Gut morphology of the Otomyine rodents: an arid-mesic comparison     

T.P. Jackson  A.C. Spinks 《African Zoology》2013,48(4):236-240

In this article we examine the gut morphology of the only three arid-occurring otomyine rodents; Brants’ whistling rat, Parotomys brantsii, Littledale’s whistling rat, Parotomys littledalei and the Karoo bush rat, Otomys unisulcatus and relate this to the semi-arid environment in which they are endemic. All three otomyine rodents display a gastro-intestinal system well suited to a wholly herbivorous diet, with a well-developed caecum and relatively long large intestine. Despite the broad similarity in the gross gastro-intestinal anatomy between the species examined in this study and their mesic-occurring otomyine counterparts, the results suggest an elongation of the large intestine, with a concurrent reduction in the size of the small intestine In the arid-occurring species. We argue that this trend may be related to water conservation and is supported by the distribution of the three species, with P. littledalei, which occurs in the most arid areas of the three, having the longest large intestine.  相似文献   

Granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis associated with Monocillium indicum infection in a dog.     

John T Mackie  Arvind A Padhye  Reginald J Sutherland  Warwick A Lamb  Stephen Davis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(3):248-250

This report describes severe generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis in a 5-year-old, spayed female, Rottweiler dog with anorexia and diarrhea. There was replacement or effacement of much of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and spleen by sheets of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and myriad nonpigmented fungal organisms, most of which appeared to be intracellular. These organisms were very pleomorphic, including large chlamydospore-like cells, small round yeast-like cells, and septate hyphae. A fungus identified as Monocillium indicum was isolated from lymph node tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with Monocillium in either humans or other animals.  相似文献   

Comparison of Fick and thermodilution cardiac output determinations in standing horses     

Lépiz ML  Keegan RD  Bayly WM  Greene SA  McEwen MM 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(2):307-314

The Fick and thermodilution (TD) methods are two currently popular techniques for determination of cardiac output (CO) in adult horses. To our knowledge, a comparison of these two techniques has not been reported. Six healthy, resting, fit, adult horses of either sex and weighing 516.5+/-33.2 kg (mean+/-SD) were instrumented to enable measurement of cardiac output. Resting CO was determined by the Fick method and by thermodilution while the horses stood quietly in the stocks. Fick and thermodilution CO measurements were repeated under conditions of increased cardiac output achieved with the use of a dobutamine infusion (5 microg kg(-1) min(-1), IV), and again under conditions of decreased CO induced by administration of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg, IV). Fick and thermodilution cardiac outputs were compared using Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measures. The mean of the differences+/-1.96SD (bias and precision) between the two techniques was 1.88+/-24.17 L/min. Variability between measurements with the two techniques was decreased to 3.41+/-46.78 mL kg(-1) min(-1) when CO was normalized for body size by calculation of cardiac index.  相似文献   

Monitoring with benthic fauna in Italian coastal lagoons: new tools for new prospects     

Cristina Munari  Richard M. Warwick  Michele Mistri 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(5):575-587

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Malformations of the great arteries and heart in Arabian foals     

Warwick M. Bayly  Arturs Vitums 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1981,1(6):193-197

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Detectionin situ of endophyte withinTricholoma matsutake/Pinus densiflora mycorrhizal roots     

Warwick M. Gill  Kazuo Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(4):289-292

Tricholoma matsutake/Pinus densiflora mycorrhizas andP. densiflora roots were collected from beneath matureT. matsutake fruit-bodies in a Shiro in central Japan and investigated for evidence of endophytic infection.Tricholoma matsutake infection was determined microscopically on cleared, bleached and stained mycorrhizas by the presence of both a thin, discontinuous mantle and highly branched, sparingly septate Hartig net mycelium within the root cortex. Endophytic infection of Matsutake mycorrhizas was characterized by intracortical sclerotia, simple septate mycelium within the cortex and vascular cylinder and intracellular spore masses within the root cortex. This research was supported by a grant from the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN).  相似文献   

Only two weeks are required forTricholoma matsutake to differentiate ectomycorrhizal Hartig net structures in roots ofPinus densiflora seedlings cultivated on artificial substrate     

Lu-Min Vaario  Alexis Guerin-Laguette  Warwick M. Gill  Frédéric Lapeyrie  Kazuo Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(4):293-297

There has been conflicting debate over many years regarding the trophic status ofTricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing., and further investigations are necessary to better understandT. matsutake physiology, particularly carbon nutrition, during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. For this purpose, we developed a technique to rapidly synthesizein vitro ectomycorrhizas betweenPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. andT. matsutake on artificial substrate (vermiculite: perlite: peat: beech sawdust; 5:5:1:1.), without added sugar in the nutrient solution. Only 1 week was required before the first rudimentary Hartig net ‘palmetti’ could be observed in roots. Well-developed Hartig net structures appeared in taproots after 2 weeks and in lateral roots after 3 weeks. Such rapid root infection may be attributed to the quality of the substrate and the inoculum used. This research was supported by a grant from the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN).  相似文献   

Torsional carbon nanotube artificial muscles     

Foroughi J  Spinks GM  Wallace GG  Oh J  Kozlov ME  Fang S  Mirfakhrai T  Madden JD  Shin MK  Kim SJ  Baughman RH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6055):494-497

Rotary motors of conventional design can be rather complex and are therefore difficult to miniaturize; previous carbon nanotube artificial muscles provide contraction and bending, but not rotation. We show that an electrolyte-filled twist-spun carbon nanotube yarn, much thinner than a human hair, functions as a torsional artificial muscle in a simple three-electrode electrochemical system, providing a reversible 15,000° rotation and 590 revolutions per minute. A hydrostatic actuation mechanism, as seen in muscular hydrostats in nature, explains the simultaneous occurrence of lengthwise contraction and torsional rotation during the yarn volume increase caused by electrochemical double-layer charge injection. The use of a torsional yarn muscle as a mixer for a fluidic chip is demonstrated.  相似文献   

Changing the geography of Asia Pacific Viewpoint     

Warwick E. Murray 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2005,46(3):243-246

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Seasonal Variation of Mercury Associated with Different Phytoplankton Size Fractions in Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada     

Rosemary W. H. Carroll  Jeramie Memmott  John J. Warwick  Christian H. Fritsen  Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo  Kumud Acharya 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,217(1-4):221-232

Sampling is conducted during 2006 in Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada to investigate seasonal variation of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) partitioning in different phytoplankton size fractions as a function of point source (fluvial) mercury (Hg) loads, reservoir residence time, and algal growth. Carson River Hg inputs into the reservoir are extremely dynamic with spring loads two orders of magnitude larger than summer loads. Chlorophyll a measurements show two periods of algal growth. A small amount of algal growth occurs March to May. A second more substantial bloom occurs in the late summer, which is dominated by large, filamentous algae. THg concentrations (C _b) and partitioning coefficients (K _d) in total suspended particulate matter (SPM) are highest when fluvial inputs of Hg-contaminated sediment are large and are not necessarily associated with living biomass. However, MeHg K _d in the small size fraction is indirectly related to fluvial loads and more strongly associated with living biomass in the later portion of the summer when algal growth occurs and reservoir residence times are longer. Data suggest size distinction is important to MeHg partitioning in the reservoir. Lumping all sizes into a single SPM sample will bias the analysis toward low MeHg C _b and low MeHg K _d in late summer when Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominates the phytoplankton assemblage.  相似文献