Diazepam potentiates the positive inotropic effects of histamine and forskolin in guinea-pig papillary muscles     

Hara  Kaigo  Minami  Watanabe  Gomi  Nishimura  Chugun  & Kondo 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1998,21(5):375-379

There have been diverse reports on the effects of diazepam on cardiac contractility. The purpose of this study was to examine whether diazepam modifies the inotropic response elicited by histamine on an isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle. The responses of electrically driven papillary muscle to histamine and cyclic AMP-related inotropic agents were recorded in the absence and in the presence of diazepam. Histamine and forskolin, which directly stimulate adenylate cyclase, significantly increased the contractile force in the papillary muscle in a concentration-dependent manner. A histaminergic H₂-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, but not a H₁-receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine, at 10 μ M produced a rightward shift in the concentration-response curve for histamine. Diazepam (10 μ M ) shifted the concentration-response curve for histamine and forskolin to the left by 1.8 and 1.6 times, respectively. Neither a central type (fulmazenil) nor a peripheral type (PK11195) of benzodiazepine receptor antagonist modified the effect of diazepam on the histaminergic-evoked contraction. Phosphodiesterase blockade by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine shifted the concentration-dependent curve for histamine to the left. A combination of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine also produced a leftward shift of the curve. However, there was no significant difference between the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine only group and the combination group. These results indicate that diazepam potentiates the positive inotropic effect produced by histamine, probably mediated via an increase in cyclic AMP levels induced by histamine.  相似文献   

Intracellular recording of rat neuron activity at the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus using triangular wave microelectrode oscillation     

T Watanabe 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(6):1147-1153

A triangular wave microelectrode oscillating apparatus was constructed to evaluate an intracellular recording of rat neuron activity in the medial preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. In this apparatus, electrodes passed a current with a frequency of 1.0 to 1.8 kHz and a voltage of 2.2 to 3.2 V and produced micro-oscillation of the electrode tip. The electrode was inserted into a neuron of the rat POA in vivo. In vivo recording of the activity of the rat POA neuron was possible. By means of electrical stimulation of the median eminence arcuate of the hypothalamus, an intracellular recording of antidromic, orthodromic or non-responding neuron was also possible. As a result, various components of the action potential such as the resting, threshold and spike potentials, and depolarization and repolarization such as after-hyperpolarization and after-depolarization were observed. The resting potentials ranged from 45 to 90 mV, and POA neurons possessed action potentials of almost the same magnitude. Several problems, however, remain to be solved. In general, the time available for the intracellular recordings is too short. The cells survive only for 15 minutes at the longest and may die in only a few minutes. An improvement of the apparatus was mandatory.  相似文献   

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in incriminated foods and clinical specimens from outbreaks of food poisoning     

K Shinagawa  K Watanabe  N Matsusaka  H Konuma  S Sugii 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(4):847-850

  相似文献   

Histo-and Cytochemical Studies on the Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase-positive Nerve Fibers in the Goat Adrenal Gland     

Tohru  Watanabe  Kohzy  Hiramatsu  Yasushige  Ohmori Young-Ki  Paik 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1990,19(3):245-254

The distribution patterns of acetylcholine esterase positive nerve fibers in the goat adrenal gland is described. Some positive cells are observed within the capsule. Terminals were identified in both the medulla and the cortex of the gland.  相似文献   

川西北草原鼠荒地治理技术研究     

王钰  周俗  赖秀兰  根呷羊批  杨思维  陈立坤  牛培莉  李开章  钟小山 《草原与草坪》2022,(5):73-80

对四川省阿坝州若尔盖县鼠荒地采取“害鼠控制+围栏封育+禁牧+整地施肥+草种补播” 的综合治理措施,并于治理前(2017 年)和治理后(2018—2020 年),采用堵洞开洞法调查高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae)有效洞口数量,利用植物群落调查法调查植物群落结构和植物物种多样性,分析治理后高原鼠兔相对种群密度、植物群落结构和植物物种多样性的变化。结果显示：治理后第 1 年、第 2 年和第 3 年 ,高原鼠兔有效洞口数分别减少了 90. 4%、90. 6% 和 64. 7%;植物种类分别增加了 60. 0%、40. 0% 和 35. 0%;植被平均高度分别增加了 437. 3%、441. 0% 和 442. 2%;植被盖度增幅分别为 153. 6%、152. 0% 和 140. 8%;平均鲜草产量分别达到 15 862. 5、15 007. 5 和 12 547. 5 kg/hm2 ,比治理前分别增加了 272. 2%、252. 0% 和 194. 3%;丰富度指数 、Shannon ‐Wiener 指数 、Simpson 指数和 Pielou 指数在治理 1 年后分别增加了 60. 0%、26. 0%、11. 6% 和 8. 9%,治理 2 年后分别增加了 40. 0%、 27. 6%、13. 3% 和 14. 7%,治理 3 年后分别增加了 35. 0%、27. 9%、13. 6% 和 16. 3%。该综合治理措施有效地提高了试验区植被的高度、盖度和地上生物量,增加了物种丰富度和多样性指,改变了植物群落结构,降低了高原鼠兔种群密度。  相似文献   

Distribution of boron in wood treated with aqueous and methanolic boric acid solutions     

Shigeru Yamauchi  Yoichi Sakai  Yasuo Watanabe  Michael Kenya Kubo  Hideaki Matsue 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(4):324-331

The distributions of boron in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood blocks treated with aqueous or methanolic boric acid [B(OH)₃] solutions were explored through Raman spectroscopy and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA). B(OH)₃ was the sole boron species observed in Raman spectra of the wood blocks treated with either solution. Plots of weight gain of the treated wood blocks versus boron concentration in treatment solutions were found to be linear. The results indicated that the methanolic solution makes it possible to impregnate wood with much larger amounts of boron than the aqueous solution. PGA confirmed that B(OH)₃ was highly enriched near the end grains of the treated wood blocks. Raman measurements suggested that boron content in the bulk of the wood block is not as large as expected from the weight gain of the treated wood blocks when an ordinary air-drying method is used. It was concluded that the aqueous solution impregnates the cell walls of wood with boron more easily than the methanolic solution. Part of this report was presented at the 55th (Kyoto, March 2005) and 56th (Akita, August 2006) Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society. This article follows the previous rapid communication “Analysis of boron in wood treated with boric acid solutions using Doppler broadening method of prompt gamma-rays.” J Wood Sci (2006) 52:279–281  相似文献   

Factors affecting forest growth and possible effects of climate change in the Taihang Mountains, northern China     

Yang  Yonghui; Watanabe  Masataka; Li  Fadong; Zhang  Jiqun; Zhang  Wanjun; Zhai  Jianwen 《Forestry》2006,79(1):135-147

To estimate the possible effects of site factors and climatechange on forest growth in the Taihang Mountains, northern China,we assessed the factors influencing forest growth by using forestinventory data from 712 forest sample plots. Meteorologicaldata from 77 meteorological stations in the region were usedto estimate temperature and precipitation at each site fromelevation and longitude. Analyses showed that temperature, aspect,precipitation and soil thickness all significantly influencedforest growing stock (FGS), i.e. stem volume. When temperaturerose, FGS was reduced, possibly because increasing temperatureincreased evapotranspiration. Precipitation had a positive effecton FGS. The effect of aspect on FGS was perfectly expressedas a cosine function, with south-west- and south-facing slopeshaving the lowest FGS and north-facing slopes having the highest.We developed multifactorial regression models to predict changesin FGS in the Taihang Mountains. Temperature, forest age, forestcover, soil thickness, precipitation and aspect were well relatedto FGS. The effects of a temperature decrease and a precipitationincrease on FGS would be 2.5–8 per cent per degree centigradeand 10 per cent per 100 mm, respectively. The combination oftemperature increase and precipitation changes under futureclimate change is likely to result in a decrease of FGS, thoughthis does not take account the effect of increasing CO₂. Wealso used multifactorial regression models to analyse the effectsof site factors on FGS of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Robiniapseudoacacia L., two major species used in afforestation inthe Taihang Mountains. Although site factors had similar effectson FGS, diameter at breast height and tree height of both species,prediction accuracy (regression coefficient) was improved greatlywhen we treated the species separately.  相似文献   

Chemical changes in steam-pressed kenaf core binderless particleboard   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ragil Widyorini  Jianying Xu  Takashi Watanabe  Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(1):26-32

The effects of chemical changes in kenaf core binderless particleboards on the bonding performance and thickness swelling of boards were investigated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Mild steam-injection treatments (0.6–1.0MPa) caused significant degradation of hemicelluloses, lignin, and cellulose. Conventional hot pressing caused a lower degree of degradation of the chemical components. The hot-pressed kenaf core board without any binders showed poor bonding performance. Thus, it was found that partial degradation of the three major chemical components of the kenaf core by mild steam-injection treatment increased the bonding performance and dimensional stability of the binderless boards, and gave better quality binderless boards than those made by hot-pressing treatments.Part of this report was presented at the 4th International Wood Science Symposium, Serpong, Indonesia, September 2002; and at the 53rd Annual Meeting of The Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003  相似文献   

Probabilistic evaluation of the final moisture content of kiln-dried lumber using the bootstrap method     

Ken Watanabe  Tomoyuki Hayashi  Isao Kobayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2016,62(6):479-486

This paper presents a probabilistic method of evaluating the final moisture content (MC) of lumber obtained at the end of the kiln-drying process. The final MC data of three different drying tests conducted in past studies were analyzed using the bootstrap method. Target MC was tentatively set below 20 % in the analysis. Two characteristic parameters representing the final MC were estimated with bootstrap confidence intervals. These parameters were the standard deviation (SD) and the percentage of the population that met the MC requirement of less than 20 % (P ₂₀). The histograms of the final MC and the subsequent goodness-of-fit tests revealed that the final MC data of two drying tests did not follow any classical probability distributions, including Normal, Log-Normal, Weibull, and Gamma distributions, thus indicating the need for nonparametric statistics. The uncertainty of the final MC could be evaluated with the estimated SD and P ₂₀. After deriving the relationships between P ₂₀ and the corresponding probability that P ₂₀ is not achieved, we demonstrated how such relationships could provide a kiln operator with information to facilitate better decision-making in optimizing a drying schedule.  相似文献   

Termite repellent sesquiterpenoids from Callitris glaucophylla heartwood     

Yasutaka Watanabe  Rie Mihara  Tohru Mitsunaga  Tsuyoshi Yoshimura 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(5):514-519

Fractions of methanol and ethanol extracts from the heartwood of white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla Thompson et Johnson) were investigated for their repellent activity against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker using a two-choice semicircular filter paper test at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. Fraction CY-E2 composed of (−)-citronellic acid, guaiol, α-, β-, and γ-eudesmol isomers as well as an unknown compound, showed the highest statistically significant repellency (97.8% ± 2.2 SEM) of all fractions tested. Bioactivity-guided fractionations using high-performance liquid chromatography led to the isolation of two, oxygenated eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with α-methylene moieties, both termite-repellent compounds. These compounds were subsequently identified as ilicic acid methyl ester (IAME) and costic acid by means of spectroscopic analyses, electron impact mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report the isolation of both IAME and costic acid from C. glaucophylla heartwood for the first time. Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Symposium on the Chemistry of Terpenes, Essential Oils, and Aromatics, Tokyo, November 2003  相似文献