Feline pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and insulin resistance due to a plurihormonal adenoma     

Cross E  Moreland R  Wallack S 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2012,27(1):8-20

A 12-year-old female spayed domestic short-haired cat presented for lethargy, poor hair coat, alopecia, difficulty walking, and mild polyuria/polydipsia. The cat's skin tore easily in the neck area during routine restraint for blood draw. Physical examination, blood analysis, and ultrasound imaging were all consistent with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) with secondary insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, which was nonketotic. Insulin therapy, fluids, and diet change were initiated for the diabetes mellitus and the owner reported improvement in clinical signs although the blood glucose measurements remained elevated. Surgical repair of the torn skin was successful. Although a guarded prognosis was given to the owner because of an advanced stage of hyperadrenocorticism, and the limited treatment options currently available for feline PDH, trilostane was agreed on as an initial therapeutic option. The day trilostane was to be initiated, the cat presented with dyspnea and the owner chose to euthanize. Because of the rarity of hyperadrenocorticism disease in the cat, permission was obtained by the owner for a necropsy to confirm suspected PDH as the underlying cause for insulin resistance and skin fragility syndrome.  相似文献   

Dystocia in beef heifers: A review of genetic and nutritional influences     

RE Hickson  ST Morris  PR Kenyon  N Lopez-Villalobos 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):256-264

Breeding beef heifers for the first time at 15 months of age has potential to increase the efficiency of the beef breeding-cow herd. An increased incidence of dystocia in heifers calving at 2 years of age, compared to mature cows, is a major reason many farmers in New Zealand have not adopted the practice. The predominant type of dystocia affecting 2-year-old heifers is feto-maternal disproportion, a condition in which the fetus is too large relative to the size of the heifer's pelvis. Reducing birthweight of the calf is a means of reducing the incidence of dystocia. Birthweight and length of gestation are determined by genotype of the calf, maternal genetic effects and environmental effects.

Bulls with low estimated breeding values for birthweight have been selected for mating heifers; however, the positive genetic correlation between birthweight and mature weight meant that the progeny of these bulls tended to be lighter at finishing, making them less desirable in the beef industry. The genotype of the dam also plays a role in determining the risk of dystocia; the maternal ability of the dam to nurture the fetus influences birth- weight, and the dam's genetic potential for growth influences the size of her pelvic area. Heavy heifers tend to produce high- birthweight calves, counteracting the reduction in the incidence of dystocia resulting from the larger pelvis in larger heifers.

Manipulating feeding level during pregnancy offers an alternative method for manipulating the birthweight of calves. Little is known about the effects of nutrition in early gestation on placental development or birthweight of calves. No differences in the birthweight of calves have been observed in response to variation in feeding in mid-pregnancy, and variable responses in birthweight and the incidence of dystocia to feeding in the third trimester of pregnancy have been reported. Differences in birthweight have not always resulted in differences in the incidence of dystocia, primarily due to differences in liveweight of the heifer also induced by feeding regimens. Variability in the incidence of dystocia in response to feeding level in the third trimester of pregnancy makes it difficult to make recommendations for the feeding of heifers at this stage of gestation. More research is needed into the effects of nutrition in early gestation on fetal and placental development in cattle.  相似文献   

Oceanographic influences on the distribution of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, during spawning in the Bornholm Basin of the Baltic Sea     

JONNA TOMKIEWICZ  KLAUS M. LEHMANN  & MICHAEL A. ST. JOHN 《Fisheries Oceanography》1998,7(1):48-62

The Baltic Sea is a stratified, semienclosed sea typified by a low-salinity surface layer and a deep saline layer of varying volume, salinity, temperature and oxygen concentration. The relationships between these oceanographic factors and the distribution of Baltic cod are presented, utilizing results from a survey carried out during the 1995 spawning period in the Bornholm Basin, at present the main spawning area of this stock. Cod distribution, abundance and population structure were estimated from hydroacoustic and trawl data and related to hydrographic parameters as well as to bottom depth. In the central basin, cod were aggregated in an intermediate layer about 15 m thick. This area of peak abundance was defined at its upper limit by the halocline and at the lower limit by oxygen content. The majority of individuals caught in the basin centre were in spawning or pre-spawning condition with a high proportion of males to females. On the basin slopes, aggregations of cod were found near the bottom. These individuals were mainly immature and maturing stages with an increasing proportion of females to males with size. Salinity and oxygen conditions were found to be the major factors influencing the vertical and horizontal distribution of adult cod. Abundance of immature cod was also positively related to decreasing bottom depths. The effect of temperature was minor. The observed size- and sex-dependent spawning aggregation patterns, in association with habitat volume and stock size, may influence cod catchability and thereby the assessment and exploitation patterns of this stock.  相似文献   

Plasma Progesterone Profile in Ovariectomized Beef Cows after Intra-vaginal Insertion of New, Once-used or Twice-used CIDR     

ST Long  C Yoshida  T Nakao 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):80-82

Objective of this study was to show plasma progesterone concentrations in ovariectomized beef cows after treatment with new, once-used and twice-used controlled internal drug-releasing devices (CIDRs). Four ovariectomized beef cows were used for the experiment. Plasma concentrations of progesterone were quantified using a validated ELISA. The CIDR was inserted into vagina of cows by using a standard CIDR applicator and then removed 7 days after insertion. One week later, once-used CIDR was inserted and removed on day 7. Twice-used CIDR was, then inserted at an interval of 7 days. Mean plasma concentrations of progesterone 24 h after new CIDR insertion was 4.0 ± 0.1 ng/ml, which thereafter decreased gradually to 1.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml at day 7. In cows treated with once-used CIDR or twice-used CIDR, mean plasma progesterone concentrations at day 1 were 2.4 ± 0.2 or 1.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml and 1.0 ± 0 or 0.9 ± 0.1 ng/ml at day 7 respectively. The results suggest that once-used CIDR may be still effective to produce luteal phase progesterone concentrations in plasma in non-suckling beef cows.  相似文献   

Diseases of deer in south eastern Queensland     

R. A. McKENZIE  P. E. GREEN  A. M. THORNTON  Y. S. CHUNG  A. R. MACKENZIE  D. H. CYBINSKI  T. D. ST GEORGE 《Australian veterinary journal》1985,62(12):424-424

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Urethral Extension for Correction of Urovagina in Cattle A Review of 14 Cases     

GUY ST. JEAN dvm  ms    BRUCE L. HULL dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs    JAMES T. ROBERTSON dvm  Diplomateacvs    GLEN F. HOFFSIS dvm  ms  Diplomateacvim  GEORGE K. HAIBEL dvm  Diplomateact 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):258-262

Urethral extension was performed in 14 cows with clinical urovagina and infertility. Urovagina was corrected in nine cows (64%) and was reduced in the others. Formation of fistulas at the cranial end of the extension site was the most frequent complication (4 cows). In one cow, the urethral extension was not extended far enough caudally. Eleven cows (79%) returned to fertility after surgery. Severity of urine pooling, cranial displacement of the urethral orifice, and severe preoperative vaginitis may explain the failure of the urethral extension in some cows.  相似文献   

Antebrachiometacarpal arthrodesis in five dogs     

ST Lewis  DD Lewis  AR Cross  RM Radasch  C Boekhout‐Ta 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(4):122-127

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Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies.     

LORRIE GASCHEN  PATRICK KIRCHER  ANJA STÜSSI  KARIN ALLENSPACH  FRÉDÉRIC GASCHEN  MARCUS DOHERR  ANDREA GRÖNE 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(1):56-64

Intestinal wall thickness is neither a specific nor sensitive ultrasound parameter for detecting intestinal inflammation. We hypothesize that mucosal echogenicity, lymphadenomegaly, and secondary findings of the gastrointestinal tract would be more sensitive and specific markers for detecting and differentiating causes of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in dogs. Fifty-six client-owned dogs with chronic diarrhea and 10 control dogs were examined with two-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasound (time 0, 4, and 10 weeks post therapy) and small intestinal mucosal biopsies were performed at the 0- and 4-week time points. The clinical activity was assessed at each time point using the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI). Fifty-one dogs had inflammatory infiltration of the duodenal mucosa and were divided into three groups, food-responsive disease, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and protein-losing enteropathy, based on their response to the different treatments and histology. Two different patterns of increased echogenicity of the mucosa were detected: hyperechoic speckles and hyperechoic striations. A normal, hypoechoic bowel mucosa in dogs with chronic diarrhea had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 81% for the diagnosis of food-responsive disease. Hyperechoic striations had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 96% for dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. Hyperechoic speckles were non-specific for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease. There was a significant relationship between ultrasound score and CIBDAI at t0, but not following therapy. Mucosal echogenicity may be a better parameter for detecting inflammatory bowel disease than bowel wall thickness in dogs with chronic diarrhea.  相似文献   

Basic magnetic resonance imaging principles used for evaluating animal patients with neurologic disease.     

Seth Wallack 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2007,10(3):909-25, vii

The use of MRI in veterinary medicine is growing, because it provides excellent anatomic and pathologic detail. Acquiring a useful MRI study depends upon understanding basic MRI principles and choosing the correct pulse sequences. This article introduces the reader to principles of MRI, image contrast, and appropriate pulse sequence selection for imaging. Lastly, the article briefly describes diffusion imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and chemical shift artifact. The fundamental topics addressed in this article are items that exotic animal practitioners using MRI should know and be able to put to immediate use.  相似文献   

An overview of arboviruses affecting domestic animals in Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TD ST GEORGE 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(12):393-395

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