A comparison of ileal digesta and excreta analysis for the determination of amino acid digestibility in food ingredients for poultry.     

V Ravindran  L I Hew  G Ravindran  W L Bryden 《British poultry science》1999,40(2):266-274

1. The apparent ileal and excreta digestibilities of amino acids in 15 samples representing 12 food ingredients were determined using 5-week-old male broiler chickens. The ingredients included 3 samples of cereals (wheat, maize and sorghum), 6 samples of plant protein meals (soyabean meal, cottonseed meal, canola meal and sunflower meal) and 6 samples of animal protein meals (meat meal, meat-and-bone meal, feather meal and fish meal). 2. The test ingredients were incorporated as the sole source of dietary protein in assay diets. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 3 pens (4 birds/pen) from d 35 to d 42 post-hatching. Total collection of excreta was carried out during the last 4 d. All birds were killed on d 42 and the contents of the lower half of the ileum were collected. Apparent ileal and excreta amino acid digestibilities were calculated using acid-insoluble ash as the indigestible marker. 3. The influence of site of measurement was found to vary among food ingredients, among samples within an ingredient and among different amino acids within an ingredient. Ileal amino acid digestibility values were similar in some ingredients, but significantly lower or higher in others than the corresponding excreta values. 4. Average ileal and excreta amino acid digestibilities in sorghum and maize were similar, but significant differences were observed for individual amino acids. In contrast, ileal amino acid digestibility values were higher than the corresponding excreta digestibility values in wheat. 5. The average ileal and excreta digestibilites of amino acids in the 3 soyabean meal samples were similar although small, but significant differences were noted for individual amino acids. Site of measurement had no effect on the digestibility of amino acids in canola meal. Digestibilities of valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamic acid, alanine and tyrosine in sunflower meal and those of valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, glutamic acid and alanine in cottonseed meal were lower by excreta analysis. 6. Digestibilities in animal protein meals, with the exception of blood meal and fish meal, were consistently higher by excreta analysis. Ileal-excreta differences in individual amino acid digestibilities were more evident in feather meal, meat meal and meat-and-bone meal. 7. Threonine and valine were the indispensable amino acids that were more frequently influenced by the site of measurement. Of the dispensable amino acids, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid and alanine were the most affected. 8. Differences determined between ileal and excreta digestibilities in the present study clearly demonstrate that amino acid metabolism by hindgut microflora in chickens may be substantial and that digestibilities measured in the terminal ileum are more accurate measures of amino acid availability than those measured in the excreta.  相似文献   

Histomorphometric analysis and regional variations of full thickness skin grafts in dogs     

Bhandal J  Langohr IM  Degner DA  Xie Y  Stanley BJ  Walshaw R 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(4):448-454

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Equine amnionitis and fetal loss: mare abortion following experimental exposure to Processionary caterpillars (Ochrogaster lunifer)     

Cawdell-Smith AJ  Todhunter KH  Anderson ST  Perkins NR  Bryden WL 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(3):282-288

Reasons for performing study: In Australia, there have been recent reports of unusual abortions in mid‐ to late‐gestation mares. These were clinically distinct from other recognised causes of pregnancy loss and the term ‘equine amnionitis and fetal loss’ (EAFL) was adopted to describe this syndrome. Initial investigations concluded that possible causal factors included the presence on affected stud farms of Processionary caterpillars (Ochrogaster lunifer). Objectives: To determine if exposure of pregnant mares to Processionary caterpillars or their shed exoskeletons can induce EAFL. Methods: Processionary caterpillars and their shed exoskeletons were collected and stored frozen. Mid‐gestation mares were dosed with a slurry of caterpillars or shed exoskeleton by nasogastric intubation. Their clinical responses and times to abortion were recorded. All aborted fetuses were autopsied and samples taken for bacteriological and virological culture and histopathology. Results: Intubating mares in mid‐pregnancy with preparations of either whole Processionary caterpillars or shed caterpillar exoskeletons induced abortion with few impending clinical signs. The gross pathological and bacteriological findings of the aborted fetuses were similar to those observed in field cases of EAFL. Potential relevance: Possible exposure to Processionary caterpillars should be considered when examining cases of fetal loss in the mare. The present results provide a starting point to further explore the aetiology and pathogenesis of EAFL.  相似文献   

Observations of Insulin Responses to Five Glucocorticoids Commonly Used in Equine Medicine     

G.K. Noble  A.J. Cawdell-Smith  W.L. Bryden  M.N. Sillence 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(5-6):303-304

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A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae     

J Fitzmaurice  M Sewell  CM King  S McDougall  WL McDonald  JS O'Keefe 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):233-236

AIM: To develop a real-time PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae, using PCR primers targeting the ma-mp81 gene.

METHODS: A group of 15 M. agalactiae isolates, 21 other Mycoplasma spp. isolates and 21 other bacterial isolates was used in evaluation of the assay.

RESULTS: All M. agalactiae isolates were detected by the assay and none of the non-target isolates was amplified. The analytical detection limit of the assay was 10 fg of purified genomic DNA and 10⁴ cfu/ml milk inoculated with M. agalactiae. When applied to goat-milk samples collected from three herds free of M. agalactiae infection, the assay had a specificity of 100%.

CONCLUSIONS: The assay would be useful in a diagnostic laboratory, providing specific, sensitive and rapid detection of M. agalactiae.  相似文献   

John van Veenendaal 1954–2015          下载免费PDF全文

J Bryden 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(5):137-137

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Effects of Temperature on In Vitro Short‐Term Storage of Sterlet Sturgeon (Acipenser Ruthenus) Ova          下载免费PDF全文

O Linhart  WL Shelton  V Tučková  M Rodina  MAM Siddique 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):165-170

Artificial propagation of sturgeons is becoming increasingly important for recovery efforts as well as for commercial production. Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus is a common Eurasian sturgeon with a small body size and one of the fastest reproductive cycles among the sturgeons. The practical question being addressed in this study was how long fertilization of ovulated eggs can be delayed without substantially reducing the hatching rate, and an ancillary question is under what' temperature conditions do eggs retain good quality. Broodstock were injected with homogenized carp pituitary extract (CPE); ovulated eggs from three females were allocated to various treatment groups for temperature storage (control, 7°C, 11°C, 15°C and 19°C) until fertilized. Storage times at the regulated temperatures prior to fertilization were for 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 h. After the selected storage times in ovarian fluid, eggs were fertilized and transferred to incubation cages and then they were counted. Three replicates were allocated to each storage period and temperature. Hatched larvae were counted at 7‐day post‐fertilization. We found that sterlet eggs do not need to be fertilized immediately after collection. Reasonably good quality was retained for several hours if temperature conditions are fairly cool and stable. Eggs retained good quality when stored at 7°C and 11°C for up to 10 h with 54.1 ± 2.9 to 69.9 ± 7.9% hatching success, but egg quality was significantly reduced after 5‐h storage at 19°C (p < 0.01) and 7.5‐h storage at 15°C (p < 0.05) compared to cooler temperatures. Uniform temperatures between 7°C and 11°C can be considered as appropriate for storage of eggs in ovarian fluid for up to 10 h. This information can have practical application to routine hatchery practice for acipenserids, as well as for certain research protocols.  相似文献   

Stand structure and dynamics of four native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands in northern Scotland     

Edwards  C; Mason  WL 《Forestry》2006,79(3):261-277

Stands in four native pinewoods (Glenmore, Black Wood of Rannoch,Glen Garry and Glen Affric) dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) with contrasting management histories and climates wereassessed for differences in age, structure and dynamics. Treeage, height, diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), basal area,stem density and x, y coordinates were used to compare the recruitmentof trees (>1.3 m height, >7 cm d.b.h.), saplings (>1.3m height, <7 cm d.b.h.) and seedlings (<1.3 m) followingdisturbance events and protection from browsing. There was a20-year lag between localized intensive cultivation and treerecruitment on sites that were protected from deer browsing(Glenmore and Glen Garry). Recruitment was low in sites withdisturbance but no protection (Black Wood of Rannoch). The oldestpopulation, Glen Affric, showed signs of initial intense recruitmentfollowed by a long period of nil recruitment. Abundant standingdead trees were recorded only in Glen Affric, and prolific birchand rowan only in Glen Garry. Managers should consider localizedintense cultivation in conjunction with a complete reductionin browsing pressure for rapid seedling recruitment and increasedstructural diversity.  相似文献   

Rex Milton Butterfield          下载免费PDF全文

M Bryden 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(6):182-182

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6.1. Trials in the East Midlands, 1964     

J. W. Bryden 《Plant pathology》1965,14(S1):23-24

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