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排序方式: 共有427条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Rafael Coelho Ribeiro Walkymário de Paulo Lemos Paulo Manoel Pontes Lins Roberta de Melo Valente Antonio Agostinho Müller Alexandre Mehl Lunz José Cola Zanuncio 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(3):239-241
The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) has great economic and social importance for many industrial and non-industrial products. Pests can reduce its productivity and cause its death. In 2005, larvae and adults of a Curculionidae were observed damaging the floral stalk of coconut palms in commercial plantations in the municipality of Moju, Pará State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Insects were identified as the black coconut bunch weevil, Homalinotus depressus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cholini). This is the first report of this pest damaging coconut palms in Brazil. 相似文献
93.
Santos SC Costa WF Ribeiro JP Guimarães DO Ferri PH Ferreira HD Seraphin JC 《Fitoterapia》2002,73(4):292-299
A comparative study of tannin composition of three species known as barbatim?o (Stryphnodendron adstringens, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum and Dimorphandra mollis) was developed by TLC, hydrolysis followed by PC, and colorimetry. Principal component analysis of the data obtained showed strong differentiation between the genus Dimorphandra and Stryphnodendron. Additionally, barks from the two Stryphnodendron sp. also presented considerable differences in the tannin structure. 相似文献
94.
Rodger SM Maley SW Wright SE Mackellar A Wesley F Sales J Buxton D 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(23):768-772
To investigate the potential role of endogenous transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii, 31 seropositive ewes presumed to be persistently infected with the parasite and 15 seronegative ewes were mated and monitored throughout pregnancy and lambing. Antibody titres were determined in precolostral sera from the liveborn lambs and in thoracic fluid from the dead lambs. A PCR for the B1 gene of T gondii was applied to the placentas from all the ewes and to the brains of the stillborn lambs. Samples of brain, lung, liver, spleen and heart from the dead lambs were examined by histopathology. No evidence of toxoplasmosis was detected by histopathology or PCR in any of the samples, but low titres of antibody to T gondii were detected in two liveborn, healthy offspring of a seropositive ewe by the immunofluorescent antibody test (3.2 per cent of pregnancies and 4.1 per cent of lambs in the seropositive group). Antibody to specific antigens of T gondii was demonstrated in sera from these two lambs by Western blotting. 相似文献
95.
Charerntantanakul W Platt R Johnson W Roof M Vaughn E Roth JA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,109(1-2):99-115
Various vaccine adjuvant candidates were assessed with the modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (MLV PRRSV) (Ingelvac PRRS MLV) vaccine. Their influence on humoral-mediated immune (HMI) and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses as well as protection from virulent PRRSV challenge (MN-184) was evaluated. Ninety seronegative pigs were randomly divided into nine groups of 10 pigs. One group received MLV vaccine alone. Five groups received MLV vaccine with either bacterial endotoxin-derived adjuvant (ET), mixed open reading frame 5 (ORF5) peptides derived from various PRRSV isolates, porcine interferon alpha (IFNalpha), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), or porcine interleukin-12 (IL-12). One group did not receive MLV vaccine but was immunized with ORF5 peptides conjugated with cholera toxin (ORF5 peptide/CT). Two groups served as challenged and unchallenged non-vaccinated controls. Four-color flow cytometry was utilized to simultaneously identify three major porcine T-cell surface markers (CD4, CD8, and gammadelta TCR) and detect activation marker CD25 (alpha chain of IL-2 receptor) or intracellular IFNgamma. The MLV PRRSV vaccine alone successfully primed CD4(-)CD8(+)gammadelta- T-cells as demonstrated by a significant increase in %IFNgamma+ cells when live PRRSV was used as a recall antigen. Booster immunizations of mixed ORF5 peptides and co-administration of IL-12 with MLV PRRSV vaccine significantly enhanced IFNgamma expression by some T-cell subsets (CD4(-)CD8(+)gammadelta+ and CD4(-)CD8(-)gammadelta+ for mixed ORF5 peptides and CD4(+)CD8(+)gammadelta- and CD4(-)CD8(+)gammadelta+ for IL-12). All groups receiving MLV-vaccine with or without adjuvants had reduced lung lesions after challenge. The group immunized with only ORF5 peptide/CT did not have significant T-cell recall responses and was not protected from challenge. Expression of IFNgamma by several T-cell subsets correlated with reduced lung lesions and viremia, whereas expression of CD25 did not. Expression of surface CD25 did not correlate with IFNgamma production. PRRSV ELISA s/p ratio prior to challenge also correlated with reduced lung lesions and viremia. In conclusion, booster immunizations of the mixed ORF5 peptides and co-administration of IL-12 effectively enhanced the CMI response to MLV vaccine. However, neither adjuvant significantly contributed to reducing clinical effects when compared to MLV alone. 相似文献
96.
97.
Luiz Antonio T. Oliveira Jr. Vinicius R.C. Souza Denise C. Endringer Dean A. Hendrickson Clarisse S. Coelho 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
The objectives were to evaluate clinical and histopathological aspects of topical application of sunflower-seed oil (Helianthus annuus) on the healing process of experimentally induced wounds in lumbar and metacarpal areas of healthy horses. Six adult horses were used. Eight wounds were surgically produced on each horse: two 6.25-cm2 wounds cranial to the sacrum on each side of the lumbar region and two 2.89-cm2 wounds close to the proximal epiphysis of the metacarpus on the lateral aspect of each forelimb. Left side was used for macroscopic observations and right side for histopathological analysis. The experimental lesions were treated daily with sunflower-seed oil, whereas saline solution was used in control lesions. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed on tissue harvested at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Complete healing time for all wounds was recorded. For lumbar region’s wounds, a contraction of 90.78% was recorded for those treated with oil and of 79.27% for control wounds after 21 days of treatment. For metacarpal region’s wounds, a contraction of 47.63% was recorded for wounds treated with oil and of 30.21% for control wounds. Wounds in the sunflower-seed oil treatment group had an elevation of polymorphonuclear cells, a newly formed vascular bed during the inflammatory phase, and a better alignment of collagen fibers during the remodeling phase. In conclusion, topical application of sunflower-seed oil was beneficial in the healing process of experimentally induced skin wounds in horses, with best results for treatment of lumbar wounds, making it a therapeutic option in equine wound healing. 相似文献
98.
On the interpretation of test sensitivity in the two-test two-population problem: Assumptions matter
Wesley O. Johnson Ian A. Gardner Candace N. Metoyer Adam J. Branscum 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):116-121
Bayesian analyses of diagnostic test accuracy often require the assumption of constant test accuracy among populations to ensure model identifiability. In a prior study (Toft, N., Jørgensen, E., Højsgaard, S., 2005. Diagnosing diagnostic tests: evaluating the assumptions underlying the estimation of sensitivity and specificity in the absence of a gold standard. Prev. Vet. Med. 68, 19–33), the sensitivity estimate from a two-test two-population model was shown to be weighted toward the population with the higher prevalence of infection. In the present study, we provided analytical formulae that give insight into the effect of assuming constant sensitivity when this assumption was false. To further investigate the effect of failure of the assumption of constant sensitivity, we also simulated several data sets under the assumption that the first test's sensitivity varied in the two populations. Bayesian conditional independence models that presumed constant sensitivities were implemented in WinBUGS and posterior estimates (mean and 95% probability intervals) were evaluated based on the known true values of the parameters. Findings from the Bayesian analyses of several scenarios indicated that the posterior mean was a good estimate of the weighted mean of the sensitivities in the two populations, when one test was perfectly specific. When neither test was perfectly specific, the Bayesian posterior mean for test 1 sensitivity was either greater than the larger of the two true sensitivities, or smaller than both, and estimates of prevalence and the second test's specificity were incorrect. The implication is that estimates of some parameters will be biased if test sensitivities are not constant across populations. Without a perfectly specific test, and if the assumption of constant sensitivity fails, the only solution we are aware of would involve incorporating prior information on at least two parameters. 相似文献
99.
Daniela Costa Laura Vinu Patricia Poeta Ana Cludia Coelho Manuela Matos Yolanda Senz Sergio Somalo Myriam Zarazaga Jorge Rodrigues Carmen Torres 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):339-344
Seventy-six faecal samples were obtained from broilers at slaughterhouse level in Portugal. Samples were inoculated on cefotaxime-supplemented Levine agar plates. Cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from 32 samples (42.1%), obtaining a total of 34 E. coli isolates (one or two isolates per sample). Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was studied by disk diffusion method, and 85% of the isolates presented a phenotype of multi-resistance that included antimicrobial agents of at least four different families. Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBL) of the TEM and CTX-M groups were detected in 31 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates. Twenty-six isolates harboured the blaTEM-52 gene and two of them also harboured blaTEM-1b. The blaCTX-M-14 gene was identified in three isolates (in association with blaTEM-1b in one of them), and blaCTX-M-32 was demonstrated in two additional isolates. Three of the 34 cefotaxime-resistant isolates (9%) did not produce ESBLs, and two of them presented mutations at positions −42 (C → T), −18 (G → A), −1 (C → T), and +58(C → T) of the promoter/attenuator region of ampC gene. tet(A) and/or tet(B) genes were detected in all 34 tetracycline-resistant isolates, aadA in all 26 streptomycin-resistant isolates; cmlA in 3 of 6 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates, and aac(3)-II or aac(3)-I + aac(3)-IV genes in all 4 gentamicin-resistant isolates. Different combinations of sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes were demonstrated among the 22 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates. Amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC proteins were identified in all 18 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. The results of this study indicate that the intestinal tract of healthy poultry is a reservoir of ESBL-positive E. coli isolates. 相似文献
100.
AI Iorga L Valentini T De Santis B Ambruosi M Albrizio AC Guaricci M Caira ME Dell'Aquila 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):263-268
The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed in bovine, human, equine and canine oocytes, and in seasonal breeders, it is expressed with higher intensity during the anoestrous phase. Supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium with opioid agents, agonists or antagonists, was shown to affect oocyte maturation in several species such as rat, bovine and equine. This study reports the effects of supplementing IVM medium with naloxone (Nx), an opioid antagonist, on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation rate of oocytes recovered from anoestrous bitches. Cytoplasmic maturation was examined in terms of mitochondrial (mt) distribution. In order to confirm the receptor-mediated action of Nx, in oocytes of anoestrous bitches, MOR expression was analyzed by Western blot. Cumulus–oocyte complexes, recovered from the ovaries of bitches in anoestrous, were cultured in vitro and Nx was added at the concentrations of 1 × 10−6 , 1 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−10 m . The rate of oocytes resuming meiosis after culture in presence of 1 × 10−6 m Nx (29%) was significantly higher than that of oocytes of control group (12%; p < 0.05). However, treatment with Nx did not affect mt distribution pattern. In denuded oocytes and in corresponding cumulus cells, a doublet of 65 and 50 kDa was observed. We conclude that, in oocytes of anoestrous bitches, MOR is expressed and Nx significantly improves nuclear maturation rate. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the expression of other opioid receptors, such as δ and κ, and possible interactive effects of their antagonists on canine oocyte maturation. 相似文献