Eclipse Measurements of Io's Sodium Atmosphere     

Schneider NM  Hunten DM  Wells WK  Trafton LM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4823):55-58

The satellites of Jupiter eclipsed each other in 1985, and these events allowed an unusual measurement of the sodium in Io's extended atmosphere. Europa was used as a mirror to look back through the Io atmosphere at the sun. The measured column abundances suggest that the atmosphere is collisionally thin above 700 kilometers and may be collisionally thin to the surface. The sodium radial profile above 700 kilometers resembles a 1500 kelvin exosphere with a surface density near 2 x 10(4) sodium atoms per cubic centimeter, but a complete explanation of the dynamics requires a more complex nonthermal model: the calculated loss rates suggest that the atmosphere is being replaced on a time scale of hours.  相似文献   

An X chromosome gene, WTX, is commonly inactivated in Wilms tumor     

Rivera MN  Kim WJ  Wells J  Driscoll DR  Brannigan BW  Han M  Kim JC  Feinberg AP  Gerald WL  Vargas SO  Chin L  Iafrate AJ  Bell DW  Haber DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5812):642-645

Wilms tumor is a pediatric kidney cancer associated with inactivation of the WT1 tumor-suppressor gene in 5 to 10% of cases. Using a high-resolution screen for DNA copy-number alterations in Wilms tumor, we identified somatic deletions targeting a previously uncharacterized gene on the X chromosome. This gene, which we call WTX, is inactivated in approximately one-third of Wilms tumors (15 of 51 tumors). Tumors with mutations in WTX lack WT1 mutations, and both genes share a restricted temporal and spatial expression pattern in normal renal precursors. In contrast to biallelic inactivation of autosomal tumor-suppressor genes, WTX is inactivated by a monoallelic "single-hit" event targeting the single X chromosome in tumors from males and the active X chromosome in tumors from females.  相似文献   

Garlic and papaya lack control over gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and lambs     

J.M. Burke  A. Wells  P. Casey  J.E. Miller 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) continue to hinder small ruminant production because of anthelmintic resistance and lack of effective products for GIN control in organic production. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available certified organic garlic product, fresh garlic juice, or garlic bulbs as an anthelmintic to control GIN in goats and papaya seeds for GIN control in lambs. In the first experiment, weaned meat goat kids were administered water or a commercial garlic juice product (n = 7/treatment). In the second experiment, kids were administered water, fresh garlic juice, or fed garlic bulbs (n = 9 or 10/treatment). In a third experiment, lambs were administered nothing or papaya seed in water (n = 12/treatment). Naturally infected goats were supplemented with bermudagrass hay and corn/soybean supplement in the first experiment or maintained on bermudagrass pasture in the second experiment or lambs grazed mixed grasses in the third. Blood and fecal samples were collected on Days 0, 7, and 14 after administration of treatment to examine changes in blood packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC). PCV and FEC were similar by Day 14 between kids treated with a commercial garlic juice and water in the first experiment. Similarly, PCV was not different among treatment groups in the second experiment. FEC of the garlic juice group was lower than the other two groups on Day 0, but was similar among groups by Day 14. Deworming was required in one goat within each treatment group by Day 7 and in three kids in the garlic juice group and two in the garlic bulb group by Day 14. No changes in PCV or FEC were apparent in response to papaya seed compared with untreated lambs. Based on the alternative plant products used in this study, garlic or papaya seed is not recommended as an aid to control GIN in goats or lambs.  相似文献   

Semiautomated analysis of ergonovine maleate or methylergonovine maleate tablets and injections by colorimetric or fluorometric systems.     

R D Kirchhoefer  C E Wells 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1975,58(5):879-883

Two semiautomated analytical systems have been developed to determine ergonovine and methylergonovine maleate in single tablets and injections. The active ingredient is dissolved in a tartrate buffer. In the fluorometric method the stream is automatically diluted with tartrate buffer and excited with ultraviolet light; the resulting fluorescence is measured and recorded. In the colorimetric method, the stream is automatically made basic with sodium hydroxide and extracted with n-butanol. The extract is mixed with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent. After reaction, the solution is mixed with sodium nitrite solution, and the developed color is measured at 550 nm. Recoveries of 100% were obtained from spiked placebos. Standard deviations for powdered tablet and injection samples ranged from 0.63 to 1.24%. Comparisons with the USP XVIII methods are presented.  相似文献   

GULLE AS A GRASSLAND FERTILIZER     

J. B. D. Herriott  D. A. Wells 《Grass and Forage Science》1962,17(3):167-170

An estimate was made of the fertilizer value of gülle for grassland under conditions in the East of Scotland. Organic nitrogen from liquid manure had an efficiency in herbage production about half that of inorganic nitrogen. The liquid manure was a rich source of potassium.
Generally, nitrogen response in this trial was low owing to the strong growth of clovers.  相似文献   

Wildlife conservation and lichens: By O. L. Gilbert. A supplement to the Journal of the Devon Trust for Nature Conservation Ltd. 1975. 16 pp. 21·5 ccm × 14 cm. Price: 25p.     

T.C.E. Wells 《Biological conservation》1976,10(1):77-79

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Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Asian Rice-Derived Food Products     

Kai Guo  Shenita Wells  Fengxiang X. Han  Zikri Arslan  Hua Sun  Jiuquan Zhang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(2):76

With the increase in the occurrence of heavy metal polluted rice in Asian countries, food safety of rice products is of utmost concern to consumers. The current study discusses the distribution of trace elements Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb in Asian rice-derived food products. Three types of food products, rice noodles, rice vinegar/wine, and rice snacks, were chosen for examination. Most toxic heavy metals and metalloid such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were found to be within the safe level of EPA. Since rice vinegar/wine is not the staple food for people, there is no noticeable safety concern. Rice noodles and snacks are consumed with noticeable Se content and they are possible for human Se source addition. With comparison with raw rice, rice-derived food products showed better quality in terms of toxic heavy metals and metalloids. This study is for the first time reporting a thorough understanding of safety concern of rice-derived food products. It provides baselines and understanding on current levels of trace elements and heavy metals in Asian-derived rice products as affected by food processes. It would also help consumers build up confidence on the food safety of Asian rice products.  相似文献