大豆和百脉根古老原核基因的全基因组鉴定与比较分析     

韦兴燚  李昱  刘文献  金小煜  闵学阳  张正社  NdayambazaBoniface  王彦荣 《草业学报》2018,27(11):49-57

在漫长的进化过程中,高等真核生物从原核生物中获取了大量基因,对这些基因进行鉴定分析,可为研究高等植物系统演化及基因组水平比较分析提供理论依据。为了进一步解析大豆和百脉根古老原核基因在其基因组中所起的作用及进化关系,本研究利用生物信息学技术对大豆和百脉根基因组古老原核基因进行全基因组鉴定,并对其特征及功能进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,大豆(40.6%)古老原核基因的占比高于百脉根(33.9%),且多分布于内共生细胞器线粒体、叶绿体中。此外,古老原核蛋白质的结构域在大豆和百脉根基因组中的分布相似,表明其在大豆和百脉根进化过程中具有较高的共线性和保守性。通过GO注释发现大豆与百脉根中古老原核蛋白主要分布在膜系统、细胞、细胞组分中。在分子功能上,大豆古老原核蛋白更多地参与代谢和发育过程,这可能与其接受了更多的人为选育有关。在生物过程中,古老原核蛋白更多参与催化反应和结合反应,主要以酶的形式在发挥作用。通过比较分析,本研究揭示了古老原核蛋白在大豆和百脉根中进化的独特模式,可为其他豆科植物基因组分析提供一定理论基础。  相似文献   

羊草叶绿体非编码区多态性标记筛选及群体遗传多样性     

杨艳婷  侯向阳  魏臻武  乔志宏  常春  任卫波  武自念 《草业学报》2018,27(10):147-157

为筛选多态性丰富的羊草叶绿体非编码区片段,本研究以9个不同地理位置的羊草居群为材料,通过对12个叶绿体非编码区DNA片段测序及其序列间变异分析试图从中找出有遗传差异的叶绿体DNA(cpDNA)片段,并利用有多态性的cpDNA片段进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,序列ndhF-rpl32、trnL-trnF、trnC-ycf6、aptI-aptH具有比较丰富的变异,可作为下一步研究野生羊草群体遗传学和谱系地理学较为理想的分子标记。在37个羊草个体4条非编码区片段的合并序列中,共检测到15种单倍型,单倍型多态性(Hd)为0.928,核苷酸多态性(Pi)为0.00101;遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.58884,基因流(Nm)为0.17,基因流较小;中性检验Tajima’s D(-1.08542)和Fu’s Fs(-5.301)均为负值,且差异不显著(P>0.10),推测羊草遵循中性进化理论,可能经历过种群扩张;AMOVA结果显示,65%的分子变异出现在居群间,35%出现在居群内;Mantel检验得到,遗传距离与地理距离具有显著相关性(r=0.449,P<0.05);居群分化值Nst 0.386(0.1865)大于Gst 0.234(0.1506),差异显著(P<0.05),表明羊草居群存在分子谱系地理结构。通过系统发育树分析得到,羊草15个单倍型分为两大分支,H2和H10聚为一支,它们与别的居群个体亲缘关系较远,其余单倍型聚为另一支;单倍型网络图显示,H2和H12、H10和H12亲缘关系较远,与系统发育树分析结果基本一致。本研究为羊草的种质资源保护、谱系地理学研究等工作奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene          下载免费PDF全文

Yang Zhao  Yuedong Xuan  Daolin Mou  Hong Liu  Pan Zhou  Zhengfeng Fang  Lianqiang Che  Shengyu Xu  Bin Feng  Jian Li  Xuemei Jiang  Yan Lin  De Wu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1340-1350

The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB₁₂, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor.  相似文献   

Effects of five cryoprotectants on proliferation and differentiation‐related gene expression of frozen‐thawed bovine calf testicular tissue          下载免费PDF全文

Hao Li  Yi‐Lin Bian  Nicola Schreurs  Xiao‐Gang Zhang  Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza  Qian Fang  Li‐Qiang Wang  Jian‐Hong Hu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(5):1211-1218

The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a potential method for preserving male fertility. However, the effect of cryopreservation on bovine calf testicular tissue is scarce. This study investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on bovine calf testicular tissue at the molecular level. Testicular tissue from ten immature bovine calves (6 months) was collected after slaughter and cryopreserved in an extender containing different concentrations of the following five cryopreservation solutions (CP): bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose with 5% DMSO, DMSO and glycerol and ethylene glycol (EG). After 7‐day cryopreservation, the expression levels of three spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)‐related genes, octamer‐4 (OCT4), KIT ligand (MGF/SCF) and kit oncogene (C‐KIT), were investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cell viability was highest for the tissues preserved with 30 mg/ml BSA (77.82% ± 1.22) and 40 mg/ml trehalose (74.23% ± 1.16) compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and the level of expression of the three genes was highest with 30 mg/ml BSA (p < 0.05). Compared with other CPs, the 30 mg/ml BSA and 40 mg/ml trehalose have the better cryopreserve protection. The 30 mg/ml BSA is the most viable media for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue from cattle.  相似文献   

基质对黑果腺肋花楸幼苗生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张成霞  孙燕  蔡灿  王香港  吴红 《草业科学》2018,35(3):574-580

以黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa)为试验材料,选用田园土、泥炭土、珍珠岩和黄沙,采用正交试验设计,研究不同基质配比对黑果腺肋花楸成苗率以及幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,不同育苗基质对黑果腺肋花楸出苗率、苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数和高径比等形态指标以及根系活力、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质等生理指标的影响差异显著,综合分析各项指标,筛选出适合黑果腺肋花楸容器育苗的栽培基质为田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+珍珠岩(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+珍珠岩(30%)和田园土(60%)+泥炭土(20%)+黄沙(20%)。  相似文献   

苜蓿抗旱生理与分子机制     

李莎莎  李红  杨伟光  杨曌  王晓龙  柴华 《草业科学》2018,35(2):331-340

苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是我国乃至全世界最优质的豆科牧草之一,具有较高的经济价值、营养价值和生态价值。然而我国的苜蓿种植大多集中在干旱半干旱的西北、东北一带,水分是影响其产量的主要因素。本文通过对比光合呼吸系统、活性氧防御系统、渗透调节系统、脱落酸等在干旱胁迫下的变化分析了苜蓿抵御干旱胁迫的生理机制,同时对转录因子、蛋白酶基因和抗旱基因在苜蓿干旱胁迫下的应答过程进行了阐述,并对未来苜蓿应答干旱胁迫的研究重点进行了展望。  相似文献   

内蒙古羊屠宰场致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌污染状况分析     

杨永青  姚一萍  史培  赵格  狄彩霞  莎娜  李秀萍  栗艳芳  骆洪 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(6):37-41

为了解内蒙古地区羊屠宰场各屠宰环节致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的携带情况,评估是否存在污染风险,选取不同规模屠宰场,用棉拭子法分别采集不同屠宰环节样品349份,36 h内进行试验;应用PCR方法分离鉴定病原菌,对鉴定为致泻性大肠杆菌的分离株进行16S r DNA测序并构建系统发育树。结果显示:从刚宰杀的羊胴体表面和环境中共分离到致泻性大肠杆菌12株,其中11株携带毒力基因elt,1株携带毒力基因eae和elt;大中型屠宰场(1.21%)的致泻性大肠杆菌阳性率低于小型屠宰场(5.43%),不同规模屠宰场的预冷间均未检出致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌;从屠宰环境中分离出1株携带inv A基因的沙门氏菌,阳性率为0.29%;经高压冲洗和排酸预冷等屠宰工艺后,在羊胴体表面均未发现致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。  相似文献   

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Yellow-green Leaf Mutant w390 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Qing DONG  Ying-xin ZHANG  Zhen-hua ZHANG  Quan ZHOU  Ya-zhi QIN  Hong WANG  Shi-hua CHENG  Li-yong CAO  Xi-hong SHEN 《中国水稻科学》2015,29(3):241

  相似文献   

Research Progress on Bacterial Resistance in Environment     

ZHU Zhen  LI Bing  ZHOU Xu-zheng  WEI Xiao-juan  CHENG Fu-sheng  ZHANG Ji-yu 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(12):3368-3374

Antibiotic resistance genes have become a recognized environmental pollutant, threatening the ecological safety and human health. The application of antibiotics in the clinical and animals breeding, making the environmental microorganisms living with the impact of the residue of antibiotics and elements of resistance genetic and leading to antibiotic resistant bacteria to gain a competitive advantage and destroyed the stability of ecosystem. In this paper, we expounded the concept of resistance gene transmission by the view of macro environment. Through analyzing the mechanism of resistance development,environmental pollution caused by drug resistance and the impact of environmental microorganism for drug resistance, we clarified the key role of the environment in the development of the characteristics of bacterial resistance and analysis environmental resistance.Such as the ecological diversity of flora, the types and the spread of resistant bacteria, the residues of antibiotics and the transmission of the resistance genes.  相似文献   

干旱区工业废渣粉煤灰回填材料拌合物的流动性能研究     

王智远  张宏  钱劲松  凌建明  袁秋 《干旱区资源与环境》2015,29(4):160-165

针对干旱区存在大量的粉煤类废弃物及回填工程中作业面受限或结构物死角存在压实不到位的工程问题,提出以粉煤灰为主要成分、以及部分砂、水泥的流动化回填材料,分析拌合物流动性能受材料掺量、时间影响的变化规律,建议采用坍落扩展度作为流动性能评价指标,水泥掺量对流动性能影响甚微,坍落扩展度与水固比成线性关系;同一种集料,不同粉煤灰掺量拌合物达到相同的流动性能,水固比呈先降后升的变化趋势;拌合物坍落扩展度在前60min内降低显著,随时间变化,坍落扩展度趋于一致,拌合物中集料颗粒越小,保持流动性的能力越强.  相似文献