Live and inactivated vaccine regimens against caecal Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in laying hens          下载免费PDF全文

PJ Groves  SM Sharpe  WI Muir  A Pavic  JM Cox 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(10):387-393

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Negative pressure wound therapy using a portable single‐use device for free skin grafts on the distal extremity in seven dogs          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Miller  RG Cashmore  AM Marchevsky  M Havlicek  PM Brown  SM Fearnside 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(9):309-316

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Third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas using a polyurethane gastrostomy tube     

GW Smith  MP Gerard  NB Campbell  DM Foster  SM Smith  JL Davis 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):487-491

Objective To develop a simple and effective surgical technique for third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas. Design Prospective study using six adult male alpacas. Methods General anaesthesia was induced and a polyurethane gastrostomy tube was surgically implanted into the distal portion of the third compartment. Results Three of the alpacas retained their cannulas for a 100‐day period; however, three cannulas were dislodged during the study. Two of the three dislodged cannulas were replaced during a second surgical procedure. Cannulas were well tolerated by the alpacas and all animals remained clinically healthy during the study period. Third compartment contents did not leak from the cannulation site. The tubes were manually removed following the completion of the study and the small defect in the body wall quickly healed over in all animals. Conclusion Surgical placement of polyurethane tubes designed for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a useful method of cannulating the third compartment in camelids. This technique can be used for experimental studies and possibly could be used for nutritional support and fluid therapy in sick camelids that might need long‐term care.  相似文献   

Molecular mechanism of Chinese medicine formula (Bushen Bugu Tang) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis     

TENG Xiao-ying  WANG Lian-tang  Huang L  Kumta SM 《园艺学报》2004,20(11):2005-2010

AIM: To study the molecular mechanism of Chinese medicine formula Bushen Bugu Tang (BSBGT) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). METHODS: Forty female SD rats were divided into four groups: the sham group, OVX group, estrogen treatment group and BSBGT treatment group, ten for each, difference operation and treatment were given. Subsequently, bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphometric changes and collagen type I expression in the femur of these rats were examined. In order to position the target of the formula acting on bone, the effect of BSBGT on regulation of mRNA levels of RANKL and OPG, two key factors for regulating osteoclastogenesis, by using rat calvarial-derived stromal cell cultrues, was elucidated. RESULTS: The BSBGT formula was found as effective as estrogen in preventing the reduction of BMD, the trabecular area and trabecular numbers in femora and also the decrease in collagen type I expression following ovariectomy. RT-PCR resulted showed that both estrogen and BSBGT significantly up-regulated OPG mRNA level and down-regulated RANKL mRNA level, resulting in an increased ratio of OPG/RANKL in cultured rat stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of OPG/RANKL within the osseous environment determines whether bone formation predominates bone resorption. We therefore concluded that the BSBGT formula might be as effective as estrogen in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis through the mechanism of up-regulating RANKL expression and down-regulating OPG expression in osteoblast/stromal cells.  相似文献   

Pattern of Coombs' test reactivity has diagnostic significance in dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia     

Warman SM  Murray JK  Ridyard A  Eastwood J  Silva S  Day MJ 《The Journal of small animal practice》2008,49(10):525-530

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical significance of the pattern of Coombs' test reactivity in dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. METHODS: Sixty-five anaemic dogs with a positive Coombs' test were included. Coombs' testing was performed at 4 and 37 degrees C with polyvalent canine Coombs' reagent and antisera specific for each of canine immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M and complement factor C3. The impact of performing testing with only polyvalent antiserum at 37 degrees C was assessed. Chi-squared tests were used to compare Coombs' test reactivity in dogs with primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (group A) and in dogs with concurrent/underlying disease (group B). Following Bonferroni correction, significance was set at P < or = 0.003. RESULTS: Eleven dogs would have been regarded as Coombs' negative had they been tested with polyvalent antiserum at 37 degrees C alone. Group A dogs were significantly more likely to be positive with polyvalent antiserum and/or anti-dog immunoglobulin G at 4 and/or 37 degrees C (P < or = 0.001) and tended to be less likely to be positive with anti-dog immunoglobulin M at 4 degrees C (P=0.040). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Testing of anaemic dogs with polyvalent Coombs' reagent at 37 degrees C was less sensitive than testing with monovalent reagents at 4 and 37 degrees C. The pattern of Coombs' test reactivity differed significantly between dogs with primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and those with concurrent/underlying disease.  相似文献   

The Current State of Solar Modeling     

J Christensen-Dalsgaard  W Dappen  SV Ajukov  ER Anderson  HM Antia  S Basu  VA Baturin  G Berthomieu  B Chaboyer  SM Chitre  AN Cox  P Demarque  J Donatowicz  WA Dziembowski  M Gabriel  DO Gough  DB Guenther  JA Guzik  JW Harvey  F Hill  G Houdek  CA Iglesias  AG Kosovichev  JW Leibacher  P Morel  CR Proffitt  J Provost  J Reiter  EJ Rhodes  FJ Rogers  IW Roxburgh  MJ Thompson  RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292

Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations.  相似文献   

Capacitation of Frozen Thawed Buffalo Bull (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatozoa with Higher Heparin Concentrations     

A Mehmood  M Anwar  SM Saqlan Naqvi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):376-379

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of high heparin concentration on capacitation of buffalo spermatozoa with a short incubation time. Frozen thawed spermatozoa from three buffalo bulls were pooled and treated with either 50, 100 or 200 microg/ml heparin for 30 min. Capacitation was evaluated by acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization rate (per cent cleavage rate, per cent cleavage index). Acrosome reaction was induced in heparin treated spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 and staining was carried out with Coomassie G-250 to evaluate the response as compared with control (0 heparin + calcium ionophore). Significantly higher percentage of acrosome reaction (AR) spermatozoa was noted after heparin treatment (36.8-48.2%) as compared with control (8.1% ; p < 0.05) but differences among the three heparin concentrations were non-significant. However, a significantly higher in vitro fertilization rate was recorded in spermatozoa capacitated by 50 and 100 microg/ml heparin (80.4 and 75.9% cleavage rate, respectively) as compared with 200 microg/ml heparin (47.2% cleavage rate; p < 0.001). It is concluded that buffalo spermatozoa capacitated with 50-100 microg/ml heparin had significantly higher ability to improve in vitro fertilization rate in buffalo.  相似文献   

Marking to weaning production aspects of lambs provided with NSAID analgesia compared with lambs receiving no analgesia at the time of elastrator ring marking     

AH Small  S Belson  H Brewer  SM Schmoelzl 《Australian veterinary journal》2021,99(1-2):40-43

The provision of analgesia at the time of marking has been adopted by the Australian sheep industry, but data on production benefits are lacking. In the current study, alternate lambs were provided with either meloxicam (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug [NSAID], n = 781) or no analgesia (NONE, n = 822) at the time of ring castration and tail docking. Six distinct management groups of lambs were studied. Lambs were weighed immediately before marking and then again at weaning. There was no significant effect of treatment on average daily gain between marking and weaning in cross‐bred lambs. In Merino lambs, average daily gain was 5 g/day lower (P < 0.005) in lambs receiving NSAID, but this may not be biologically significant. Lamb losses were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the NSAID group (1.1%) than in the NONE group (2.7%). This observation is worth validating in larger studies, particularly considering that lamb mortality is a significant cost to production and welfare concern.  相似文献   

Characterization of ester sulphate in a gypsum-amended podzol using an immobilized sulphatase reactor     

G. Q. J. Lou  P. R. Warman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1994,17(4):276-280

An immobilized sulphatase reactor column was successfully used to determine the biochemical stability of ester sulphate in soil organic matter extracted from a podzol amended with gypsum. The sulphatase from Helix pomatia was covalently attached to controlled-porosity glass beads, and the immobilized enzyme was packed into a small glass column. The optimum pH, the time required to reach equilibrium, and the percentage of substrate consumed for the enzymatic hydrolysis of soil ester sulphate (pH 7.7, 90 min, 23–59%) were substantially different from those of p-nitrophenyl sulphate at similar concentrations of substrate (pH 7.0, 40 min, 99%). The striking difference in the biochemical stability and kinetic behaviour between soil ester sulphate and the simple synthetic substrate reflected their different chemical nature and structural features. The amounts of enzymatically hydrolysable (labile) ester sulphate in soil organic matter extracted from the podzol amended with gypsum at rates of 0, 50, and 200 kg S ha^-1 were significantly different (P=0.0004), being 0.5, 1.1, and 1.4 g S ml^-1 soil extract (or 5, 11, and 14 g S g^-1 soil), respectively. The labile ester sulphate was not correlated with the total hydriodic acid-reducible organic sulphate with the soil organic matter extracts but with the hydriodic acid-reducible organic sulphate: organic C ratio, which increased as a result of gypsum amendment. This study revealed that input of inorganic sulphate as gypsum substantially increased the accumulation of labile ester sulphate in a podzol.  相似文献   

Amino-N compounds found in soil organic matter hydrolysates of a loamy sand using an immobilized protease reactor column     

P .R. Warman  C. Bishop 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,5(3):219-224

Summary Soil organic matter (OM) from seven different fertility plots of a loamy sand was extracted and fractionated into high- and low-molecular-weight (HMW, LMW) fractions using gel filtration. The fractions were acid-hydrolyzed to determine the amino sugar and amino acid contents. The same fractions were hydrolyzed with an immobilized protease reactor column. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the soil amino-N compounds. With the HMW fraction as substrate, the enzyme released less than 1% of 11 amino-N compounds determined by acid hydrolysis. Phenylalanine and leucine, however, were recovered in quantities of 2% and 4%, respectively. Immobilized protease hydrolysis of the LMW fraction recovered considerably more amino-N compounds compared with acid hydrolysis of the same fractions. Each system of hydrolysis produced some amino-N compounds not found in the other. We conclude that an immobilized enzyme reactor column will allow a researcher to perform time-course hydrolysis, so that hydrolysis intermediates, e.g. peptides, can be separated and identified.  相似文献