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The survival of salmon lice. Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) on Arctic charr. Salvelinus alpinus (L.). in fresh water was studied. The results showed that salmon lice were able to survive for up to 3 weeks, in contrast with previous published information that the parasite is quickly shed when the fish enters fresh water. 相似文献
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MICHAEL A. ST. JOHN J. STEVENSON MACDONALD PAUL J. HARRISON RICHARD J. BEAMISH EDWARD CHOROMANSKI 《Fisheries Oceanography》1992,1(2):153-162
Zooplankton and fish densities in the southern Strait of Georgia were observed to coincide with variations in surface salinities resulting from the outflow of the Fraser River. Vertical net hauls in the euphotic zone revealed that copepods, amphipods, and euphausiids were significantly more abundant per m3 in the brackish estuarine plume (surface salinities - 10–15 ppt) when compared to the area covered by the freshwater of the Fraser River plume (0–10 ppt) and the region of the Strait of Georgia (25–30 ppt) unaffected by the outflow of the Fraser River.
The estuarine and riverine plumes had significantly higher fish densities (adult and juvenile herring, and juvenile salmonids [excluding chinook]) than the Strait of Georgia region, with no significant differences in densities of juvenile chinook salmon observed between regions. The highest catches of juvenile salmonids were at the boundary between the estuarine plume and the Strait of Georgia. Zooplankton found in the stomach contents of both adult and juvenile herring suggested that the herring were filter-feeding on the zooplankton in the estuarine plume. Juvenile salmonids fed primarily on small unidentifiable juvenile fish. The existence of increased densities of prey items in the estuarine plume is proposed to be the primary mechanism resulting in increased residence time in this region by outmigrating juvenile salmonids. Utilization of aggregated zooplankton could lead to increased salmonid growth rates and therefore to enhanced survival of individuals utilizing the Fraser River plume environment. 相似文献
The estuarine and riverine plumes had significantly higher fish densities (adult and juvenile herring, and juvenile salmonids [excluding chinook]) than the Strait of Georgia region, with no significant differences in densities of juvenile chinook salmon observed between regions. The highest catches of juvenile salmonids were at the boundary between the estuarine plume and the Strait of Georgia. Zooplankton found in the stomach contents of both adult and juvenile herring suggested that the herring were filter-feeding on the zooplankton in the estuarine plume. Juvenile salmonids fed primarily on small unidentifiable juvenile fish. The existence of increased densities of prey items in the estuarine plume is proposed to be the primary mechanism resulting in increased residence time in this region by outmigrating juvenile salmonids. Utilization of aggregated zooplankton could lead to increased salmonid growth rates and therefore to enhanced survival of individuals utilizing the Fraser River plume environment. 相似文献
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All 170 Pythium isolates from carrot cavity spot lesions from a field in Western Australia were found to belong to either P. coloratum or P. sulcatum . All isolates of P. coloratum produced large, brownish-black, water-soaked and depressed lesions on mature carrots inoculated with agar plugs colonized by the pathogen. In comparison, only a few isolates of P. sulcatum produced lesions and these were small. In glasshouse trials, P. coloratum produced substantial and numerous lesions at an inoculum density of 0.5% (weight of millet seed-based inoculum/weight of soil), whilst P. sulcatum produced few and small lesions at inoculum densities of 0.8 and 1% and none at 0.5%. This is the first record of P. coloratum as a causal agent of cavity spot of carrots. 相似文献
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The soil-borne plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is widely distributed in the jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata ) forest of Western Australia. Infested areas of the forest are mined for bauxite and the presence of the pathogen could after the survival of trees re-established after mining. Monitoring of 21 revegetated bauxite mined areas found that survival of jarrah and marri ( Eucalyptus calophylla ) trees was high (85–92% and 93–99%, respectively) after 5–7 years but P. cinnamomi was recovered from dead trees. To identify trees for more detailed study, plant symptoms of stress such as suppressed growth, wilting, yellowing of crown, coppice and epicormic growth and visible stem lesions were used. Over a period of 15 months, 30 E. marginata and 28 E. calophylla were carefully excavated and examined for lesions and the presence of P. cinnamomi. P. cinnamomi was consistently isolated from the lignotuber and collar regions of both hosts but never from the roots alone, except in one instance from E. calophylla where it was isolated from a non-lesioned root. In E. calophylla , the lignotuber appears to be very susceptible to invasion by P. cinnamomi in contrast to the roots which appear resistant. The invasion of the pathogen into the lignotuber and collar regions of both species was consistently associated with ponding of water around the plants. This ponding persists for many hours to days after rain and appears to provide an infection court for P. cinnamomi. Development of rehabilitation procedures to reduce this ponding will minimize the risk of tree deaths caused by this pathogen. 相似文献
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Unwounded and wounded periderm tissue of 1-year old stems of Eucalyptus marginata were infected and lesioned after 5 days'exposure to either mycelium or motile zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Lesions produced by P. cinnamomi were longer in wounded than in unwounded stems. The inclusion of non-sterile mine site soil with inocula in the unwounded treatments did not affect the rate or extent to which P. cinnamomi colonized E. marginata stem tissue. The ability of P. cinnamomi zoospores to infect unwounded suberized woody tissue of E. marginata , has important implications for mine site rehabilitation in P. cinnamomi infested areas. This is the first study to demonstrate clearly that zoospores of P. cinnamomi can infect and invade unwounded suberized tissue. 相似文献