Origin of maternally transferred antibodies against rabies in foxes (Vulpes vulpes)     

Vos A  Schaarschmidt U  Muluneh A  Müller T 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(1):16-18

During previous experiments, maternal antibodies against rabies were detected in the sera of fox cubs whelped by orally immunised vixens. These antibodies appear to be transferred exclusively via the colostrum. No evidence of maternally transferred immunity in the form of immunoglobulin G was found in 80 fox embryos collected from 19 rabies-immune vixens originating from areas where oral rabies vaccine baits had been distributed.  相似文献   

Thermo-stability of the oral rabies virus vaccines SAD B19 and SAD P5/88     

Vos A  Neubert A 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(10):428-432

The thermo-stability of two widely used oral rabies vaccine viruses, SAD B19 and SAD P5/88, was examined under various laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, both vaccine viruses were kept at 35 degrees C and titrated after 3 days. The titer of both vaccine viruses was also determined after 4 and 7 days when stored at 20 degrees C. Furthermore, vaccine baits were placed in three different micro-environments during two successive 21-day observation periods (11.9.01-2.10.01 and 2.10.01-23.10.01); (i) wooded area--location A, (ii) grassy meadow--location B, and (iii) barren soil--location C. Baits were re-collected 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21 days after distribution and the vaccine virus was subsequently titrated. The temperature stress for the vaccine baits was highest at location C, followed by location B and the lowest at location A. The vaccine baits were exposed to higher temperatures and higher temperature fluctuations at location B and C during trial I than during trial II. However, for both vaccines the loss of titer was more pronounced during trial II than during trial I. It is therefore suggested that under the given climatic conditions, the stability of the virus was hardly influenced by the temperatures and temperature fluctuations.  相似文献   

Further identification of races of Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva) on tomato originating from the Netherlands France and Poland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pim Lindhout  Wanda Korta  Margonata Cislik  Ingrid Vos  Thijs Gerlagh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(3):143-148

Races ofCladosporium fulvum, which can overcome the resistance of the genes Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₅, Cf₈, Cf₉ and Cf₁₁ have appeared in the Netherlands, France and Poland. Known isolates from the Netherlands and France and three new isolates from Poland have been investigated for the presence of virulence genes using a set of genotypes carrying resistance genes Cf₂ to Cf₁₁.Several Dutch isolates of races, earlier designated as 2.4, 2.4.5 and 2.4.5.9, were found to break down the resistance gene Cf₁₁. These races must therefore be designated as 2.4.11, 2.4.5.11 and 2.4.5.9.11 respectively. In the new Polish isolates virulence genes, overcoming the resistance genes Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₈, Cf₉ and Cf₁₁ were found. Since all races able to grow on genotypes with Cf₄, could also grow on genotypes carrying Cf₈, it was impossible to discriminate between the genes Cf₄ and Cf₈. These Polish isolates were designated as races 4.11, 2.4.11 and 2.4.9.11. The consequences of the occurrence of these races for tomato breeding are discussed.Samenvatting Fysio's vanCladosporium fulvum, die de resistentie-genen Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₅, Cf₈, Cf₉ en Cf₁₁ kunnen doorbreken, zijn in Nederland, Frankrijk en Polen opgetreden. Met behulp van een groep genotypen, die de resistentie genen Cf₂ tot en met Cf₁₁ dragen, zijn Nederlandse, Franse en enkele nieuwe Poolse isolaten onderzocht op de aanwezigheid van virulentiegenen. Enkele Nederlandse isolaten, eerder aangeduid met 2.4, 2.4.5. en 2.4.5.9, bleken het resistentie-gen Cf₁₁ te kunnen doorbreken. Deze moeten daarom aangeduid worden als respectievelijk 2.4.11, 2.4.5.11 en 2.4.5.9.11. In de nieuwe Poolse isolaten werd virulentie gevonden voor Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₈, Cf₉ en Cf₁₁. Alle fysio's die op genotypen met Cf₄ konden groeien, groeiden ook op genotypen met Cf₈. Daarom kon geen ondersheid gemaakt worden tussen Cf₄ en Cf₈. De Poolse isolaten behoren tot de fysio's 4.11, 2.4.11 en 2.4.9.11. De gevolgen van het voorkomen van deze fysio's voor de tomateveredeling worden besproken.  相似文献   

Allelic test proves genes Cf4 and Cf8 for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva) on tomato to be undistinguishable     

M. Gerlagh  W. H. Lindhout  I. Vos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(6):357-359

In an allelic test it was proven that the genes Cf₄ and Cf₈ for resistance toC. fulvum in tomato are undistinguishable, confirming a recent suggestion that Cf₈ does nott provide a novel source for resistance toC. fulvum.Samenvatting In een allelie-toets werd aangetoond dat de genen Cf₄ en Cf₈ voor resistentie tegenC. fulvum van tomaat niet te onderscheiden zijn. Hiermee werd een recente suggestie bevestigd, dat Cf₈ geen nieuwe resistentie tegenC. fulvum verschaft.  相似文献   

Incidence of osteochondrosis (dissecans) in Dutch warmblood horses presented for pre-purchase examination     

Vos NJ 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(1):33-37

Data are lacking in the literature regarding the incidence of osteochondrosis (dissecans) [OC(D)] in relation to lameness evaluation in Dutch Warmblood horses. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of radiological abnormalities consistent with osteochondrosis or osteochondrosis dissecans in 1,231 sound Dutch Warmblood (DW) horses presented for pre-purchase examination. Standardised (Dutch) pre-purchase examination protocols were evaluated. The pre-purchase examination included a clinical, lameness and radiological evaluation, performed at a private equine clinic in the Netherlands. Radiographical examination included views of the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal, metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP), tarsocrural (TC) and femoropatellar (FP) joints. Radiographical evidence of OC(D) was found in 44.3% of clinically sound DW horses. In this study, 443 horses (36%, n = 1,231) had evidence of OCD and 102 horses (8.3%, n = 1,231) had evidence of OC on pre-purchase radiographs. The results also indicated that the TC joints were significantly more likely to be affected. A considerable number of horses did not demonstrate any lameness, although radiographs revealed OC(D).  相似文献   

Conservative treatment of a comminuted cervical fracture in a racehorse     

Vos Nj 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(4):244-247

The 'classical' or 'Hangman' neck fracture involves the odontoid peg (process) of the second cervical vertebra (C2), and is described as an axial, dens or odontoid peg fracture in both the veterinary and human literature. Possible surgical treatment in both foals and adult horses requires a technique that allows decompression, anatomical alignment and stabilisation of the odontoid fracture. A limited number of surgical cases in foals have been reported in literature, but never in an adult horse. A mature Irish Thoroughbred racehorse was diagnosed with a type 2a odontoid peg fracture. Clinical signs included reluctance to move the head and neck, a left hind limb lameness and a neurological status of grade 2. The horse was treated conservatively and raced successfully five months after the diagnosed injury.  相似文献   

Genetic population differentiation and connectivity among fragmented Moor frog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana arvalis</Emphasis>) populations in The Netherlands     

Paul Arens  Theo van der Sluis  Wendy P. C. van’t Westende  Ben Vosman  Claire C. Vos  Marinus J. M. Smulders 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(10):1489-1500

We studied the effects of landscape structure, habitat loss and fragmentation on genetic differentiation of Moor frog populations in two landscapes in The Netherlands (Drenthe and Noord-Brabant). Microsatellite data of eight loci showed small to moderate genetic differentiation among populations in both landscapes (F _ST values 0.022 and 0.060, respectively). Both heterozygosity and population differentiation indicate a lower level of gene flow among populations in Noord-Brabant, where populations were further apart and have experienced a higher degree of fragmentation for a longer period of time as compared to populations in Drenthe. A significant isolation-by-distance pattern was found in Drenthe, indicating a limitation in dispersal among populations due to geographic distance. In Noord-Brabant a similar positive correlation was obtained only after the exclusion of a single long-time isolated population. After randomised exclusion of populations a significant additional negative effect of roads was found but not of other landscape elements. These results are discussed in view of improving methodology of assessing the effects of landscape elements on connectivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Cerebral babesiosis in a new-born calf.     

A J De Vos  G D Imes  J S Cullen 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1976,43(2):75-78

A case of intra-uterine transmission of Babesia bovis is reported. The calf was born normally but showed signs of intravascular haemolysis and nervous involvement 24 h after birth. It died shortly afterwards from cerebral babesiosis. The dam was not clinically affected.  相似文献   

Investigation on the susceptibility to club root     

W. Scheijgrond  H. Vos 《Euphytica》1954,3(2):125-139

Summary Club root (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is a destructive disease of several cruciferous crops in practically all countries. The cultivation of resistant varieties offers the best possibility for control.This disease causes in some areas of the Netherlands considerable damage to turnips which are frequently grown as a catch crop in many regions; other cruciferous crops are generally grown on a much smaller scale.On badly infested plots we found a yield reduction ranging from 35–80%, depending on the method of calculation. In foreign literature (Findley, Van Slijcken andLindfors) figures ranging between 15–100% are reported.Crops and varieties with an abundant foliage give with an equal infection a smaller yield reduction than crops and varieties with a smaller amount of leaves.The affected part has a somewhat higher dry matter content and a higher N-content in the dry matter. The content of sugar is considerably lower.Resistance of some crops and of many turnip and swede varieties has been investigated by means of field experiments, carried out in several years. The infection by club root fluctuates, so that a great many replications are required.Table 1 gives a summary of the susceptibility of some fodder crops. Contrary toKarling and others we found that Chinese radish is not immune.As to the turnip types we refer to Table 2. The varieties belonging to the types Halflong green top yellow, Halflong purple top white, Flat round yellow turnip, and Round yellow-fleshed turnip are less susceptible than varieties belonging to the other types. Within the type Halflong purple top white to which the principal varieties of the Netherlands can be ranged, there appears to exist the greatest variation in susceptibility. Several foreign varieties stated as resistant were more or less badly affected (Table 3).The percentage of destroyed plants correlates with the percentage of affected plants.Resistance may correlate with sweet taste. Some resistant varieties are now being investigated in the Netherlands.The results of some of our trials suggested the existence of physiological strains of club root within the crop turnips. Several examples of such physiological races in various crops have been mentioned in literature.In breeding work we consider it advisable to allow for the existence of physiological strains of club root within the crop turnips.

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Samenvatting Knolvoet (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is in praktisch alle landen een belangrijke ziekte voor verschillende kruisbloemige gewassen. De verbouw van resistente rassen biedt nog de beste perspectieven voor de bestrijding, omdat andere maatregelen vaak op practische bezwaren stuiten.Deze ziekte veroor zaakt in sommige streken van Nederland nogal schade bij het gewas stoppelknollen, dat in tal van streken veelvuldig wordt verbouwd; andere kruisbloemige gewassen worden gewoonlijk minder intensief verbouwd.Op zwaar besmette percelen constateerden wij een opbrengstderving van 35–80 %, afhangende van de wijze van berekening. In de buitenlandse literatuur (Findley, van Slijcken enLindfords) vindt men opgaven van 15 %– 100 %, verband houdende met vatbaarheid der rassen en zwaarte van besmetting. Schade kan veroorzaakt worden door wegvallen van zeer jonge planten, groeiremming, aantasting van het te oogsten deel of door snelle rotting.Bladrijke gewassen en bladrijke rassen geven bij gelijke aantasting een geringere oogstderving dan minder bladrijke gewassen en rassen.Het aangetaste deel heeft een wat hoger drogestofgehalte en een hoger N-gehalte in de drogestof. Het suikergehalte is belangrijk lager.Door middel van veldonderzoek op een achttal percelen, uitgevoerd in verschillende jaren, is de resistentie van enkele gewassen en bij stoppelknollen en koolrepen van vele rassen nagegaan. De besmetting door knolvoet is per perceel wisselvallig, zodat zeer veel herhalingen gewenst zijn.Tabel 1 geeft een indruk van de vatdaarheid van enkele voedergewassen.In tegenstelling metscKarling en anderen voden wij, dat Chinese zomeramenas niet immuun is. Bij koolrapen waren de ,,Gele groenkoppen enigszins resistent in vergelijking met andere rassen.Voor de stoppelknollentypen zij verwezen naar tabel 2. De rassen behorend rot de typen ,,Halflange gele groenkop, ,,Halflange witte blauwkop, ,,Platronde gele, Platronde gele en Ronde gele (Gele boterknollen) zijn minder vatbaar dan ressen behorende tot de overige typen. Binnen het type Halflange witte blauwkop, waaronder de belangrijkste rassen in Nederland gerangschikt kunnen worden, blijkt de grootste variatie in vatbaarheid te bestaan. Verschillende buitenlandse, als resistent beoordeelde rassen werden meer of minder zwaar aangetast (tabel 3).Het percentage weggevallen planten correleert met het percentage aangetaste planten.Resistentie lijkt wel verenigbaar met zachte smaak. In Nederland zijn thans enige resistente rassen in onderzoek.Op enkele proefvelden gaven de uitkomsten ons aaleiding tot de veronderstelling, dat er physio's bestaan binnen het gewas stoppelknollen.Er zijn verschillende voorbeelden in de literatuur vermeld van physio's bij verschillende gewassen.Er is verder nog een voorbeeld gegeven, waaruit blijkt, dat men voorzichtig moet zijn met conclusies hierover.Bij de veredeling lijkt het ons gewenst met de mogelijkheid van het bestaan van verschillende physio's binnen het gewas stoppelknollen rekening en houden.

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Chrysanthemum virus B,its serological diagnosis in chrysanthemum,and its relationship to the potato viruses S and M and to carnation latent virus     

F. A. Hakkaart  D. H. M. van Slogteren  Neeltje P. de Vos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1962,68(2):126-135

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