Can barber goby Elacatinus figaro control Neobedenia melleni infections on dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus?     

Roberto A R de Souza  Wesley F da Annunciação  Stephane M Lins  Eduardo G Sanches  Maurício L Martins  Mônica Y Tsuzuki 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(4):619-628

The interaction between cultured barber goby Elacatinus figaro (cleaner fish) and the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus, and the efficiency of the cleaner fish in removing ectoparasites were evaluated. When the interaction between these two species was observed, cleaner fish showed a preference for the largest groupers. In a second trial, treatments: TWC (Control) – two groupers without a cleaner fish, T1C – two groupers with one cleaner fish, T3C – two groupers with three cleaner fish and T6C – two groupers with six cleaner fish were tested in four replicates. After 8 days, monogeneans were removed and identified as Neobenedenia melleni. The highest mean abundance of parasites was found on the groupers in the TWC group (37 parasites per host) and the lowest on those in the T6C group (4.1 parasites per host). By increasing the number of cleaner fish, a higher cleaning efficiency was obtained, as observed in T6C, where almost 90% of the parasites were removed. Possibly, this removal would have been complete if the number of cleaners had not been reduced in the treatments due to the mortalities observed. This study demonstrates the possibility of using gobies to remove monogeneans and in improving grouper health.  相似文献   

In Vitro Comparison of a Single‐Layer (Continuous Lembert) versus Two‐Layer (Simple Continuous/Cushing) Hand‐Sewn End‐to‐End Jejunoileal Anastomosis in Normal Equine Small Intestine     

Wesley L. Lee DVM  Kira L. Epstein DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Ceri E. Sherlock BVetMed  Diplomate ACVS  P.O. Eric Mueller DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Randall B. Eggleston DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(5):589-593

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Floral resource partitioning by ants and bees in a jambolan Syzygium jambolanum (Myrtaceae) agroforestry system in Brazilian Meridional Amazon     

Wesley Dáttilo  Rodrigo L. Martins  Vera Uhde  Janaína C. Noronha  Fernando P. Florêncio  Thiago J. Izzo 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,85(1):105-111

The fruit production of flowering plants critically depends on the pollination services provided by animals that compete for flower resources. The output of competitive interactions between ants and bees for inflorescences of jambolan Syzygium jambolanum (Myrtaceae) in an agroforestry system in Brazilian Meridional Amazonian are an interesting system of investigation due the possibility to control variables experimentally. In 20 S. jambolanum individuals we performed 300 treatments in different inflorescences of two strata (upper and lower) as follows: (1) ants exclusion, (2) bees exclusion, and (3) control group where ants and bees could access the inflorescences. There was no difference in the number of inflorescences, volume of nectar and sugar concentration between the strata. Also the visitors considered are distributed equally in the tree??s stratum. When bees were prevented from access the inflorescences, ants dominated more inflorescences only in the lower stratum. On the contrary, when ants were excluded, bees visited more inflorescences only in the upper stratum. We conclude that ants prevent the access to bees and vice versa as the result of different ability of resource utilization and foraging strategies. Thus, preventing the access of ants to the floral nectar could increase the level of nectar available to pollinators of S. jambolanum, thereby increasing productivity and reducing economic losses.  相似文献   

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Myracrodruon urundeuva heartwood     

Roberto A. Sá  Francis S. Gomes  Thiago H. Napoleão  Nataly D. L. Santos  Carla M. L. Melo  Norma B. Gusmão  Luana C. B. B. Coelho  Patrícia M. G. Paiva  Lothar W. Bieber 《Wood Science and Technology》2009,43(1-2):85-95

The aim of this work was to isolate a lectin from Myracrodruon urundeuva heartwood and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi that attack plants, including woods. The lectin was isolated from heartwood through affinity chromatography on a chitin column monitored by hemagglutination assay. The lectin inhibited Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and was more effective than antifungal Cercobin in growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. The detected antimicrobial activity reveals the possible role of the lectin in the resistance of M. urundeuva heartwood against deteriorative biological agents. The M. urundeuva lectin is the first bioactive peptide found in heartwood, probably stored as a chemical protection against biodegradation.  相似文献   

Bark beetles,fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West     

Michael J. Jenkins  Elizabeth Hebertson  Wesley Page  C. Arik Jorgensen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

Bark beetle-caused tree mortality in conifer forests affects the quantity and quality of forest fuels and has long been assumed to increase fire hazard and potential fire behavior. In reality, bark beetles, and their effects on fuel accumulation, and subsequent fire hazard, are poorly understood. We extensively sampled fuels in three bark beetle-affected Intermountain conifer forests and compared these data to existing research on bark beetle/fuels/fire interactions within the context of the disturbance regime. Data were collected in endemic, epidemic and post-epidemic stands of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce. From these data, we evaluated the influence of bark beetle-caused tree mortality on various fuels characteristics over the course of a bark beetle rotation. The data showed that changes in fuels over time create periods where the potential for high intensity and/or severe fires increases or decreases. The net result of bark beetle epidemics was a substantial change in species composition and a highly altered fuels complex. Early in epidemics there is a net increase in the amount of fine surface fuels when compared to endemic stands. In post-epidemic stands large, dead, woody fuels, and live surface fuels dominate. We then discuss potential fire behavior in bark beetle-affected conifer fuels based on actual and simulated fuels data. Results indicated that for surface fires both rates of fire spread and fireline intensities were higher in the current epidemic stands than in the endemic stands. Rates of spread and fireline intensities were higher in epidemic stands due, however, to decreased vegetative sheltering and its effect on mid-flame wind speed, rather than changes in fuels. Passive crown fires were more likely in post-epidemic stands, but active crown fires were less likely due to decreased aerial fuel continuity. We also discuss the ecological effects of extreme fire behavior. Information is presented on managing forests to reduce the impact of bark beetle outbreaks and the interplay between management, bark beetle populations, fuels and fire hazard and behavior.  相似文献   

Spray droplet size and carrier volume effect on dicamba and glufosinate efficacy          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas R Butts  Chase A Samples  Lucas X Franca  Darrin M Dodds  Daniel B Reynolds  Jason W Adams  Richard K Zollinger  Kirk A Howatt  Bradley K Fritz  Wesley Clint Hoffmann  Greg R Kruger 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):2020-2029

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Seroepidemiological survey on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptospira</Emphasis> spp. infection in wild and domestic mammals in two distinct areas of the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil     

Laís Ferrari dos Santos  Maíra Freitas Guimarães  Gisele Oliveira de Souza  Ivo Wesley Gomes da Silva  Josenilton Rodrigues Santos  Sérgio Santos Azevedo  Marcelo Bahia Labruna  Marcos Bryan Heinemann  Mauricio Claudio Horta 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1715-1722

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that causes severe reproductive problems in livestock and generates economic losses for farmers. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in small mammals, both wild and domestic, in two distinct areas of the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil: the National Park of Serra das Confusões (NPSC), state of Piauí, a preserved area; and rural areas in the municipalities of Petrolina and Lagoa Grande, state of Pernambuco, non-preserved areas. Serum samples were evaluated using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Approximately 4% (6/152) of the wild animals were positive, all of them in the non-preserved area. Overall, the seroprevalence rates among goats and sheep were 13.4 (77/576) and 4.6% (24/518), respectively, confirmed in both areas. The seroprevalence rates in dogs and cats were 5.6 (10/180) and 4.7% (2/43) and were determined only in the non-preserved area. The risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection were as follows: ages of 1–3 and > 3 years for goats and sheep, region (preserved area) for goats, intensive management system for sheep, and region (non-preserved area) for dogs and wildlife. The present study confirmed the presence of circulation of Leptospira spp. in both of these areas of the Caatinga biome, as well as a variety of serotypes in these areas.  相似文献   

Effect of biochar,clay substrate and manure application on water availability and tree-seedling performance in a sandy soil     

Jan Mertens  Jörn Germer  José Coelho de Araújo Filho  Joachim Sauerborn 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(7):969-983

In order to develop a method for extensive pomiculture on marginal soils in semiarid Brazil, a field experiment was conducted to study the impacts of the soil conditioners biochar, clay substrate and goat manure on soil physical parameters of a sandy soil and on seedling performance of Spondias tuberosa Arruda. Manure significantly increased total porosity, soil water content and reduced bulk density of the sandy soil. Water content at field capacity (θ_fc) and at permanent wilting point (θ_pwp) were increased due to manure application. Neither biochar nor clay substrate had a significant impact on the soil physical parameters. Biochar combined with clay substrate led to lower soil water content and significantly reduced the period of retaining atmospheric water. Due to a strong correlation (R² = 0.75) between θ_fc and θ_pwp, the available water capacity within all treatments remained unchanged. Amelioration and initial nutrient supplies had no effect on seedling survival and stem growth of S. tuberosa during the 23-month experiment. This underlines the nondomesticated character of the available plant material of S. tuberosa. The independence of the seedling performance of soil management makes S. tuberosa an interesting species for low-input orchards and for reforestation within the Caatinga.  相似文献   

The effect of weight loss on protein profiles of gastrocnemius muscle in rabbits: a study using 1D electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting     

A. M. Almeida  S. Van Harten  A. Campos  A. V. Coelho  L. A. Cardoso 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(2):174-185

The study of physiological changes occurring during selection contributes to an improved understanding of relationships leading to efficiencies in animal production. To investigate the effects of food restriction in gastrocnemius muscle protein expression, 20% weight reduction was induced in New Zealand White (meat producing) and wild rabbits, using one‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Lower expression levels of myosin heavy chains were found in the Wild Rabbits Restricted Group, while myosin light chain and α‐crystallin proteins were not detected in restricted groups. Glyceraldeyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase expression levels were similar for all experimental groups. Phosphopyruvate hydratase β was not detected in the wild rabbit restricted diet group. Pyruvate kinase levels were 50% lower in the New Zealand Restricted group. LIM protein detection was absent in the control New Zealand group. Results also show relevance of actin in preserving muscle structure in depressed food availability, the sensitivity of both myosin light chain and α‐crystallin protein to restricted feed and the role of PK in the resistance of New Zealand rabbits to food restriction.  相似文献   

Calculation of soil electrical conductivity using a genetic algorithm     

Wesley Pacheco Calixto  Luciano Martins Neto 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,71(1):1-6

The aim of this paper is to present an optimization methodology based on a genetic algorithm to obtain the soil electrical conductivity and its respective thicknesses. The method uses an experimental conductivity curve generated from the measurements made in the soil. This experimental curve is compared with a theoretical electrical conductivity curve produced by a genetic algorithm. The theoretical curve is based on Sunde’s algorithm and is exactly the inverse process of soil horizontal stratification into multi layers. The comparison between the two curves provides the error produced by the soil stratification process. Using the obtained values of electrical conductivity, the method intends to estimate characteristics such as water content, texture and salinity of the subsoil layers.  相似文献