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61.
Serpen A Capuano E Fogliano V Gökmen V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7676-7681
The measurement of antioxidant activity was limited to soluble components to date. Functional groups, which are bound to insoluble matters, may exert antioxidant activity by a surface reaction phenomenon. This hypothesis was tested on the insoluble matters of foods, food ingredients, and Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Insoluble matters were prepared by consecutive washes with water and methanol followed by a lyophilization of the insoluble residue. The measurement was performed by a new procedure using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) colored radicals. These insoluble matters always showed antioxidant activity. Alkali hydrolysis reduced up to 90% the antioxidant activity of cereal-based insoluble matters, thus confirming that fiber-bound compounds have a major role in their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the insoluble MRPs was not significantly affected by processing conditions, but severe treatments increased the ratio between insoluble and soluble matters. The contribution of insoluble matter to total antioxidant activity was limited for fruits and vegetables, but it was relevant for cereal-based foods and increased over 50% for dietary-fiber-rich ingredients. 相似文献
62.
Fontanini D Capocchi A Muccilli V Saviozzi F Cunsolo V Saletti R Foti S Galleschi L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10452-10460
The proteins belonging to the cereal trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor family are abundant water/salt-soluble flour proteins active against alpha-amylases from several seed parasites and pests and inactive against endogenous alpha-amylases. Three alpha-amylase inhibitor families have been described in cereals that vary in size and are differently expressed among Triticeae seeds. The present work investigates the presence of human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitors in emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) flour. The isolation was obtained by a series of chromatography steps, and the purification progress was monitored through the inhibition of human salivary alpha-amylase activity. The purified fraction was subjected to protein sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) of the tryptic digests obtained after the sample separation on 2-DE. MSMS data indicated that the emmer alpha-amylase inhibitory fraction was composed of two newly identified proteins [emmer dimeric inhibitor 1 (EDI-1) and emmer dimeric inhibitor 2 (EDI-2)] sharing very high identity levels with related proteins from Triticum aestivum. 相似文献
63.
Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, S equi subspecies zooepidemicus, and S dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis are β-hemolytic Streptococci, often isolated from horses with respiratory or genital diseases. The aim of this study was (i) defining and validating a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for identifying these Streptococci in bacterial cultures and for detecting them directly in equine clinical specimens, and (ii) defining and validating a cheap DNA extraction protocol for clinical specimens. When respiratory and genital samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic horses were tested by bacterial culture and by multiplex PCR, all the 150 samples culture-positive for S equi, S zooepidemicus, or S equisimilis were also positive by PCR. Of 150 culture-negative samples, 143 were negative by PCR. Seven samples were positive by PCR but negative by bacteriology. The multiplex PCR protocol described in this study is proven suitable for a sensitive, specific, and rapid detection and identification of S equi, S zooepidemicus, and S equisimilis in cultured bacterial colonies, as well as in clinical specimens from symptomatic or asymptomatic horses. The inclusion of internal control primers in the PCR protocol excludes false-negative results. A cheap DNA extraction method has been also validated for swabs, tracheal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and guttural pouches lavage samples. 相似文献
64.
65.
A survey of chemical and nutritional characteristics of halophytes plants used by camels in Southern Tunisia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Laudadio V Tufarelli V Dario M Hammadi M Seddik MM Lacalandra GM Dario C 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(2):209-215
The camel (Camelus dromedarius) is well adapted to the utilization of vegetation of low nutritional value in its natural habitat zone, thanks to its aptitude
to vary food and to search plants that are rich in water content and that can make up for its nutritional deficits, particularly
as concerns mineral elements. Therefore, a survey was carried out to determine camels pasture quality, dietary preference
and to characterize the chemical characteristics and nutritional value of different halophytes plants in a region of Southern
Tunisia during spring season. Laboratory analysis were conducted on fourteen vegetable species appertained to seven different
botanical families: Chenopodiaceae, Graminaceae, Tamaricaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Frankeniaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Data obtained indicate an high variability of nutritional content of halophytes plants preferred by camels, specially for
dry matter, crude protein, fiber fractions, ash and mineral elements. 相似文献
66.
A case of a feline Merkel cell tumour is described. An 8-year-old, female cat developed a round, alopecic, reddish mass on the nose. Wide excisional surgery was performed with cartilage resection. Histologically the mass was composed of solid islands of mostly basophilic densely packed cells with a scant cytoplasm, which was suggestive of a neuroendocrine origin. Results of immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against neurone-specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin and pan-cytokeratin allowed classification of the lesion as a Merkel cell tumour. Ultrastructurally, dense core granules were identified in the cytoplasm. In a 2-year follow-up no relapses or metastases were observed. The clinical course recorded is in contrast with the malignant nature of a Merkel cell tumour recently described in a cat and of the human Merkel cell tumour, but is similar to the course of the canine Merkel cell tumour which is often benign. Early diagnosis along with the use of wide surgical excision might be considered an important factor in preventing relapse of this tumour. 相似文献
67.
Cringoli G Otranto D Testini G Buono V Di Giulio G Traversa D Lia R Rinaldi L Veneziano V Puccini V 《Veterinary research》2002,33(4):421-428
This investigation was carried out in an area covering part of three southern Italian regions: Campania, Basilicata and Apulia. Eighty-one farms were involved using the formula suggested by Thrusfield; they were equally distributed over the area which was subdivided into 81 geo-referenced sub-areas. In May and June 1999 from a total of 506 cattle, older than 18 months, blood-samples were taken and ticks were collected and identified. Serum samples were tested for antibodies of Bahesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale with an ELISA technique. Eight farms (9.8%) out of the 81 examined were positive for B. bigemina only, 3 (3.7%) for A. marginale only, and 70 (86.4%) for both. None of the animals of any farm was found to be positive for B. bovis. Out of the 506 sera tested, 117 (23.1 %) were positive for B. bigemina only, 58 (11.5%) forA. marginale only and 250 (49.4%) for both species; 81 (16.0%) were negative for all of them. Ticks were collected on animals on 62 (76.5%) out of the 81 farms. Adult ticks (1 410) were collected and identified; the highest number belonged to the Rhipicephalus bursa species (65.5%), followed by Rhipicephalus turanicus (8.6) and Haemaphysalis punctata (8.4). The results showed that B. bigemina, A. marginale and their potential vectors are common in the area examined and indicated that there is a risk for animals imported from tick-borne disease-free areas. 相似文献
68.
Tiziana Poli Chiara B. Vicentini Vincenzo Brandolini Augusto C. Veronese Maurizio Manfrini Mario Guarneri Paolo Giori 《Pest management science》1989,25(2):161-169
Thirty 6-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were synthesised and tested for antifungal activity in vitro against ten phytopathogenic fungi of different taxonomic classes. Six of the compounds had noteworthy activity against Sclerotinia minor, Corticium solani and Phoma betae. The relationships between structure and activity are discussed on the basis of the present and previous studies. 相似文献
69.
Giuseppe Lima Filippo De Curtis Raffaello Castoria Vincenzo De Cicco 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(4):341-349
The biocontrol yeast isolates Rhodotorula glutinis LS11, Cryptococcus laurentii LS28 and Aureobasidium pullulans LS30 were tested against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on apples artificially inoculated and stored at 3 and 20 °C. Isolates LS28 and LS30 were most effective, consistently resulting in high reductions of fungal decay, while isolate LS11 was effective only on apples stored at 3 °C. The yeasts showed good in vitro resistance to dicarboximides and copper fungicides, while they were inhibited by triazoles. Isolate LS11, in contrast to LS28 and LS30, was also inhibited by benzimidazoles. The yeasts were tested on naturally-infected apples in semi-commercial conditions for 2 years. They were applied twice: soon after harvesting and 20 days later, at the beginning of the cold storage. The antagonists significantly reduced fungal decay when combined with a low dosage of benomyl showing an activity comparable to that exerted by the fungicide alone at full dosage. Periodical monitoring of the epiphytic biocontrol yeast populations in both the field and cold room showed a good rate of survival of the antagonists on the skin of treated apples. Specific fingerprints relying on amplified restriction length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to integrate the morphology-based monitoring of the yeasts. 相似文献
70.
Esterina Fazio Pietro Medica Vincenzo Aronica Loredana Grasso Adriana Ferlazzo 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):6