p = .003), specific growth rate (p = .003) and apparent lipid digestibility (p = .04) were significantly higher in fish fed diet group D4 followed by D3 and D2. Supplemented groups showed significantly higher feed intake in comparison to control (p = .001). Supplemented groups showed significantly increased and decreased NBT (p = .003) and CAT (p = .003) activity, respectively. Fish fed IMP supplemented diets had significantly lower blood urea nitrogen (p = .04), glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase (p = .04) and glutamic‐pyruvate transaminase (p = .001) followed by other supplemented groups. Supplemented diet groups showed enhanced stress resistance. Interestingly, D2 and D4 groups showed best oxidative stress status of fish. Therefore, these results indicated that among purine nucleotides, supplementation of IMP could be a more effective nucleotide as functional supplement in red sea bream diet.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of resistance in cotton to whitefly (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis>): Tolerance     

Vikas Jindal  G. S. Dhaliwal  A. K. Dhawan  V. K. Dilawari 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(3):249-254

Screen house experiments were conducted under no choice conditions, to determine the tolerance, a mechanism of resistance, in cotton under a population pressure of 150 and 300 pairs of whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Twelve cotton genotypes, viz., four resistant (NHH 44, Supriya, LD694 and PA 183), four susceptible (F 846, IS-376/4/1/20/72, LK 861 and RS 2013) and four with moderate reaction (T x Maroon 2-78, MRC 6304Bt, RS 2098 and CNH 911) to B. tabaci were assessed in terms of decrease in plant height, number of nodes and chlorophyll content (a, b and total) from control. The study revealed that all three characters are important to identify tolerance. A strong tolerance mechanism is operating in NHH 44. The genotypes LD 694 and PA 183 were rated as moderately tolerant, however, IS 376/4/1/20/72, Tx Maroon 2-78, MRC 6304Bt, F 846 and CNH 911 exhibited no tolerance mechanism and were categorized as the most susceptible genotypes.  相似文献   

Synthesis,optical properties,dyeing study of dihydropyrimidones (DHPMs) skeleton: Green and regioselectivity of novel Biginelli scaffold from Lawsone     

Sharad R. Patil  Amol S. Choudhary  Vikas S. Patil  Nagaiyan Sekar 《Fibers and Polymers》2015,16(11):2349-2358

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Short-term salt and PEG stresses regulate expression of MicroRNA, <Emphasis Type="Italic">miR159</Emphasis> in sugarcane leaves     

Vikas Yadav Patade  Penna Suprasanna 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(3):177-182

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