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11.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
12.
Waruiru RM Onyando CO Machuka RO 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2003,74(2):49-52
Between June 1999 and August 2000, the effects of feeding medicated urea-molasses supplement blocks on the growth of dairy heifers in a marginal area of central Kenya were assessed by comparing the live-weight gain of supplemented and unsupplemented heifers grazing the same pasture. Thirty-nine heifers with an average age of 9.6 months were initially treated orally with albendazole (10 mg/kg body weight) and assigned to 3 groups: group I was fed urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole (MUMB), group II was fed urea-molasses blocks (UMB) and group III heifers (control) received no block supplementation (NBS). Body weights of the heifers and faecal egg counts (FECs) were measured monthly and larval cultures were made of positive faecal samples of each group. The mean cumulative live-weight responses of the MUMB and UMB groups were significantly greater than the NBS group (P < 0.05). However, at the end of the experimental period, the mean weight gain of the MUMB group did not differ from that of the UMB group (P > 0.05). The FECs were moderate to low in all groups and decreased progressively with increasing age of the animals; FECs for the urea-molasses-supplemented groups remained significantly lower than those of the NBS group throughout the experimental period (P < 0.05). Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus were the predominant nematode genera found in the heifers, but Cooperia, Bunostomum and Oesophagostomum were also present. These results indicate that feeding of urea-molasses blocks substantially reduced production losses attributable to nematode infection of young grazing cattle, and confirms previous observations that well-fed animals are better able to overcome the effects of helminth infections. 相似文献
13.
The Influence of Supplementation with Urea–Molasses Blocks on Weight Gain and Nematode Parasitism of Dairy Calves in Central Kenya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Waruiru RM 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(4):307-315
The effect of feeding urea-molasses blocks (UMB) on the growth and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism of dairy weaner calves grazing on the same pasture was investigated on a farm in Thika District, central Kenya. Twenty-six female calves, with an average age of 9 months, were initially treated orally with albendazole (10 mg/kg body weight) and assigned into two groups: animals in group I were fed urea-molasses blocks (UMB) prepared using a cold process and those in group II were the controls. The UMB were given in the evening, when the animals returned from grazing, and were consumed during the night at a rate of 550 g/head per day. Supplementation was undertaken on three occasions for three consecutive months, between July and August 1999, and between January and March and July and September 2000. The body weights of the calves and the faecal egg counts were measured monthly and larval cultures were performed on positive faecal samples from each group. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the cumulative weight gains of the two groups of calves from September onwards. The UMB group averaged (+/- SD) 311.2 +/- 14.9 g/day over the study period, while the control group averaged 235.7 +/- 23.5 g/day; the UMB group also reached breeding weight earlier (p < 0.05) than the control group. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the faecal egg counts between the groups, the predominant genera of gastrointestinal nematodes in faecal cultures being Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. Other nematodes were Cooperia spp., Bunostomum spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. 相似文献
14.
Waruiru R.M. Nansen P. Kyvsgaard N.C. Thamsborg S.M. Munyua W.K. Gathuma J.M. Bøgh H.O. 《Veterinary research communications》1998,22(5):325-334
The gastrointestinal tracts of 672 crossbred cattle were obtained from various abattoirs in Kiambu District, Kenya from August 1992 to July 1993, and examined for the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes. Eight nematode species were found in 583 (86.8%) of the animals. The nematodes were, in order of prevalence: Haemonchus placei (67.0%), Cooperia pectinata (53.0%), Cooperia punctata (41.7%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (38.4%), Trichostrongylus axei (24.3%), Nematodirus helvetianus (19.6%), Trichuris globulosa (9.7%) and Strongyloides papillosus (3.6%). The intensity of the nematode infection was moderate; the mean burden being less than 7000 worms. H. placei accounted, on average, for 52.3% of the total burden. The total burden was least during the dry seasons and increased gradually during the rainy seasons. Adult H. placei persisted in the host throughout the year and there was no indication of hypobiosis. The heaviest gastrointestinal worm burdens were detected in 1.5- to 3-year-old animals. These findings are discussed with regard to their relevance for strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. 相似文献
15.
R. M. Waruiru E. H. Weda H. O. Bøgh W. K. Munyua J. M. Gathuma S. M. Thamsborg P. Nansen 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(3):129-140
Summary The efficacy of morantel sustained release trilaminate (MSRT) bolus against gastrointestinal nematodes was evaluated under
field conditions over a 10-month period. Twenty weaner calves were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 calves each and grazed
from March to December on adjacent, similarly contaminated paddocks. Group 1 calves (T-1) served as untreated controls while
group 2 calves (T-2) were dosed at turnout with MSRT bolus designed to release morantel tartrate continuously for 90 days.
The efficacy of MSRT was assessed by comparison of parasitological data (faecal worm egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm
counts from tracer calves and set-stocked trial calves, determination of haematological parameters and pepsinogen levels),
weight gains and clinical status of the animals. Faecal egg counts from the treated group (T-2) were reduced by 100% (P <
0·001) following treatment and remained significantly (P < 0·05) lower than counts from T-1 calves up to trial termination.
The use of MSRT bolus resulted in a reduction of 92% (P < 0·001) in the number of gastrointestinal nematodes in set-stocked
calves at the end of the study and a 55 to 85·7% reduction in herbage larval infectivity as reflected in lowered parasite
burdens in tracer calves. At the trial termination, the control calves had gained on average (± s.d.) 59·4 ± 4·8 kg (200·0
± 7·4 g day−1) and the treated ones on an average 128·6 ± 10·5 kg (530·0 ± 13·1 g day−1).
Eficacia De La Utilizacion De Bolos Trilaminados De Morantel Frente A Nematodos Gastrointestinales En Vacuno De Leche En Pastoreo En Kenya
Resumen Se evaluó la eficacia de los bolos trilaminados de liberación continua de morantel (MSRT) frente a nematodos gastrointestinales en condiciones de campo y durante un período de 10 meses. Un total de 20 terneros recién destetados fueron divididos al azar en dos grupos de 10 animales cada uno y mantenidos en pastoreo desde marzo hasta diciembre en parcelas adyacentes y con una carga parasitaria similar. Los terneros del grupo 1 (T-1) fueron los animales control y no recibieron ningun tratamiento, mientras que los terneros del grupo 2 (T-2) fueron tratados con MSRT al inicio del período de pastoreo; los MSRT estaban dise?ados para liberar tartrato de morantel de forma contínua durante 90 días. La eficacia de los MSRT se evaluó comparando datos parasitológicos (huevos en heces, larvas en el pasto, parásitos en los animales, parámetros hematológicos y niveles de pepsinógeno), ganancias de peso y datos clínicos. El número de huevos en heces en los animales T-2 se redujo en un 100% (P < 0·001) después del tratamiento y se mantuvo significativamente más bajo (P 0·05) que el de los animales T-1 durante todo el experimento. La utilización de MSRT resultó en una reducción del 92% (P < 0·001) en el número de nematodos gastrointestinales y en una reducción del 55 al 85·7% en el número de larvas en el pasto. La ganancia de peso final fue de 59·4 ± 4·8 kg en los animales T-1 (200·0 ± 7·4 g/día) y de 128·6 ± 10·5 kg en los animales T-2 (530·0 ± 13·1 g/día).
Efficacite Du Morantel Por Voie Orale Contre Des Nematodes Gastro-Intestinaux Chez Des Veaux Laitiers Au Kenya
Résumé L’efficacité du Morantel distribué par voie orale, contre des nématodes intestinaux fut évaluéein situ sur plus de 10 mois. 20 veaux sevrés furent répartis au hasard dans 2 groupes de 10 veaux chacuns et broutèrent de Mars à Décembre sur 2 parcelles adjacentes et contaminées de fa?on identique. Le premier groupe (T-1) servit de temoin alors que le deuxième groupe (T-2) re?ut du morantel de fa?on continue pendant 90 jours. L’efficacité du Morantel fut analysée par comparaison des données parasitologiques (nombre d’oeufs de nématode dans les faèces, nombre de larve dans l’herbe, nombre de nematodes chez des veaux de contr?le mobiles et non mobiles, determination des paramètres hématologiques et des tereurs en pepsinogène), des gains de poids et des caractéristiques cliniques des animaux. Le nombre d’oeufs dans les faeces furent réduits de 100% dans le groupe (T-2) (P < 0,001) après le traitement et perdura de fa?on significative (P < 0,05) en dessous des valeurs pour les veaux du groupe (T-1) et cela jusqu’à la fin de l’éxpérience. L’utilisation du Morantel par voie orale entra?na une réduction de 92% dans le nombre des nématodes intestinaux dans les veaux immobilisés à la fin de l’experimentation ainsi qu’une réduction de 55 à 85,7% des larves dans les herbages témoin d’une diminution des parasites rejetés par les animaux sentinels. A la fin de l’expérimentation, les veaux du groupe de contr?le gagnèrent en moyenne 59,4 kg ± 4,8 kg (200,0 ± 7,4 g/jour) alors que les animaux traités gagnèrent en moyenne 128,6 ± 10,5 kg (530,0 ± 13,1 g/jour).相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Weda EH Otieno RO Ngotho JW 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2002,69(2):141-146
The type and level of infective strongylid nematode larvae on pasture were monitored fortnightly from July 1995 to June 1996 in the central highlands of Kenya. The number of larvae on pasture was moderate, reaching > 1,200 kg(-1) dry matter of grass during the period of, and soon after, the rains, and remained low in the dry seasons. The number of larvae on pasture was directly related to the rain-fall pattern which was found to be the most important factor for the development of eggs and free-living stages. Haemonchus was the predominant genus, followed in decreasing order by Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Bunostomum. The mean total adult worm burdens of tracer calves released at monthly intervals were related to the levels of herbage larvae and there was a positive correlation between faecal worm egg counts and worm burdens (r = 0.58) during the study period. These results indicate that a reduction in the contamination of pasture with nematode eggs before the rains could result in pastures carrying fewer larvae and thus form the basis of effective worm control programmes for cattle. 相似文献
17.
Veterinary Research Communications - 相似文献