Alteration of body composition in rats: effect of organic chromium and L-carnitine     

Fekete S  Szakáll I  Kósa E  Andrásofszky E  Fodor K  Hidas A  Tözsér J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2001,49(4):385-398

A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while L-carnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.  相似文献   

Influence of feeding intensity on corporeal development, body composition and sexual maturity in female rabbits   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fodor K  Fekete SG  Zöldág L  Bersényi A  Gáspárdy A  Andrásofszky E  Kulcsár M  Eszes F 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2001,49(4):399-411

Twenty-six 6-week old female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups: ad libitum (AL) and 70% restricted (RS) feeding. At the beginning of the experiment the liveweights were practically the same: 0.99 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.08 kg in group AL and RS, respectively. At 18 weeks of age the body weight of Group RS rabbits was 84.7% (3.14 +/- 0.24 kg) of the group AL (3.71 +/- 0.31 kg). The apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in Group RS than in Group AL (76.5 +/- 1.4 vs. 73.0 +/- 2.7%). The daily water consumption was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (3.5 ml/g DM intake) in Group RS as compared to Group AL (1.9 ml/g DM). Since the average body weight in Group RS at 18 weeks was the same as that of Group AL at 14 weeks of age (3.14 kg), the comparison of the live body measures and indices was based on these ages. Animals fed ad libitum or restricted show no differences at the defined age in most live body measurements except in heart girth and rump width, which were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter in Group AL than in Group RS (29.3 +/- 0.8, 5.7 +/- 0.5 and 30.7 +/- 1.0, 6.2 +/- 0.3 cm, respectively). Body capacity was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller in Group AL, as the head capacity-body capacity proportion was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Group AL than in Group RS (1653.1 +/- 134.5, 22.0 +/- 2.5 and 1913.7 +/- 168.7, 17.7 +/- 1.9, respectively). Due to restricted feeding the growth of the head proved to be less intensive than that of the body at the same body weight. The body in these does tended to be wider. Since the head in comparison to length or capacity of the body was smaller in does fed 70% of ad libitum, it could be concluded that the development of body parts of restricted-fed does was unequal (allometric growth). The effect of feed restriction reflected in lower dry matter and fat, and a higher ash and protein content both in total body and in dry matter composition of rabbits at 18 weeks of age. Restricted feeding delayed sexual maturity (69 vs. 92% of rabbits) with later starting ovarian activity, weaker ovarian responsiveness, and a smaller number of tertiary follicles on the ovarian surface.  相似文献   

Ultrasonography and surgery of canine biliary diseases     

Vörös K  Németh T  Vrabély T  Manczur F  Tóth J  Magdus M  Perge E 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2001,49(2):141-154

Findings of hepatic and gallbladder ultrasonography were analyzed in 12 dogs with gallbladder and/or extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction and compared with the results of exploratory laparotomy. Hepatic ultrasonography demonstrated normal liver in 2 dogs and hepatic abnormalities in 10 animals. The following ultrasonographic diagnoses were established compared to surgical findings: gallbladder obstruction caused by bile sludge (correct/incorrect: 1/2, surgical diagnosis: choleliths in one case), gallbladder obstruction caused by neoplasm (0/1, surgical diagnosis: mucocele), gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction due to choleliths (3/3), extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction caused by pancreatic mass (1/1) and small intestinal volvulus (1/1). Bile peritonitis caused by gallbladder rupture (4/4) was correctly diagnosed by ultrasound, aided with ultrasonographically-guided abdominocentesis and peritoneal fluid analysis. Rupture of the gallbladder should be suspected in the presence of a small, echogenic gallbladder or in the absence of the organ together with free abdominal fluid during ultrasonography. Laparotomy was correctly indicated by ultrasonography in all cases. However, the direct cause of obstruction could not be determined in 2 of the 12 dogs by ultrasonography alone.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical demonstration of Leu-7 (HNK-1), Neurone-specific Enolase (NSE) and Protein-Gene Peptide (PGP) 9.5 in the developing camel (Camelus dromedarius) heart     

El Sharaby AA  Egerbacher M  Hammoda AK  Böck P 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2001,30(6):321-325

The development of the heart-conducting system has been controversially discussed. The common opinion that these specialized myocytes originate from mesodermal precursors has been challenged when nerve-specific antigens (Leu-7, NF, GIN2) were demonstrated in embryonic hearts of various species, suggesting a neural crest contribution to the embryonic conducting tissue. Anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1) antibodies were reported to reliably mark the conducting system in developing rat, chicken and human hearts. The present investigation was carried out on the hearts of 15 camel fetuses at 35, 45, 60, 75 and 100 cm crown-rump length (three specimens for each stage), in addition to three adult hearts. We investigated the antigenicity of cardiac structures for Leu-7, NSE (Neurone specific Enolase) and PGP (Protein Gene Peptide) 9.5. In all specimens investigated, both NSE and PGP 9.5 were expressed by cardiac nerves and conducting system components. The sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes, the atrioventricular bundle as well as subendocardial and intramyocardial Purkinje fibers were stained. In contrast, the developing conducting system did not react with anti-Leu-7 antibody, although Leu-7 antigenicity was strongly expressed by the developing cardiac nerves. In adult camel hearts, the same pattern of immunoreactivity for the markers studied was still retained. Our results show that the expression of marker proteins for the developing conducting system is species-specific. Therefore, these markers are of little significance in discussions on the possible neurogenic nature of the heart conducting tissue.  相似文献   

Immune reactions in cattle after immunization with a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine and implications for the diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis and M. bovis infections     

Köhler H  Gyra H  Zimmer K  Dräger KG  Burkert B  Lemser B  Hausleithner D  Cubler K  Klawonn W  Hess RG 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2001,48(3):185-195

After immunization of four calves with a live modified Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine the course of the humoral and cell mediated immune reactions was studied during a 2-year clinical investigation. Furthermore, the possibility of shedding of the vaccine strain and the influence of the vaccination on the tuberculin skin test was determined. In addition to standard procedures recently developed diagnostic methods (antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interferon-gamma test, polymerase chain reaction) were used. A cell-mediated immune reaction, reflected in an increased, specifically induced, interferon-gamma production developed much earlier (1-2 weeks post-immunization) than humoral immunity (8-16 weeks post-gamma immunization). While the increase in antibody titres was transient, declining to extremely low levels 48-60 weeks post-immunization, cell-mediated immunity remained detectable until the end of the investigation. Spread of the vaccine strain into the body and shedding were never detected during the whole course of the study except for one colon site in one calf. As late as 2 years after vaccine application positive or doubtful skin reactions against M. bovis purified protein derivative were measured, reflecting possible interference of the immunization with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. At the end of the investigation, a positive cell-mediated immune reaction was detected the control animal although clinical, pathological and bacteriological examinations gave no indication for a mycobacterial infection.  相似文献   

Studies on the prevalence of Riemerella anatipestifer in the upper respiratory tract of clinically healthy ducklings and characterization of untypable strains     

Ryll M  Christensen H  Bisgaard M  Christensen JP  Hinz KH  Köhler B 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2001,48(7):537-546

A total of 44 bacterial strains obtained from 49 clinically healthy ducklings of different ages originating from four different farms were identified as members of the species Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) using conventional biochemical test methods. Numerical analysis of the whole-cell fatty acid patterns of these isolates resulted in two different clusters, one of which showed a similar pattern to that of the type strain of RA. Strains having a different fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)-profile (cluster II) were designated R. anatipestifer-like (RA-like). Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of RA-like field isolates revealed 99% identity to RA. The significance of these observations are discussed. The present findings document for the first time that RA seems to represent a normal part of the pharyngeal flora of healthy Pekin ducks.  相似文献   

Evidence for the Predisposition of Fungicide-Resistant Isolates of Venturia inaequalis to a Preferential Selection for Resistance to Other Fungicides     

Köller W  Wilcox WF 《Phytopathology》2001,91(8):776-781

In the United States, populations of the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis have progressed through three consecutive rounds of fungicide resistance development, first to dodine, then to the benzimidazoles, and most recently to the sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Analysis of extensive monitoring data have to date provided no indication of detectable cross-resistance or partial cross-resistance of V. inaequalis populations to the three unrelated classes of fungicides prior to the selection of resistant subpopulations. However, in this study, resistance to both benomyl and DMIs developed to significantly higher frequencies within the previously established dodine-resistant population than in the population sensitive to dodine. Accelerated selection of phenotypes double resistant to dodine and the DMI fenarimol was apparent over the course of distinct seasons of apple scab management with either dodine or fenarimol. The data provide evidence for an accelerated speed of resistance development among phenotypes of V. inaequalis already resistant to an unrelated fungicide. This finding represents a departure from the previous model, which assumed entirely independent rounds of resistance developments. The data indicate that phenotypes of V. inaequalis might not only be selected for the trait of fungicide resistance but also for traits allowing a more flexible response to changes in the environment where they compete.  相似文献   

The Role of Ethylene Production in Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. glycinea and phaseolicola     

Weingart H  Ullrich H  Geider K  Völksch B 《Phytopathology》2001,91(5):511-518

ABSTRACT The importance of ethylene production for virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. glycinea and phaseolicola was assayed by comparing bacterial multiplication and symptom development in bean and soybean plants inoculated with ethylene-negative (efe) mutants and wild-type strains. The efe mutants of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were significantly reduced in their ability to grow in planta. However, the degree of reduction was strain-dependent. Population sizes of efe mutant 16/83-E1 that did not produce the phototoxin coronatine were 10- and 15-fold lower than those of the wild-type strain on soybean and on bean, and 16/83-E1 produced very weak symptoms compared with the wild-type strain. The coronatine-producing efe mutant 7a/90-E1 reached fourfold and twofold lower population sizes compared with the wild-type strain on soybean and bean, respectively, and caused disease symptoms typical of the wild-type strain. Experiments with ethylene-insensitive soybeans confirmed these results. The virulence of the wild-type strains was reduced to the same extent in ethylene-insensitive soybean plants as the virulence of the efe mutants in ethylene-susceptible soybeans. In contrast, the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola was not affected by disruption of the efe gene.  相似文献   

Emended descriptions of indole negative and indole positive isolates of Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae     

Fellström C  Karlsson M  Pettersson B  Zimmerman U  Gunnarsson A  Aspan A 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,70(3-4):225-238

Two type/reference strains of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, 14 Belgian and German indole negative, and 14 Belgian, German and Swedish indole positive field isolates of strongly β-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, biochemical reaction patterns, 16S rDNA sequences and MIC determinations of six antibacterial substances. Three tests for indole production, including a spot indole test, were compared with congruent results. All field isolates were classified as B. hyodysenteriae due to a high genetic and phenotypic similarity with the type strains. The Belgian and German indole negative isolates had identical and unique PFGE patterns for the tested restriction enzymes MluI and SalI, as well as identical 16S rDNA sequences, and they could not be differentiated by any of the methods used. Seven unique PFGE patterns were achieved from the 14 indole positive field isolates. The patterns were identical and unique for epidemiologically related isolates. Type/reference strains and isolates without known relation to other tested isolates showed unique banding patterns. The MICs of tylosin, tiamulin, erythromycin, clindamycin, carbadox and virginiamycin were determined in broth for all isolates. In contrast to Belgian and German isolates, the majority of the Swedish field isolates were susceptible to tylosin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Probable pathways of infection for some of the Swedish isolates were determined. The PFGE patterns of epidemic clones of B. hyodysenteriae remained stable for a period of up to 8 years. In vivo development of resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics due to use of tylosin was clearly indicated for two epidemic clones.  相似文献   

Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography     

Pedersen HD  Häggström J  Falk T  Mow T  Olsen LH  Iversen L  Jensen AL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(1):56-64

Observer variation in diagnosing mild mitral regurgitation in dogs by cardiac auscultation was assessed by having 6 veterinarians with different levels of experience examine 57 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Comparisons with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography were made, and the effects of 2 physical maneuvers on the auscultatory findings were evaluated. Using mildly diseased dogs, interobserver agreement in diagnosing the presence or absence of left-sided murmurs ranged from 63% to 88%. The agreement with phonocardiography (range, 53-91%) increased with the amount of observer experience. The 2 most experienced observers could discern soft ejection murmurs from regurgitant murmurs and were able to diagnose 89% of the dogs with regurgitant jets larger than 30% of the left atrial area. In general, less experienced observers diagnosed most jets larger than 50%. In many dogs with small jets, no murmur was found by auscultation and phonocardiography. The audibility of mild regurgitation was significantly reduced in dogs that were difficult to auscultate. Early systolic murmurs were typical of mild regurgitation, whereas holosystolic murmurs typified severe regurgitation. In a few dogs, late systolic murmurs alternated with holosystolic murmurs. Systolic clicks were found phonocardiographically in 18 dogs with mild to moderate regurgitation, but the audibility apparently was low. In many mildly affected dogs, physical maneuvers increased murmur intensity. Thus, some form of dynamic auscultation might facilitate the diagnosis of mild regurgitation. Auscultatory findings in mild regurgitation appear to depend on observer experience, circulatory status, and how difficult the dog is to auscultate.  相似文献