A survey of nematode control measures used by sheep farmers and of anthelmintic resistance on their farms Part 2: South Island excluding the Nelson region     

A. Vlassoff  Jennifer M. Ayling  L.W. McMurtry  Shona J. Smith  A.J. Watson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):79-81

Forty-three randomly selected farms located throughout South Island, excluding the Nelson region, were surveyed for anthelmintic usage and for sheep nematodes resistant to anthelmintics.

Most farmers had used both benzimidazole and non-benzimidazole broad-spectrum drenches on their properties in previous years.

Sheep were being drenched, on average, 5.6 times within their first year of life but much less frequently thereafter. Commercial interests played the dominant role in helping farmers formulate their drenching policies. On each farm 24 numbered ewe replacement lambs, born during the spring of 1980, were sampled for faeces at the beginning of the trial to provide material for egg counts and larval cultures. The lambs were weighed and divided into three groups of eight. One group received thiabendazole (TBZ) at 66 mg/kg, the second levamisole (LEV) at 8 mg/kg while the third remained untreated as controls. All were resampled 4 to 10 days later.

On 32 (88%) of the 40 farms where drenching trials were successfully carried out during autumn 1981, the faecal egg count depression (FECD) following treatment with either drench was 100%. On one farm TBZ was less than 100% effective as gauged by FECD. LEV proved to be less than 100% effective on 7 farms. On one farm the FECD was less than 80%, on 2 between 90% and 95% and on 4 between 95% and 99%.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Emamectin Benzoate for the Control of Experimentally Induced Infestations of Argulus sp. in Goldfish and Koi Carp     

Shari K. Hanson  Jeffrey E. Hill  Craig A. Watson  Roy P. E. Yanong  Richard Endris 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(1):30-34

Abstract

The effect of 0.2% emamectin benzoate (SLICE; Intervet/ Schering-Plough Animal Health, Roseland, New Jersey) administered in top-dressed, pelleted commercial fish feed was evaluated for control of freshwater Argulus sp. in goldfish Carassius auratus and koi carp, a variant of common carp Cyprinus carpio, in freshwater aquaria at 24–25°C. Sixteen individually housed goldfish were each exposed to 37 Argulus. The number of fish lice attached to each fish at the start of the experiment was not determined; however, the total number of motile fish lice in each aquarium (on fish and in the water) was determined at the start and end of each experiment. Eight goldfish were fed the control diet (0 μg · kg fish biomass^?1 · d^?1) and eight were fed the medicated diet (50 μg · kg fish biomass^?1 · d^?1) for seven consecutive days. After treatment, fish louse infestation in controls was 20.5 ± 1.5 (mean ± SE) lice per fish. No Argulus were found on fish in the treated group. In a separate experiment, 10 individually housed koi were each exposed to 128 Argulus. Five koi were fed the control diet and five were fed a low-dose medicated diet (5 μg · kg fish biomass^?1 · d^?1) for 7 d. After treatment, fish louse infestation among the controls was 14.6 ± 3.8 lice per koi. No Argulus were found on koi in the treated group. Hence, a 7-d regimen of oral emamectin benzoate controlled experimental infestation of Argulus when administered to goldfish at 50 μg · kg fish biomass^?1 · d^?1 and to koi at 5 μg · kg fish biomass^?1 · d^?1.

Received March 24, 2010; accepted January 17, 2011  相似文献   

Structure of the canine oesophagus     

Alastair G. Watson B.Agr.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):195-200

The hardjo component of a bivalent pomona/hardjo vaccine was evaluated, using sheep. Nine sheep were vaccinated and 10 remained unvaccinated. All sheep were challenged with an intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection of a hardjo culture. After 13 weeks, the sheep were slaughtered and their kidneys cultured for leptospires.

There was a highly significant difference between the culture results from the two groups (p<0.001); 10/10 (100%) of the unvaccinated animals gave positive cultures compared with 2/9 (22%)of the vaccinates.  相似文献   

Tuberculosis in a Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)     

G.B. Davis  P.R. Watson  A.E. Billing 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3)

Generalised tuberculosis was found in a captive kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) at autopsy. Sequential faecal sampling of the other kiwis and falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) held in the aviary revealed an excretor of Mycobacterium avium.  相似文献   

Treatment of alopecia X with medroxyprogesterone acetate     

Linda A. Frank  Jacqueline B. Watson 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(6):624-e154

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Source relationships between streambank soils and streambed sediments in a mercury-contaminated stream     

Dickson  Johnbull O.  Mayes  Melanie A.  Brooks  Scott C.  Mehlhorn  Tonia L.  Lowe  Kenneth A.  Earles  Jennifer K.  Goñez-Rodriguez  Leroy  Watson  David B.  Peterson  Mark J. 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(4):2007-2019

Purpose

In contaminated streams, understanding the role of streambank and streambed source contributions is essential to developing robust remedial solutions. However, identifying relationships can be difficult because of the lack of identifying signatures in source and receptor pools. East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, TN, USA received historical industrial releases of mercury that contaminated streambank soils and sediments. Here, we determined relationships between the contaminated streambank soils and sand-sized streambed sediments.

Materials and methods

Field surveys revealed the spatial trends of the concentrations of inorganic total mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg), Hg lability as inferred by sequential extraction, particle size distribution, and total organic carbon. Statistical tests were applied to determine relationships between streambank soil and streambed sediment properties.

Results and discussion

Concentrations of Hg in streambank soils in the upper reaches averaged 206 mg kg^?1 (all as dry weight) (n?=?457), and 13 mg kg^?1 in lower reaches (n?=?321), while sand-sized streambed sediments were approximately 16 mg kg^?1 (n?=?57). Two areas of much higher Hg and MeHg concentrations in streambank soils were identified and related to localized higher Hg concentrations in the streambed sediments; however, most of the streambank soils have similar Hg concentrations to the streambed sediments. The molar ratio of Hg to organic carbon, correlation between MeHg and Hg, and particle size distributions suggested similarity between the streambank soils and the fine sand-sized fraction (125–250 μm) collected from the streambed sediments. Mercury in the fine sand-sized streambed sediments, however, was more labile than Hg in the streambank soils, suggesting an in-stream environment that altered the geochemistry of sediment-bound Hg.

Conclusions

This study revealed major source areas of Hg in streambank soils, identified possible depositional locations in streambed sediments, and highlighted potential differences in the stability of Hg bound to streambank soils and sediments. This work will guide future remedial decision making in EFPC and will aid other researchers in identifying source–sink linkages in contaminated fluvial systems.

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Measures of self-efficacy and norms for low-fat milk consumption are reliable and related to beverage consumption among 5th graders at school lunch     

Thompson VJ  Bachman C  Watson K  Baranowski T  Cullen KW 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(4):421-426

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability and validity of scales measuring low-fat milk consumption self-efficacy and norms during school lunch among a cohort of 5th graders. DESIGN: Two hundred and seventy-five students completed lunch food records and a psychosocial questionnaire measuring self-efficacy and norms for school lunch low-fat milk consumption during the fall and spring semesters of the 1998-1999 academic year. Test-retest reliability was assessed in participants who also completed the questionnaire in the spring semester (n = 262). Principal component analyses identified and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed latent variables. Bivariate correlations measured construct validity. SETTING: Houston-area middle school. SUBJECTS: Fifth graders (n = 275) from one middle school in southeast Texas. RESULTS: Two scales measuring psychosocial influences of low-fat milk consumption were identified and proved reliable in this population: milk self-efficacy and milk norms. Milk self-efficacy and norms were positively correlated with milk consumption and negatively correlated with consumption of sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS: These questionnaires can be used in similar interventions to measure the impact of self-efficacy and norms for drinking low-fat milk during school lunch.  相似文献   

Review of diagnostic laboratory submissions of adult cattle 'found dead' in England and Wales in 2004     

Watson EN  David GP  Cook AJ 《The Veterinary record》2008,163(18):531-535

A total of 253 submissions from adult cattle 'found dead' in England and Wales were referred to the Veterinary Laboratories Agency in 2004. Carcases accounted for 54 per cent of the submissions and were of more diagnostic value than other types of sample. Whether the animals were beef or dairy, their distance from the laboratory and the number of deaths in the incident affected the likelihood of samples being submitted. The probability of reaching a diagnosis was influenced by the type of sample, the level of testing and the interval from sampling to receipt in the laboratory. Systemic disease was the most frequent cause of death in both dairy and beef cattle with hypomagnesaemia being the most frequent diagnosis (52 per cent) in beef cattle. In dairy cattle, 34 per cent of the diagnoses were for sporadic events, including haemorrhage and torsions of the digestive and reproductive tracts.  相似文献   

Distemper Studies in Ferrets—Part VI: VI. Attempted Control of a Distem per Epidemic in a Ferret Colony with Tissue Va ccines and with Anti-serum     

E. A. Watson  L. M. Heath  P. J. G. Plummer 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1942,6(11):324-331

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Distemper Studies in Ferrets—Part II: II. Tissue Vaccines prepared from Viscerotropic Distemper Virus     

E. A. Watson  L. M. Heath 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1942,6(6):176-181

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