In vitro activity of ponazuril against Theileria equi     

Wise LN  Ueti MW  Kappmeyer LS  Hines MT  White SN  Davis W  Knowles DP 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):282-285

The equid hemoprotozoan parasite Theileria equi is endemic in most regions worldwide. Infection of horses is a cause of significant economic loss due to costs associated with disease and restriction of trade with non-endemic nations. The ability of certain drugs such as imidocarb dipropionate to eliminate persistent T. equi infection and transmission risk is controversial. The anti-protozoal agent ponazuril has been used successfully to treat equine Sarcosystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii. The hypothesis that ponazuril inhibits replication of T. equi in vitro was tested. T. equi infected equine erythrocyte cultures were treated with ponazuril at multiple concentrations. Cessation of parasite replication was observed over a 5-day period and the degree of inhibition was variable between drug concentrations. Ponazuril inhibited T. equi in erythrocyte culture at all concentrations tested but parasite elimination required at least 500 μg/mL. The high dose of ponazuril required for in vitro inhibition likely limits its ability to control or clear T. equi infection in vivo, however additional research to evaluate related drugs is warranted.  相似文献   

Standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging in horses with chronic foot pain     

Gutierrez-Nibeyro S  Werpy N  White Ii N 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(3):75-83

Objective Conventional imaging modalities can diagnose the source of foot pain in most cases, but have limitations in some horses, which can be overcome by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there are no reports of the MRI appearance and prevalence of foot lesions of a large series of horses with chronic foot lameness. Methods In the present study, 79 horses with unilateral or bilateral forelimb lameness because of chronic foot pain underwent standing low‐field MRI to make a definitive diagnosis. Results Of the 79 horses, 74 (94%) had alterations in >1 structure in the lame or lamest foot. Navicular bone lesions occurred most frequently (78%) followed by navicular bursitis (57%), deep digital flexor tendonopathies (54%) and collateral desmopathy of the distal interphalangeal joint (39%). Effusion of the distal interphalangeal joint was also a frequent finding (53%). Conclusion Low‐field MRI in a standing patient can detect many lesions of the equine foot associated with chronic lameness without the need for general anaesthesia.  相似文献   

Prevention of fetal suffering during ovariohysterectomy of pregnant animals     

White SC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(10):1160-1163

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A comparative study of proximal hindlimb flexion in horses: 5 versus 60 seconds     

Armentrout AR  Beard WL  White BJ  Lillich JD 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(4):420-424

Reasons for performing study: The flexion test is routinely used in lameness and prepurchase examinations. There is no accepted standard for duration of flexion or evidence that interpretation of results would differ with different durations of flexion. Hypothesis: There will be no difference in interpretation of proximal hindlimb flexion for 5 or 60 s. Methods: Video recordings of lameness examinations of 34 client‐owned horses were performed that included: baseline lameness, proximal hindlimb flexion for 60 s, and flexion of the same limb for 5 s. Videos were edited to blind reviewers to the hypothesis being tested. The baseline lameness video from each horse was paired with each flexion to make 2 pairs of videos for each case. Twenty video pairs were repeated to assess intraobserver repeatability. Fifteen experienced equine clinicians were asked to review the baseline lameness video followed by the flexion test and grade the response to flexion as either positive or negative. Potential associations between the duration of flexion and the likelihood of a positive flexion test were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models. A kappa value was calculated to assess the degree of intraobserver agreement on the repeated videos. Significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: Proximal hindlimb flexion of 60 s was more likely to be called positive than flexion of 5 s (P<0.0001), with the likelihood of the same interpretation 74% of the time. The first flexion performed was more likely to be called positive than subsequent flexions (P = 0.029). Intra‐assessor agreement averaged 75% with κ= 0.49. Conclusions: Proximal hindlimb flexion of a limb for 5 s does not yield the same result as flexing a limb for 60 s. Potential relevance: Shorter durations of flexion may be useful for clinicians that have good agreement with flexions of 5 and 60 s.  相似文献   

Comment on "The illusion of invariant quantities in life histories"     

Savage VM  White EP  Moses ME  Ernest SK  Enquist BJ  Charnov EL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5771):198; author reply 198

Nee et al. (Reports, 19 August 2005, p. 1236) used a null model to argue that life history invariants are illusions. We show that their results are largely inconsequential for life history theory because the authors confound two definitions of invariance, and rigorous analysis of their null model demonstrates that it does not match observed data.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical analysis of laryngeal muscle of horses clinically affected with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy     

Catherine M. Steel  Elizabeth A. Walmsley  Garry A. Anderson  Chantal A. Coles  Benjamin Ahern  Jason D. White 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(4):710-717

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Determining the longer term decline in plant‐available soil phosphorus from short‐term measured values          下载免费PDF全文

A. E. Johnston  P. R. Poulton  R. P. White  A. J. Macdonald 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(2):151-161

Once phosphorus (P) applications stop, it is important to know how long it will take for plant‐available P in soil to decline to a particular level for soils with a history of intensive management. The rate of decline in the absence of applied P can be expressed as a half‐life, that is the time in years for it to halve relative to the lowest level measured in the soil. This knowledge is essential when planning long‐term policies for managing the P status of soils. It is important to farmers who wish to optimize applications of P fertilizers and make better use of accumulated P residues to ensure that plant‐available P does not fall below the critical level for the soil and crop because of the risk of losing yield and the inefficient use of other inputs, especially N fertilizer. Lower levels of plant‐available P are also desirable for environmental and ecological reasons. Allowing plant‐available P to decline to the critical level from unnecessarily high concentrations will reduce the risk from P on eroded soil causing adverse effects of eutrophication in surface water. Low levels of plant‐available P are usually considered necessary for establishing species‐rich grassland. A method for determining the longer term decline in plant‐available soil P from short‐term measured values is presented.  相似文献   

The use of rigid endoscopy in the management of acute oropharyngeal stick injuries     

W. Robinson  C. Shales  R. N. White 《The Journal of small animal practice》2014,55(12):609-614

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The utility of screening diagnostic tests in identifying associative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in dogs     

GM Woodward  JD White 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(12):586-590

The study aimed to (1) define the proportion of dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) that have associative and non-associative disease and (2) evaluate the utility of screening diagnostic tests in identifying potential triggers of associative IMHA. Medical records of 78 dogs diagnosed with IMHA at a specialist hospital in Sydney from July 2008 to August 2017 were reviewed. The original diagnosis was revised according to published guidelines (Garden et al., 2019) as either diagnostic, supportive or suspicious for IMHA. Associative IMHA was confirmed if immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued within six weeks of effective treatment of a potential trigger. Associative IMHA was considered possible when a potential trigger was identified but its significance could not be confirmed. Associative IMHA was confirmed (3) or suspected (7) in 10 dogs (13%, confidence interval [CI] 7.1%–22%), with 68 cases presumed to be non-associative. Associative IMHA was present in 3/29 (10.3%) of dogs with criteria diagnostic for IMHA, 4/42 (9.5%) of dogs with criteria supportive for IMHA and 3/7 (42.9%) of dogs with criteria suspicious for IMHA. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in 68 dogs and identified possible triggers in five (7.3%, CI 3.2% to 16%). Thoracic radiographs were performed in 70 dogs but did not identify any potential triggers (0%, CI 0% to 5.2%). Urine culture was performed in 22 dogs and was positive in three (14%, CI 4.7% to 33.3%). Routine screening tests, particularly thoracic radiographs, have a low yield in identifying potential triggers of associative IMHA, but are more likely to be useful in dogs fulfilling less stringent diagnostic criteria of IMHA.  相似文献   

Assessment of the medium- to long-term radiographically confirmed outcome for juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia treated with double pelvic osteotomy     

Paul L. Jenkins BVSc  MVS  MANZCVS  Daniel R. James BVSc  FANZCVS  Joanna D. White BVSc  MVS  PhD  DACVIM  Anthony P. Black BVSc  FANZCVS  Stephen M. Fearnside BVSc  FANZCVS  DACVSMR  Andrew M. Marchevsky BVSc  MVS  FANZCVS  Amanda J. Miller BVSc  FANZCVS  Ricky G. Cashmore BVSc  FANZCVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(4):685-693

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