Effects of methionine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers     

Johanna O. Zeitz  Sarah Mohrmann  Stella C. Kding  Murat Devlikamov  Ines Niewalda  Rose Whelan  Ariane Helmbrecht  Klaus Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):191-203

This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation of methionine (Met) to broiler diets increases muscle growth due to regulation of molecular pathways related to protein synthesis and degradation depending on the Met source. Day‐old male Cobb‐500 broilers (n = 240) were phase‐fed three different wheat–soya bean meal‐based basal diets during days 1–10, 11–21 and 22–35. Basal diets (Met‐ group, Met + Cys concentration 15% below NRC recommendations) were supplemented with 0.10% or 0.40% Met either as DL‐Met (DLM) or DL‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL‐HMTBA) (equimolar comparison). Breast muscle weights were lower in the Met‐ group compared to all Met‐supplemented groups and were lower in broilers supplemented with 0.10% of DL‐HMTBA compared to the other groups fed Met‐supplemented diets. However, the expression of genes or relative phosphorylation and thus activation state of proteins involved in the somatotropic axis, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of protein synthesis, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy–lysosomal pathway of protein degradation, the GCN2/eIF2a pathway involved in the inhibition of protein synthesis and in the myostatin–Smad2/3 pathway involved in myogenesis were not affected by Met source. Feeding diets with suboptimum Met + Cys concentrations, however, decreased expression of GHR and IGF1 in liver and muscle and increased that of MURF1 involved in the UPP in the broiler's muscle at day 10 and 21, while that of FOXO and atrogin‐1 and FOXO phosphorylation remained unaffected. Additionally, suboptimum dietary Met concentrations increased expression of the autophagy‐related genes ATG5 and BECN1 at day 35. Met supplementation neither affected gene expression nor phosphorylation of proteins involved in the GNC2/eIF2a and mTOR pathways. These data indicate that protein synthesis was not affected on the molecular level, while protein degradation was marginally affected by dietary Met dosage.  相似文献   

A survey of northern Victorian dairy farmers to investigate dairy calf management: calf‐rearing practices          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Phipps  DS Beggs  AJ Murray  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):107-110

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Songbird ecosystem function and conservation     

Whelan CJ  Marquis RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,268(5215):1263

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Retrospective evaluation of elevator-related injuries in dogs (2015–2020): 13 cases     

Justina Bartling DVM  Megan Whelan DVM  DACVECC  Virginia Sinnott-Stutzman DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(1):70-73

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Trait perfectionism strengthens the negative effects of moral stressors occurring in veterinary practice          下载免费PDF全文

MF Crane  JK Phillips  E Karin 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(10):354-360

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Infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls          下载免费PDF全文

AS Hancock  PJ Younis  DS Beggs  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(10):349-353

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Expression of mRNA Encoding the LH Receptor (LHR) and LHR Binding Protein in Granulosa Cells from Nelore (Bos indicus) Heifers Around Follicle Deviation          下载免费PDF全文

RL Ereno  B Loureiro  ACS Castilho  MF Machado  MF Pegorer  RA Satrapa  MFG Nogueira  J Buratini  CM Barros 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):952-957

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Equine infectious keratitis.     

R E Hamor  N C Whelan 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1999,15(3):623-646

Corneal ulcers are one of the most common ocular disease presentations in the horse. With the use of correct diagnostic techniques and selection of an appropriate treatment regimen, most cases result in a satisfactory outcome. The eye does not respond well to inflammation, and in complicated ulcers, this should be managed aggressively using systemic NSAIDs with a high priority assigned to removing the infectious agent. Care needs to be taken to avoid topical or systemic corticosteroid use for the treatment of equine ocular disease, however, unless the clinician is completely sure that the corneal disease is not caused by an infectious process. The use of combination corticosteroid-antibiotic ophthalmic preparations without an appropriate treatment rationale can result in doing more harm than good. It is important to have a treatment plan and to monitor the elected treatment regimen. The clinician should decide on some objective criteria at initiation of treatment so that any changes are made rationally. This approach should also include consideration of early referral of the eye's care to a veterinary ophthalmologist.  相似文献   

Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity     

Yijie He  Cynthia Jinno  Kwangwook Kim  Zhaohai Wu  Bie Tan  Xunde Li  Rose Whelan  Yanhong Liu 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2021,(2):579-597

Background: Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals' growth. However, limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp. on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome, and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp. strains(Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal health, microbiome, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Results: Pigs in PRO1(Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540) had greater(P 0.05) body weight on d 7 and 14 PI, greater(P 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI, compared with pigs in CON(Control). Pigs in PRO1 had milder(P 0.05)diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON. However, no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2(Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539) and CON groups. Supplementation of PRO1 decreased(P 0.05) lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI, compared with CON. Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced(P 0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI. Pigs in PRO2 had greater(P 0.05) goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater(P 0.05) sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON. Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated(P 0.05) MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced(P 0.05) PTGS-2 and IL1 B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI,compared with CON. Pigs in PRO1 had reduced(P 0.05) relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum.Conclusions: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance, alleviated diarrhea severity, enhanced gut health, and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18.Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation, it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.  相似文献   

Genesis of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hunt JM  Whelan JK  Huc AY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4454):403-404

Distribution patterns of isopentane and normal pentane in marine sediments show a reversal in slope at a subsurface temperature of about 90 degrees C. The data indicate that three types of reactions are involved in pentane formation: (i) biological origin at the sediment surface, (ii) low-temperature (< 90 degrees C) chemical reactions yielding predominately secondary carbon structures, and (iii) high-temperature (> 90 degrees C) cracking reactions at great depth yielding predominately straight carbon chains.  相似文献