Modulation of Glycolysis and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Influences Porcine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation     

GM Alvarez  EL Ferretti  C Gutnisky  GC Dalvit  PD Cetica 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):545-553

Glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activities were modulated in porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation (IVM) by the addition of inhibitors or stimulators of key enzymes of the pathways to elucidate their relative participation in oocyte maturation. The activities of glycolysis and PPP were evaluated by lactate production per COC and by the brilliant cresyl blue test, respectively. Glucose uptake per COC and the oocyte maturation rate were also evaluated. Lactate production, glucose uptake and the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II decreased in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence of the pharmacological (NaF) or the physiological (ATP) inhibitors of glycolysis (p < 0.05). The addition of the physiological stimulator of glycolysis (AMP) caused no effect on lactate production, glucose uptake or the meiotic maturation rate. The pharmacological (6‐AN) and the physiological (NADPH) inhibitors of PPP induced a dose‐dependent decrease in the percentage of oocytes with high PPP activity and in the nuclear maturation rate (p < 0.05). The physiological stimulator of PPP (NADP) caused no effect on the percentage of oocytes with high PPP activity. The glycolytic and PPP activities of porcine COCs and maturational competence of oocytes seem to be closely related events. This study shows for the first time the regulatory effect of ATP and NADPH as physiological inhibitors of glycolysis and PPP in porcine COCs, respectively. Besides, these pathways seem to reach their maximum activities in porcine COCs during IVM because no further increases were achieved by the presence of AMP or NADP.  相似文献   

The efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides applied to the backline of sheep against four strains of lice (Damalinia ovis)     

PW MORCOMBE  JJ GARDNER  LE MILLAR  FC WILKINSON  GC DE  CHANEET DJ DEVEREAUX 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(2):35-36

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Meiosis inducing substance (MIS) in bovine preovulatory follicles     

Von L. Westergaard  H. Callesen  P. Hyttel  T. Greve  A.G. Byskov 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1985,20(4):217-221

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Lactoferrin increases sperm membrane functionality of frozen equine semen          下载免费PDF全文

HS Martins  GC da Silva  SF Cortes  FO Paes  OA Martins Filho  MSS Araujo  R Stahlberg  MA Lagares 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):617-623

During cryopreservation, sperm was submitted to an increase in reactive oxygen species generation. This work aimed to improve the quality of frozen equine sperm after the addition of antioxidants lactoferrin (Lf) and catalase (Cat) to a freezing extender. Semen from six stallions was frozen with the extenders: F1) control, INRA 82 freezing extender, F2) F1 + 500 μg/ml Lf and F3) F1 + 200 IU/ml Cat. After thawing, sperm motility parameters, membrane functionality and integrity, and acrosome integrity and spontaneous acrosome‐reacted sperm were evaluated with a computer‐assisted sperm analysis, a hypoosmotic swelling test and epifluorescent microscopy, respectively. Nitrite, hydroperoxide and iron concentrations of frozen semen were measured with spectrophotometry. The percentage of functional membrane sperm treated with Lf was higher (50.7% ± 11.6%) compared to that of the control (37.6% ± 15.6%), while the iron (61.4 ± 11.6 vs 73.3 ± 13.8 mg/dl) and nitrite concentrations (16.3 ± 7.1 vs 25.9 ± 4.2 μM/μg protein) were lower, respectively (p < .05). Thus, it can be suggested that Lf protect stallion spermatozoon during freezing as it has increased the percentage of sperm with functional membrane and decreased the lipid oxidant agents.  相似文献   

Embryo Production in Dogs: from In Vitro Fertilization to Cloning     

GC Luvoni  S Chigioni  M Beccaglia 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(4):286-290

Increased availability of canine embryos would be desirable to develop research and to apply assisted reproductive technologies in the treatment of infertility and in the improvement of reproductive performances in valuable Canids, both domestic and non-domestic. Embryo production through in vitro fertilization and nuclear transfer has been technically achieved in the dog, and the transfer of cloned embryos has recently resulted in the birth of puppies. However, the efficiency of these technologies is still very limited. This is mainly because of the peculiar characteristics of the canine oocyte and the lack of its full acquisition of developmental competence in vitro. This paper discusses the latest results and aspects on which further research should be focused to provide advances in the field.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Moraxella bovis infection and humoral immune response to bovine herpes virus type 1 during a natural outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in beef calves     

MV Zbrun  GC Zielinski  HC Piscitelli  C Descarga  LA Urbani 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(4):347-352

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an acute disease caused by Moraxella bovis (Mb). Several factors may predispose animals to an IBK outbreak; one commonly observed is infection with bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of BHV-1 virus infection and its relation with clinical cases of IBK in weaned calves from a beef herd with a high prevalence of lesions caused by Mb. Sampling was carried out in six stages and included conjunctival swabs for isolating Mb as well as blood samples for identifying antibodies specific for BHV-1. A score for IBK lesions after observing each eye was determined. The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of BHV-1 virus infection (100% of animals were infected at the end of the trial); 67% of animals were culture-positive for Mb, but low rates of clinical IBK (19% of calves affected) were detected at the end of the trial. These results suggest that infection with BHV-1 did not predispose these animals to IBK, and that Mb infection produced clinical and subclinical disease in the absence of BHV-1 co-infection.  相似文献   

Reactions to Gudair® vaccination identified in sheep used for biomedical research     

GC Musk  H Kershaw  K Tano  A Niklasson  M von Unge  RJ Dilley 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(3):56-60

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Preparedness for major OIE-listed epidemics: implementation of simulation exercises     

Westergaard JM 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(1):37-41

Large-scale outbreaks of animal disease cause mass death of animals, a devastating economic impact on livestock industries and communities and furthermore often great distress for owners and keepers of animals. Such large-scale outbreaks have, during the last decade, been experienced by certain EU Member States in pigs caused by classical swine fever outbreaks, in ruminants and pigs due to foot and mouth disease and in poultry as a result of infections by avian influenza virus. With the aim of preventing introduction of the OIE former list A diseases and enhance disease preparedness most European countries have in recent years adopted contingency plans and conducted simulation exercises. Simulation exercises will, in this paper, be discussed with special references to: objectives, scope of exercises, preparation of scenarios, tasks to be performed by participants, the need for facilities, management of exercises and the work of the supervisory team.  相似文献   

Contingency planning: preparation of contingency plans     

Westergaard JM 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(1):42-49

Outbreaks of infectious animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, Newcastle disease and avian influenza may have a devastating impact, not only on the livestock sector and the rural community in the directly affected areas, but also beyond agriculture and nation wide. The risk of introducing disease pathogens into a country and the spread of the agent within a country depends on a number of factors including import controls, movement of animals and animal products and the biosecurity applied by livestock producers. An adequate contingency plan is an important instrument in the preparation for and the handling of an epidemic. The legislation of the European Union requires that all Member States draw up a contingency plan which specifies the national measures required to maintain a high level of awareness and preparedness and is to be implemented in the event of disease outbreak. This paper describes the main elements to be included in the contingency plans submitted by Member States to the European Commission for approval.  相似文献   

Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy in 14 dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CR BELLENGER  JE MADDISON  GC MACPHERSON  JE ILKIW 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):317-320

SUMMARY Ten mate and 4 female dogs with chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy were seen at the Sydney University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the period 1982–88. The most commonly affected breeds were the Shihtzu and Maltese. The mean age was 8.2 yr and the mean body weight 6.5 kg. The most common clinical signs were vomiting, weight loss, polydipsia and depression. Hypokalaemia was present in 11 of 12 dogs examined and hypochloraemia in 10 of 11 dogs examined. Five of the six dogs that had blood gases measured were found to have a metabolic alkalosis. Surgery was performed on 13 dogs; pyloromyotomy 7, pyloroplasty 4, gastroduodenostomy 2. There was a recurrence of symptoms in one pyloromyotomy dog, and fatal ulceration and perforation of the cardia occurred in one pyloroplasty case. The remaining 11 dogs had a mean known symptom-free survival time of 20 mo. This study confirms the preponderance of affected males, identifies electrolyte and blood gas disturbances as significant complications of chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, and suggests that relatively minor surgery (pyloromyotomy) may have a place in the treatment of a selected subgroup of cases.  相似文献