亚洲土壤和地下水金属污染风险评价---综述近期研究趋势以及现有环境法律法规     

T. TEH  N. A. R. NIK NORULAINI  M. SHAHADAT  Y. WONG  A. K. MOHD OMAR 《土壤圈》2016,26(4):431-450

Asia is experiencing a more rapid economic growth compared to any other regions. The contamination of soil and groundwater with metals can mainly be attributed to human activities; therefore, risk assessments to characterize the nature and magnitude of risks to humans and ecological receptors from contaminants are important. Risk assessments are often iterative processes, which involve identification and filling data gap. Experimental samplings, geostatistical and multivariate statistical methods as well as multimedia risk assessment modeling are the three major methodologies used in the assessment of metal contamination in soil and groundwater. This review highlights a number of measurements for improving risk calculation methods and expounds scientific approaches that involve the identification of the major source of contamination, exposure pathways and bioavailability of metals. In general, risk assessments of metals in soil and groundwater worldwide are mainly focused on the levels of contamination, identification of exposure pathways, and prediction of the probability of contamination. To date, very limited studies have reported the development of relevant environmental laws and policies in the regulation of soil and groundwater contamination in Asia. The development, variations and limitations in the regulations of soil and groundwater contamination among developed countries may provide helpful guidance for the developing countries in Asia.  相似文献   

化药防治羊硬蜱病试验     

王光雷  齐传斌等 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2000,8(3):4-5

将1150只感染有草原革蜱和森林革蜱的绵羊分为3个组,分别为驱蜱项圈组（400只）、灭蜱灵组（550只）和对照组（200只）。项圈组在治疗后0、7、15、28、45、60、75、95天,羊只平均染蜱数分别为10.3、0.9、0.7、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.5、0.1只;而对照组分别为10.2、9.2、13.6、10、9.2、6.4、8.8、4.2只。灭蜱灵组在治疗后0、18、33、48、68天,羊只平均染蜱数分别为9.8、0.5、0.7、0.5、0.1只,而对照组分别为10、9.2、6.4、8.8、4.2只,表明两个防治组保护效果均较好。  相似文献   

几种旋毛虫抗原PAPS诊断液的效果比较试验     

张北民  钱应娟等 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2000,8(3):6-8

将几种旋毛虫抗原以同一浓度（0.6mg/mL）与PAPS微球交联,制成诊断试剂,进行旋毛虫阳性血清检测效果比较试验。结果显示,成虫、成虫ES、新生幼虫、肌幼虫B峰4川抗原均出现非特异性反应,而肌幼虫、肌幼虫ES、肌幼虫A峰抗原具有很高的敏感性,三者效价均达1:640。将此3种抗原所制得的诊断试剂对几种寄生虫阳性血清进行交叉试验,显示肌幼虫ES抗原对血吸虫、锥虫、弓形虫、肺吸虫、牛肝片吸虫、羊肝片吸虫阳性血清均不出现交叉反应,而肌幼虫A峰抗原、肌幼虫抗原对牛、羊肝片吸虫均出现交叉反应,对其他血清则不出现。表明肌幼虫ES抗原效果最佳,特异性最好,有很高的应用价值。  相似文献   

免疫调节剂与抗球虫药联合应用的抗球虫效果   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

樊福好  谢明权等 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2000,8(3):1-3

为探讨免疫调节剂对鸡球虫病的免疫反应调节作用,设计并进行了免疫调节剂与抗球虫药合用的效果的研究。试验结果以抗球虫指数的测定来判定抗球虫药与免疫调节剂合用的效果。结果表明,免疫调节剂与抗球虫药合用状态下,抗球虫指数检测显示免疫调节剂卡介苗和黄芪多糖可明显提高抗球虫指数、改善球虫感染鸡的临床症、提高增重速度等,为控制球虫病提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

effects of diazinon on some population parameters of moina macrocopa (cladocera)     

WONG  C. K. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,94(3-4):393-399

The effects of the organophosphate insecticide diazinon on selected population parameters of the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa were studied. Survivorship and average longevity were affected by exposure to 1.00 μg L^-1 or higher concentrations. Exposure to diazinon had no effect on the time of first reproduction, but animals did not reproduce in 10.00 μg L^-1 and the number of offspring produced by a female during her entire life span was reduced in 1.00 μg L^-1. The intrinsic rate of population growth and the generation time were not significantly affected by exposure to diazinon.  相似文献   

In vitro suppression of fungal root pathogens of cereals by Brassica tissues     

J. A. KIRKEGAARD  P. T. W. WONG  & J. M. DESMARCHELIER 《Plant pathology》1995,45(3):593-603

The superior growth of wheat following Brassica crops compared to that following non- Brassica crops may be due to the suppression of soilborne fungal pathogens by volatile isothiocyanates (ITCs) released in the soil during hydrolysis of glucosinolates contained in Brassica tissues. We investigated the effects of volatile compounds released from the root, shoot and seed meal tissues of canola ( Brassica napus ) and Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea ) on the mycelial growth of five soilborne pathogens of cereals— Gaeumannomyces graminis var . tritici, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Pythium irregulare and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Three isolates of each species, originally collected from the roots of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and barley grass ( Hordeum leporinum ) in southern Australia, were exposed to volatiles released in vitro when sterile water was added to freeze-dried Brassica tissues. The root and shoot tissues of both Brassica species were more suppressive at flowering than maturity and mustard tissues were generally more suppressive than canola. The degree of fungal suppression by the various Brassica tissues was related to the concentration and type of isothiocyanates released, which varied with Brassica species, tissue age and tissue type. There were significant differences in the sensitivity of the fungal species and among isolates of each species. Gaeumannomyces and Rhizoctonia were generally the most sensitive to the volatiles released, Pythium and Bipolaris the least. The results indicate that the effectiveness of fungal suppression by Brassica crops will depend upon the species, age and type of Brassica tissue, which influence the type and concentration of isothiocyanates evolved, and the sensitivity of the pathogen.  相似文献   

M_(99-1)引诱剂诱捕松墨天牛等松甲虫的研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

赵锦年  林长春  姜礼元  吴沧松  姚剑飞  俞盛明 《林业科学研究》2001,(5)

报道了松墨天牛成虫活动期间 ,在马尾松 -栎类次生混交林、马尾松 -湿地松人工林和黄山松天然林 3种不同林分中 ,应用 M99-1引诱剂诱捕钻蛀性松甲虫种类、主要钻蛀性松甲虫成虫种群数量及其比率和不同诱捕期松墨天牛雌成虫孕卵量及其比率的情况。研究结果显示 ,M99-1引诱剂诱获鞘翅目害虫达 2 6种 ,其中钻蛀性松甲虫达 14种 ,占诱获种类的 5 3.8%。马尾松角胫象、松墨天牛种群数量比率最高 ,分别达 5 7.3%～ 69.8%和 2 7.2 %～ 2 9.3%。 3种不同松林林分中 ,短角幽天牛、褐幽天牛、薄翅锯天牛等其它主要钻蛀性害虫的数量比率也较高。不同诱捕期松墨天牛雌成虫平均孕卵量及其比率 ,以活动前期 (6月下旬前 )为最高 ,分别达 16.9粒和 4 1.9%。 M99-1引诱剂诱捕是监测松林钻蛀性松甲虫种群动态和降低其虫口密度的重要方法  相似文献   

三价转基因抗病毒西瓜的培育   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

牛胜鸟  黄学森  王锡民  于嘉林  赵福兴  李大伟  王生有  翟光明  师范生 《农业生物技术学报》2005,13(1):10-15

利用西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus，WMV)外壳蛋白(CP)基因、西葫芦黄花叶病毒(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus，ZYMV)复制酶(NIb)基因和黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus，CMV)复制酶基因构建三价植物表达载体，根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法转化西瓜(Cirrullus lanams)子叶外植体获得再生植株。经PCR和Southern-blot检测，证明目的基因成功地导入西瓜植株，并能够在后代植株中遗传，转化效率约为1．7‰。在温室和大田对T2、T3代转基因株系进行了病毒接种实验和抗病性筛选鉴定，转基因西瓜株系表现出感病、抗病、免疫和症状恢复等不同的类型。其中BHI-7株系的T2代植株对ZYMV和WMV的抗病能力普遍达到中等水平以上，并保持了受体西瓜品系原有的优良农艺性状。  相似文献   

Craniomedial Approach to the Canine Scapulohumeral Joint     

DENNIS D. CAYWOOD D.V.M.  M.S.  MICHAEL P. SCHENK M.S.  †  NORMAN J. WILSMAN D.V.M.  Ph.D.  ‡  PAULINE L. WONG D.V.M.  JAMES P. TOOMBS D.V.M.  ALAN J. LIPOWITZ D.V.M.  M.S.  § 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1980,9(2):74-76

A craniomedial approach to the scapulohumeral joint of the dog is described for the removal of large, intraarticular cartilaginous bodies from the medial aspect of the joint. This technique was used successfully in 4 dogs with chronic osteochondritis dissecans in which the medial aspect of the joint was inaccessible through a standard lateral approach.  相似文献   

Some observations on the population and natal patterns among purebred dogs in Malaysia     

W. T. WONG  MICHAEL K. C. LEE 《The Journal of small animal practice》1985,26(2):111-119

The results of a study of 28, 220 birth registration and 773 import records between 1980 and 1982 of the Malaysian Kennel Association are reported. The German Shepherd Dog was by far the most common breed followed by the Dobermann, Dachshund and Boxer. Most breeds made up only a small percentage of birth registrations. No distinct seasonal distribution of whelping was evident among the purebred litters studied. Mean litter size was 4–7 puppies per litter with larger breeds tending to produce larger litters. A sex ratio of 51 males per 100 births was computed. There was a steady decline in the number of imported dogs.  相似文献