Effectiveness of different electrical stunning regimens for turkeys and consequences for carcase quality     

Wilkins LJ  Gregory NG  Wotton SB 《British poultry science》1999,40(4):478-484

This study examined the effectiveness of electrical stunning of turkeys applied at 150 mA per bird utilising a range of waveform-frequency combinations. In addition, the effect of stunning treatment on subsequent carcase quality was examined. The effectiveness of stunning, as judged by time to recovery, was similar regardless of bird weight or applied stunning treatment. Increasing waveform frequency was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of ventricular fibrillation, although turkeys appeared more susceptible than broilers. Use of the higher frequency waveforms (500 and 1500 Hz) was associated with a marked improvement in carcase quality, particularly with regard to breast muscle haemorrhaging and their use may result in considerable commercial advantage.  相似文献   

The use of a systemic prime/mucosal boost strategy with an equine influenza ISCOM vaccine to induce protective immunity in horses     

Crouch CF  Daly J  Henley W  Hannant D  Wilkins J  Francis MJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,108(3-4):345-355

In horses, natural infection confers long lasting protective immunity characterised by mucosal IgA and humoral IgGa and IgGb responses. In order to investigate the potential of locally administered vaccine to induce a protective IgA response, responses generated by vaccination with an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM)-based vaccine for equine influenza (EQUIP F) containing A/eq/Newmarket/77 (H7N7), A/eq/Borl?nge/91 (H3N8) and A/eq/Kentucky/98 (H3N8) using a systemic prime/mucosal boost strategy were studied. Seven ponies in the vaccine group received EQUIP F vaccine intranasally 6 weeks after an initial intramuscular immunisation. Following intranasal boosting a transient increase in virus-specific IgA was detected in nasal wash secretions. Aerosol challenge with the A/eq/Newmarket/1/93 reference strain 4 weeks after the intranasal booster resulted in clinical signs of infection and viral shedding in seven of seven influenza-naive control animals whereas the seven vaccinated ponies had statistically significantly reduced clinical signs and duration of virus excretion. Furthermore, following this challenge, significantly enhanced levels of virus-specific IgA were detected in the nasal washes from vaccinated ponies compared with the unvaccinated control animals. These data indicate that the intranasal administration of EQUIP F vaccine primes the mucosal system for an enhanced IgA response following exposure to live influenza virus.  相似文献   

Nutrition and the critically ill horse.     

Bettina M Dunkel  Pamela A Wilkins 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2004,20(1):107-126

A nutritional plan should be incorporated into every treatment plan of the critically ill patient. Weight loss and cachexia are the result of prevalence of catabolic processes over anabolic processes in addition to absolute or relative increased demands and decreased food intake.  相似文献   

Ruminal Metabolism in Sheep of Saponins from Yucca schidigera     

Flåøyen A  Wilkins AL  Sandvik M 《Veterinary research communications》2002,26(2):159-169

Fifty-five mg per kg live weight of crystallized Yucca schidigera saponins, corresponding to 26 mg/kg live weight of sapogenins, was given daily intraruminally to two lambs for 11 consecutive days. Neither of the lambs showed any sign of toxicity throughout the experimental period. One lamb was killed 5 h after the last dose and GC-MS analysis of the free and conjugated sapogenin content samples of liver, and of the contents of the rumen, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum, of faecal samples collected before dosing started, and of parts of the administered Yucca saponin were performed. The Yucca material contained mainly sarsasapogenin and smilagenin saponins. Ingested saponins were quickly hydrolysed in the rumen to free sapogenins and, in part, epimerized at C-3 to afford episapogenins. The absorption of free sapogenins appeared to occur in the jejunum. The metabolism of Yucca saponins was identical to that of Narthecium ossifragum saponins, and it is suggested that Yucca saponins could replace N. ossifragum saponins for toxicity studies on the latter plant.  相似文献   

Clinicopathologic evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in horses with acute colitis     

Dolente BA  Wilkins PA  Boston RC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(7):1034-1038

OBJECTIVE: To detect subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in horses with colitis and to determine any association between the diagnosis of subclinical DIC and outcome or occurrence of complications in horses with colitis. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 37 horses admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital for treatment of acute colitis. PROCEDURE: Coagulation profiles were obtained on each horse 0, 24, and 48 hours after admission. Six tests were performed: platelet count, plasma fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity, and serum fibrin degradation products concentration. RESULTS: A clinicopathologic diagnosis of subclinical DIC was made if 3 of the 6 tests had abnormal results at any 1 sample period. No horse had clinical signs of DIC at the time of sampling. Twelve of 37 (32%) horses met the criteria for diagnosis of subclinical DIC within a 1-year period. Outcome was defined as survival or nonsurvival. Five of 12 horses with subclinical DIC and 2 of 25 horses without subclinical DIC did not survive. Crude odds ratio analysis revealed a horse with acute colitis was 8 times as likely to die or be euthanatized if a diagnosis of subclinical DIC was made. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicopathologic evidence of DIC is common and is significantly associated with a poor outcome in horses with acute colitis. Treatment of subclinical DIC may influence outcome in horses with acute colitis.  相似文献   

Severe thrombocytopenia in 2 thoroughbred foals with sepsis and neonatal encephalopathy     

Bentz AI  Wilkins PA  MacGillivray KC  Barr BS  Palmer JE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(4):494-497

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Effectiveness of electrical stunning applied using a variety of waveform-frequencycombinations and consequences for carcase quality in broiler chickens     

L. J. Wilkins  N.G. Gregory  S.B. Wotton  I.D. Parkman 《British poultry science》1998,39(4):511-518

1. The effectiveness of electrical stunning of poultry was assessed where the recommended current of 105 mA per bird was applied using a range of waveform-frequency combinations. In addition the effect of the treatments on subsequent carcase quality was investigated. 2. The use of frequencies greater than 50 Hz was associated with a failure to induce ventricular fibrillation. 3. All waveform-frequency combinations were equally effective in producing a stunned state; the time to recovery was not affected by stunning treatment but was significantly longer in heavier birds. 4. The use of high frequency (500 Hz and 1500 Hz) stunning currents resulted in a decrease in carcase downgrading and a marked reduction in the occurrence of breast muscle haemorrhages, which represent significant commercial benefits to be gained by their use.  相似文献   

Pregnancy‐Associated Glycoprotein Secretion in North Moroccan Goats     

M Chentouf  B El Amiri  J Sulon  JF Beckers  N Kirschvink  B Boulanouar  JL Bister 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(6):696-700

The plasma profile of pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein (PAG) and its relationship with fetal number were studied in 14 North Moroccan goats using a semi‐heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA). Peripheral blood was collected every day during the first month of pregnancy, afterward the blood samples were collected trice a week. The PAG were first detected at day 20 of pregnancy, their levels increase to week 8 of gestation then decrease slightly until parturition. Statistical differences between goats carrying one or two foetuses are observed from week 5 of pregnancy until parturition. Factorial Discriminant Analysis provides mathematical models for the discrimination between the litter size using the PAG level and the week of pregnancy. Using only one blood sample per week, high sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy (74%, 88% and 81%) were obtained using these models. It is concluded that the PAG RIA is an effective tool for early diagnosis of pregnancy and for discrimination between the litter sizes in North Moroccan goats.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial use through feed, water, and injection in 20 swine farms in Alberta and Saskatchewan          下载免费PDF全文

Leigh B. Rosengren  Cheryl L. Waldner  Richard J. Reid-Smith  John C.S. Harding  Sheryl P. Gow    Wendy L. Wilkins 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):143-150

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging animal welfare and public health issue linked to antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock. This study was conducted in 2004 on 20 swine farms in Alberta and Saskatchewan. On-farm records and questionnaires were used to retrospectively describe the antimicrobial exposures of pigs through feed, water, and injection. Antimicrobial use in all production categories was described over 12 months. On-farm records and questionnaires provided sufficient data to describe antimicrobial exposure rates through feed and water. In contrast, on-farm records did not supply sufficient data to describe parenteral antimicrobial exposure rates. Records lacked data on the number of exposures per treatment, therefore parenteral AMU was described as an exposure incidence. Parenteral exposure records were often unavailable for pigs less than 22 kg, in which case questionnaires were used. The incidence of parenteral AMU was significantly higher in herds reporting exposure by questionnaire compared with existing records, suggesting that on-farm records did not reliably describe parenteral AMU. However, because antimicrobial exposures in feed and water were markedly more common than through injection, it was concluded that existing on-farm data would be a valuable resource for investigating AMU and AMR in pigs.  相似文献   

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: New,emerging or simply recently described?     

P. A. Wilkins 《Equine Veterinary Education》2008,20(9):477-479

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