Frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus intermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from canine skin and ear samples over a 6-year period (1992-1997)     

Petersen AD  Walker RD  Bowman MM  Schott HC  Rosser EJ 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(5):407-413

Staphylococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) was isolated from 88.6% and 49.4% of skin and ear samples, respectively, during the years 1992 through 1997, and frequency of isolation remained unchanged. More than 95% of all S. intermedius isolates were susceptible to cephalothin and oxacillin, providing support for empirical treatment of canine skin and ear infections with cephalexin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was isolated from 7.5% and 27.8% of skin and ear samples, respectively. The frequency of isolation from skin samples increased over the study period. Because of multidrug-resistant profiles for P. aeruginosa isolates, especially for ear isolates, empirical treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is not advisable.  相似文献   

The use of fluoroquinolones for companion animal antimicrobial therapy     

Walker RD 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(2):84-90

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Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXVIII. Ixodid ticks collected from 23 wild carnivore species     

Horak IG  Braack LE  Fourie LJ  Walker JB 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2000,67(4):239-250

Ixodid ticks were collected from 104 wild carnivores belonging to 23 species in various nature reserves and on several farms in all nine provinces of South Africa. Seven feral cats in a nature reserve were also examined. Twenty-four tick species belonging to seven genera were recovered and identified. Amongst these ticks we consider the adults of Haemaphysalis leachi, Haemaphysalis spinulosa, Haemaphysalis zumpti, Ixodes rubicundus, Rhipicentor nuttalli, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus turanicus to be true parasites of wild carnivores. Although numerous adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis were collected from some lions these were either sick or old animals. The immature stages of seven species regularly utilized wild carnivores as hosts on an opportunistic basis.  相似文献   

Detection of lysergic acid in ruminal fluid, urine, and in endophyte-infected tall fescue using high-performance liquid chromatography.     

S L Lodge-Ivey  K Walker  T Fleischmann  J E True  A M Craig 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):369-374

Ergot alkaloids present in endophyte-infected tall fescue induce fescue toxicosis in livestock consuming the plant. The lysergic acid (LA) ring structure is a common moiety among the ergot alkaloids. Little is known about the bioavailability of LA because of limitations in available analytical protocols. Thus, a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed to analyze biological matrices for LA. The biological matrices of interest were tall fescue straw and seed, and ruminant feces, urine, and ruminal fluid. Lysergic acid was added to each matrix at a high (150 ng/ml) or low (30 ng/ml) level. Using the high-level addition, the greatest recovery of LA was obtained from ruminal fluid, feces, and urine (P < 0.05), with an average 85.1% recovered. At the low level, a greater recovery of added LA was observed in the ruminal fluid, urine, and feces (82.1%; P < 0.05) than that in the other 2 matrices (62.6%). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) in ruminal fluid and urine was 5.5 and 18.4 ng/ml, respectively. Seed, straw, and feces had higher LOQ (24.2, 14.5, and 36.0 ng/g, respectively). Limit of detection (LOD) was 1.64, 10.80, 4.35, 5.52, and 7.26 ng/g for ruminal fluid, feces, urine, seed, and straw, respectively. To test the assay in vivo, samples of ruminal fluid and urine were collected from steers consuming a diet containing 400 ng of ergovaline/g and 30 ng of LA/g. All matrices sampled resulted in levels above the LOD and LOQ for the assay, indicating that this assay is sufficiently sensitive for use in assessing the bioavailability of LA.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting Fertility in Loosely Housed Sows and Gilts: Vulvar Discharge Syndrome, Environment and Acute-phase Proteins     

J Oravainen  M Heinonen  L Seppä-Lassila  T Orro  A Tast  JV Virolainen  OAT Peltoniemi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(6):549-554

The effect of vulvar discharge syndrome (VDS) on sow and gilt fertility was studied on 26 farms. Of 824 animals inspected in 21 randomly selected and five VDS problem farms, 19 (2.3%) were afflicted with VDS. Altogether 542/799 of the examined animals (67.8%) farrowed thereafter. Nine of the 19 VDS animals (47.4%) and 533/780 non-VDS animals (68.3%) farrowed at the first chance after the examination (p = 0.05). None of the unmated gilts in this study had VDS. Environmental and individual factors likely to be associated with fertility and VDS were tested. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with farrowing were VDS, reproductive status, availability of roughage and confinement to individual stalls. None of the variables tested was associated with VDS. However, all of the VDS problem farms were overcrowded and had concrete, partly slatted floors with little or no bedding. The median value of haptoglobin (Hp) was 2.5 (range 1.3-3.1) g/l in VDS animals and 2.3 (0.5-4.3) g/l in controls (p = 0.6). The median C-reactive protein (CRP) in VDS animals was 30.3 (3.3-171.3) mg/l and in controls 25.9 (3.3-361.1) mg/l (p = 0.7). In conclusion, VDS decreased fertility of gilts and sows in the absence of a systemic acute-phase response, as indicated by stable concentrations of Hp and CRP.  相似文献   

Effects of Grade of Oocyte–Cumulus Complex and the Interactions Between Grades on the Production of Blastocysts in the Cow, Ewe and Lamb     

JM Kelly  DO Kleemann  SR Rudiger  SK Walker 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):577-582

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News from the Scientific Organising Committee Learning new tricks to treat old dogs     

Dr Maureen Revington  Natalie Walker 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(3):N10-N10

Treating elderly pets and maximising your practice returns will be in focus at this year's AVA Annual Conference. The Scientific Organising Committee is delighted that such distinguished international and local speakers have agreed to give presentations in the Small Animal (Geriatric Medicine and Surgery) and Practice Management streams at the conference.
The AVA Conference will be at Hobart's Wrest Point Conference Centre from May 21–26, 2006. To see the full program and to register online visit www.ava.com.au/avaconference.  相似文献   

The carboxyterminal processing protease of D1 protein: Herbicidal activity of novel inhibitors of the recombinant and native spinach enzymes     

Stephen M.G. Duff  Yun-Chia Sophia Chen  Gopichand Yalamanchili  Dan M. Walker  Edward A. Boyd  Christopher J. Yarnold 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(1):1-13

The carboxyterminal processing protease of D1 protein (CtpA) is predicted to be an excellent target for the discovery of a general broad-spectrum herbicide. Directed and random screening of compounds against recombinant spinach CtpA (rCtpA) has led to the discovery of five different chemical classes of inhibitors. Lead compounds from each inhibitor class were investigated for their in vitro effects on the activities of both recombinant and native spinach CtpA. All of the lead compounds have K_i values of less than 50 μM when tested against rCtpA, and all except one showed competitive inhibition. Results from partially purified native CtpA from spinach were similar to those from the recombinant form of the enzyme, thus validating the use of rCtpA in the inhibitor screen. Compounds from three of the classes of CtpA inhibitors show in vivo herbicidal activity against Arabidopsis thaliana when applied either by addition to growth media or by spraying the leaves. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants which over-express CtpA showed greater resistance to the compounds than wild-type plants providing evidence that these inhibitors are directly acting against CtpA.  相似文献   

Passive immunisation of neonatal lambs via colostrum and milk of ewes previously immunised with live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium protects neonatal lambs from experimental salmonellosis     

T.K.S. Mukkur  K.H. Walker  G.H. McDowell 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1998,21(4):327-336

Lambs sucking non-immunised ewes or ewes immunised 4-5 weeks before lambing with live attenuated, aromatic-dependent (aroA) Salmonella typhimurium (strain CS 332) were challenged orally at either 2, 4 or 7 days of age with virulent S. typhimurium (strain CS 94) at doses ranging from 10⁹ to 10¹³ colony forming units. No lambs displayed signs of clinical salmonellosis and all survived challenge but those sucking immunised ewes had organisms of the challenge strain in their faeces for much shorter periods of time than lambs of the control ewes. High titres of specific antibodies were measured in colostrum and milk of immunised ewes in comparison with very low titres measured in samples from control ewes; these differences were reflected by the titres of antibodies in the sera of corresponding lambs. At 2 days after lambing, the major antibody isotype in the colostrum of immunised ewes and sera of their lambs was IgM whereas at 7 days IgG1 was the predominant isotype. While it was clear that vaccination of pregnant ewes with the live attenuated vaccination conferred protection against experimentally-induced salmonellosis in their lambs, considerable protection was observed in control lambs in spite of there being very low titres of antibodies in the mammary secretion of their dams. The latter observation could be related to the presence of contain non-antibody potent bactericidal factors previously described in colostrum and milk.

Résumé

Des agneaux qui tètent des brebis non immunisées, ou bien immunisées, 4 à 5 semaines avant la mise bas avec un vaccin atténué constitué d'une souche de Salmonelle typhimurium dépendente pour sa croissance de la presence de composés aromatiques (souche aro A CS 332) ont reçu, à l'âge de 2, 4 ou 7 jours, par voie orale, des doses allant de 10⁹ à 10¹³ Salmonella (souche virulente CS 94). Aucun agneau n'a présenté de signes cliniques et tous ont survécu à cette administration, mais les agneaux des brebis immunisées ont excrété la souche d'épreuve dans leur fécès pendent moins longtemps que les agneaux des brebis non vaccinées. Des titres plus élevés d'anticorps sont détectés dans le colostrum et le lait des brebis vaccinées et comparés aux brebis témoins. Cette différence est également notée pour les titres d'anticorps présents dans le sérum des agneaux issus de brebis vaccinées ou non. Deux jours après la mise bas, la classe des anticorps majoritaires, tant au niveau du colostrum des brebis vaccinées que du sérum de leurs agneaux, est la classe des IgM, alors qu'après 7 jours, les IgG1 prédominent. Bien qu'il soit clair que des brebis pleines vaccinées à l'aide d'un vaccin vivant atténué, apportent à leurs agneaux une protection vis à vis d'une Salmonella expérimentale, une réelle protection est également observée chez les agneaux témoins, malgré les titres faibles d'anticorps présente dans les sécrétions mammaires de leur mères. Cette dernière observation peut être mise en rapport avec la présence d'agents bactériodes ne contenant pas d'anticorps, déjà décrits dans le colostrum et le lait.  相似文献   

Analyses of monoclonal antibodies reacting with porcine wCD6: Results from the Second International Swine CD workshop     

M. D. Pescovitz  B. K. Book  B. Aasted  J. Dominguez  R. Bullido  I. Trebichavsky  B. Novikov  I. Valpotic  J. Nielsen  S. Arn  D. H. Sachs  J. K. Lunney  P. C. Boyd  J. Walker  R. Lee  N. Petrinec  A. Saalmüller 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1998,60(3-4):285-289

Among the 57 monoclonal antibodies analyzed within the T-cell group of the Second International Swine CD Workshop, one mAb fell within cluster T14a that included the CD6 standard a38b2 (No. 175). The new mAb MIL8 (No. 082) and a38b2 both precipitated from activated T-cells a 150 kDa monomeric protein. Staining patterns on the various cell types were similar. There was no inhibition of binding of either mAb to peripheral blood T-cells with the opposite mAb. The new mAb, MIL8, reacts with a separate epitope on porcine wCD6.  相似文献