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11.
RJ DOBSON RB BESIER EH BARNES SCJ LOVE A VIZARD K BELL LF Le JAMBRE 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(11):756-761
OBJECTIVE: To provide principles for the appropriate use of avermectin/milbemycin or macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics in sheep, to ensure effective worm control and to minimise selection for ML resistance. STRATEGY: The principles were based on an assessment of the information currently available. The MLs were categorised into three groups (ivermectin [IVM], abamectin [ABA] and moxidectin [MOX]) based on structural differences, persistence and efficacy against ML resistant strains. The reported order of activity or efficacy against ML resistant worm strains was IVM相似文献
12.
RJ DOBSON RB BESIER EH BARNES SCJ LOVE K BELL LF Le JAMBRE 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(7):438-438
13.
R. M. Waruiru E. H. Weda H. O. Bøgh W. K. Munyua J. M. Gathuma S. M. Thamsborg P. Nansen 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(3):129-140
Summary The efficacy of morantel sustained release trilaminate (MSRT) bolus against gastrointestinal nematodes was evaluated under
field conditions over a 10-month period. Twenty weaner calves were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 calves each and grazed
from March to December on adjacent, similarly contaminated paddocks. Group 1 calves (T-1) served as untreated controls while
group 2 calves (T-2) were dosed at turnout with MSRT bolus designed to release morantel tartrate continuously for 90 days.
The efficacy of MSRT was assessed by comparison of parasitological data (faecal worm egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm
counts from tracer calves and set-stocked trial calves, determination of haematological parameters and pepsinogen levels),
weight gains and clinical status of the animals. Faecal egg counts from the treated group (T-2) were reduced by 100% (P <
0·001) following treatment and remained significantly (P < 0·05) lower than counts from T-1 calves up to trial termination.
The use of MSRT bolus resulted in a reduction of 92% (P < 0·001) in the number of gastrointestinal nematodes in set-stocked
calves at the end of the study and a 55 to 85·7% reduction in herbage larval infectivity as reflected in lowered parasite
burdens in tracer calves. At the trial termination, the control calves had gained on average (± s.d.) 59·4 ± 4·8 kg (200·0
± 7·4 g day−1) and the treated ones on an average 128·6 ± 10·5 kg (530·0 ± 13·1 g day−1).
Eficacia De La Utilizacion De Bolos Trilaminados De Morantel Frente A Nematodos Gastrointestinales En Vacuno De Leche En Pastoreo En Kenya
Resumen Se evaluó la eficacia de los bolos trilaminados de liberación continua de morantel (MSRT) frente a nematodos gastrointestinales en condiciones de campo y durante un período de 10 meses. Un total de 20 terneros recién destetados fueron divididos al azar en dos grupos de 10 animales cada uno y mantenidos en pastoreo desde marzo hasta diciembre en parcelas adyacentes y con una carga parasitaria similar. Los terneros del grupo 1 (T-1) fueron los animales control y no recibieron ningun tratamiento, mientras que los terneros del grupo 2 (T-2) fueron tratados con MSRT al inicio del período de pastoreo; los MSRT estaban dise?ados para liberar tartrato de morantel de forma contínua durante 90 días. La eficacia de los MSRT se evaluó comparando datos parasitológicos (huevos en heces, larvas en el pasto, parásitos en los animales, parámetros hematológicos y niveles de pepsinógeno), ganancias de peso y datos clínicos. El número de huevos en heces en los animales T-2 se redujo en un 100% (P < 0·001) después del tratamiento y se mantuvo significativamente más bajo (P 0·05) que el de los animales T-1 durante todo el experimento. La utilización de MSRT resultó en una reducción del 92% (P < 0·001) en el número de nematodos gastrointestinales y en una reducción del 55 al 85·7% en el número de larvas en el pasto. La ganancia de peso final fue de 59·4 ± 4·8 kg en los animales T-1 (200·0 ± 7·4 g/día) y de 128·6 ± 10·5 kg en los animales T-2 (530·0 ± 13·1 g/día).
Efficacite Du Morantel Por Voie Orale Contre Des Nematodes Gastro-Intestinaux Chez Des Veaux Laitiers Au Kenya
Résumé L’efficacité du Morantel distribué par voie orale, contre des nématodes intestinaux fut évaluéein situ sur plus de 10 mois. 20 veaux sevrés furent répartis au hasard dans 2 groupes de 10 veaux chacuns et broutèrent de Mars à Décembre sur 2 parcelles adjacentes et contaminées de fa?on identique. Le premier groupe (T-1) servit de temoin alors que le deuxième groupe (T-2) re?ut du morantel de fa?on continue pendant 90 jours. L’efficacité du Morantel fut analysée par comparaison des données parasitologiques (nombre d’oeufs de nématode dans les faèces, nombre de larve dans l’herbe, nombre de nematodes chez des veaux de contr?le mobiles et non mobiles, determination des paramètres hématologiques et des tereurs en pepsinogène), des gains de poids et des caractéristiques cliniques des animaux. Le nombre d’oeufs dans les faeces furent réduits de 100% dans le groupe (T-2) (P < 0,001) après le traitement et perdura de fa?on significative (P < 0,05) en dessous des valeurs pour les veaux du groupe (T-1) et cela jusqu’à la fin de l’éxpérience. L’utilisation du Morantel par voie orale entra?na une réduction de 92% dans le nombre des nématodes intestinaux dans les veaux immobilisés à la fin de l’experimentation ainsi qu’une réduction de 55 à 85,7% des larves dans les herbages témoin d’une diminution des parasites rejetés par les animaux sentinels. A la fin de l’expérimentation, les veaux du groupe de contr?le gagnèrent en moyenne 59,4 kg ± 4,8 kg (200,0 ± 7,4 g/jour) alors que les animaux traités gagnèrent en moyenne 128,6 ± 10,5 kg (530,0 ± 13,1 g/jour).相似文献
14.
Waruiru RM Weda EH Otieno RO Ngotho JW 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2002,69(2):141-146
The type and level of infective strongylid nematode larvae on pasture were monitored fortnightly from July 1995 to June 1996 in the central highlands of Kenya. The number of larvae on pasture was moderate, reaching > 1,200 kg(-1) dry matter of grass during the period of, and soon after, the rains, and remained low in the dry seasons. The number of larvae on pasture was directly related to the rain-fall pattern which was found to be the most important factor for the development of eggs and free-living stages. Haemonchus was the predominant genus, followed in decreasing order by Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Bunostomum. The mean total adult worm burdens of tracer calves released at monthly intervals were related to the levels of herbage larvae and there was a positive correlation between faecal worm egg counts and worm burdens (r = 0.58) during the study period. These results indicate that a reduction in the contamination of pasture with nematode eggs before the rains could result in pastures carrying fewer larvae and thus form the basis of effective worm control programmes for cattle. 相似文献
15.
We hypothesized that veterinarians and veterinary students may lack key knowledge about pulse oximetry, which may result in this type of patient monitor not being used on appropriate patient populations or to its full capabilities. A questionnaire was developed to assess an individual's knowledge and understanding of pulse oximetry. Residents and specialists in anesthesiology and critical care at several academic institutions were surveyed first to assess the questionnaire for clarity and to serve as a control group. General veterinary practitioners (GPs) attending continuing education courses at the University of Georgia were surveyed over a 24-month period. Students entering their senior year anesthesiology rotation at the University of Georgia were also surveyed. Residents and specialists (69% correct responses) scored significantly higher than senior students (46%), who scored significantly higher than GPs (34%). Only 15% of GPs and 21% of senior students reported that they had received training in pulse oximetry in school. Those who had received training scored significantly higher than those who did not. Many GPs did not report using a pulse oximeter on their critical patients under anesthesia, a group that would be expected to benefit from its use. Veterinarians have a poor understanding about how pulse oximetry works, the information provided by pulse oximetry, and how to best apply it to their patients. Furthermore, the respondents did not use pulse oximeters in a manner that would derive the most information and result in the greatest benefit to the patient relative to the cost of the instrument. Didactic training in veterinary curricula and during continuing education opportunities continues to be necessary in order to produce veterinarians, who have an understanding of the technologies available that can be used to improve patient care. 相似文献
16.
Previous studies have suggested that melting processes are responsible for the trace element variability observed in olivine-hosted basaltic melt inclusions. Melt inclusions from three individual lava samples (two from Mangaia, Cook Islands, and one from Tahaa, Society Islands) have heterogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, even though the erupted lavas are isotopically homogeneous. The range of Pb isotopic compositions from individual melt inclusions spans 50 percent of the worldwide range observed for ocean island basalts. The melt inclusion data can be explained by two-component mixing for each island. Our data imply that magmas with different isotopic compositions existed in the volcanic plumbing system before or during melt aggregation. 相似文献