Clinicopathologic conference: trauma in a dog     

M D Willard  R L Toal  G Boring 《Modern veterinary practice》1984,65(2):129-133

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USE OF TRANSCOLONIC ¹²³I-IODOAMPHETAMINE TO DIAGNOSE SPONTANEOUS PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS IN 18 DOGS     

Philip D.  Koblik  DVM  MA  Chi-K  Yen  MD  William J.  Hornof  DVM  MS  Pamela  Whiting  DVM  Paul  Fisher  BS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(2):67-73

Transcolonic ¹²³I-Iodoamphetamine is rapidly absorbed across the colonic mucosa and binds to amine receptors in the liver and lungs. During the first ten minutes following colonic administration, a simple ratio of lung counts to lung counts plus liver counts provides an accurate estimate of the fraction of portal blood that bypasses hepatic sinusoids in dogs with portosystemic shunts. Studies were performed on 24 dogs with suspect portosystemic shunt. Shunt fraction values for 18 dogs with surgically confirmed portosystemic shunt were obviously higher than published values for normal dogs, and also significantly higher than values for the other six dogs, later confirmed to lack shunts. Postoperative studies were repeated on ten dogs with single shunt vessels 1–2 days after shunt closure. Total shunt ligation resulted in normal postoperative shunt fraction, whereas partial shunt ligation resulted in persistant elevation of shunt fraction. Transcolonic iodoamphetamine scintigraphy is noninvasive, easy to perform, and provides an accurate method to diagnose dogs with portosystemic shunt.  相似文献   

Pathophysiology and Pharmacologic Modulation of Hepatic Fibrosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cynthia R. Leveille DVM  Irwin M. Arias MD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1993,7(2):73-84

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The relationship between vaginal electrical impedence and hormone profiles during pregnancy and parturition of a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum).     

Susan Bowers  Scott Gandy  Ken Paul  Lisa Woods  Denise D'Angelo  Carolyn Horton  Chris Tabaka  Scott Willard 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(3):451-456

In this study, an attempt was made to use vaginal electrical impedance to predict calving in a female white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and to determine the relationship between vaginal electrical impedance and hormonal profiles during pregnancy. The principle behind vaginal electrical impedance is that a change in the ionic balance of vaginal and cervical mucus occurs in response to changes in reproductive hormones. Three times weekly vaginal electrical impedance readings and fecal samples were collected from midgestation to calving (a 6-mo period). The extracted fecal samples were analyzed for immunoreactive estrogens, progestagens, and corticoids by RIA. Vaginal electrical impedance readings did not decrease before calving but remained consistent throughout the last 140 days of pregnancy. Fecal progestagens in the white rhinoceros decreased between day 17 and day 1 before calving, whereas estrogens increased between 4 and 2 mo before calving, with an additional increase occurring 1 mo before calving. Fecal corticoids increased 5 mo before calving, slowly declined, and increased again within 3 wk before calving. A decline in vaginal electrical impedance was noted 168 days before calving and remained at low levels for 4 wk. At the time of this decrease, the female became aggressive toward the male and began lactating. Fecal progestagens and estrogens did not change during this time; however, fecal corticoids increased as vaginal electrical impedance readings returned to normal along with her behavior and cessation of lactation. In summary, the use of vaginal electrical impedance could not predict parturition in the white rhinoceros. However, an anomaly occurred during pregnancy that was supported by vaginal electrical impedance readings, a change in female behavior, premature lactation, and a subsequent increase in fecal corticoids. The etiology of this physiological anomaly is unknown, yet it did not compromise pregnancy.  相似文献   

Effects of season, age and increased photoperiod on reproductive hormone concentrations and testicular diameters in thoroughbred stallions     

P.J. Burns PhD  M.J. Jawad MS  J.M. Weld MVB  MRCVS  W.C. Kaufman DVM  D.M. Witherspoon DVM  PhD  E.A. Wilson MD  R.H. Douglas PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1984,4(5):202-208

Testicular diameters and monthly blood samples were obtained from 83 stallions aged 4 to 22 years that were maintained on Central Kentucky Thoroughbred stud farms. The effects of age, season, and exposure to increased photoperiod (16 hours light/day, December 15 to April 1) on testicular diameters and plasma concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone were studied.The results indicated that Thoroughbred stallions show distinct seasonal and age related changes in most of the reproductive parameters studied and that exposure of such stallions to increased photoperiod produced significant alterations in these changes. Although lighting stimulated testicular growth and testosterone secretion early in the breeding season such changes were short lived. Lighted stallions appeared to become refractory to the lighting program since both testicular size and plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced by June.  相似文献   

Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Dogs     

Earl F. Calfee III  DVM  Otto I. Lanz  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Daniel A. Degner  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Steven L. Peterson  DVM  MS  MD  Diplomate ACVS    Robert B. Duncan  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP    Richard V. Broadstone  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVA    Robert A. Martin  DVM  Diplomate ACVS  ABVP    Brenda Austin  BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(1):32-43

OBJECTIVE: To assess donor-site morbidity and survival of the rectus abdominis muscle with an overlying skin graft after free tissue transfer to a medial femorotibial defect in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Phase 1: 6 canine cadavers; phase 2: 7 adult mixed-breed dogs. METHODS: Phase 1: The rectus abdominis muscle was removed from canine cadavers, muscular and vascular dimensions were recorded, and angiography was performed. Phase 2: Muscular transfer was performed through anastomosis of the caudal epigastric artery and vein to the saphenous artery and medial saphenous vein. Transferred tissues were evaluated on postoperative days 3, 6, 10, and 13. Animals were examined daily until euthanasia between postoperative days 31 and 42. Postmortem angiograms were performed and tissues collected for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS: Phase 1: Appropriate vascular dimensions for microvascular anastomosis were confirmed and surgical technique perfected. Phase 2: Muscular excision produced minimal donor-site morbidity. All muscles survived after microvascular transfer and angiography confirmed vascular patency. All of the skin grafts survived, with one graft undergoing partial necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The rectus abdominis muscle can be successfully transferred to a medial femorotibial defect and can serve as a bed for acute skin grafting. No significant donor-site morbidity is associated with its removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Microvascular free tissue transfer of the canine rectus abdominis muscle has not been previously described. This technique provides a new alternative for repair of appropriate wounds. Additional studies are needed to define its utility in clinical patients.  相似文献   

SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE-ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE LIVER IN BEAGLE DOGS     

Dongwoo  Chang  DVM  MS  Bongkyeong  Kim  DVM  MS  Youngmin  Yun  DVM  PHD  Yongmin  Hur  MD  Youngwon  Lee  DVM  PHD  Mincheol  Choi  DVM  PHD  Junghee  Yoon  DVM  PHD  Jekyung  Seong  DVM  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(1):37-42

The role of superparamagnetic iron oxide as a tissue-specific contrast medium has been established in humans, especially for hepatic imaging. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles exhibit a tissue-specific biodistribution to the reticuloendothelial system, where they predominantly shorten transverse T2 relaxation time. Most hepatic tumors lack Kupffer cells; therefore, the T2 of tumors remains virtually unchanged after administration of superparamagnetic iron oxide. The resulting loss of signal intensity from the liver, with unchanged tumor signal intensity, increases lesion-to-liver contrast. In this study, MR images were acquired with fast gradient echo recalled at steady state (FGRE) in five Beagle dogs before and after injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide. The effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide on signal intensity of the liver with time was assessed. A signal intensity decrease of 65.7+/-10.0% was detected at 20 minutes, and it continued to decrease until the last time point of MR scanning (200 minutes). The liver intensity of all dogs dropped to half its value after 20 minutes. The effect of motion was minimized by breath holding. Superparamagnetic iron oxide did not have any adverse effects on the dogs.  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF OVINE CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS     

Eduardo A.  Guarnera  MD  Elisa M.  Zanzottera  MVD  Hector  Pereyra  MD  Anibal J.  Franco  MVD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(4):352-354

The sanitary and economic impact of cystic echinococcosis is serious in those countries where it becomes endemic. Ultrasonography is one technique that may be used to diagnose this disease in endemic areas. In parasitized sheep, hydatid cysts appear sonographically as a round hypoechoic structure. Twenty two sheep destined for slaughter were studied sonographically and imaging findings compared to post-mortem findings. Three sheep with hydatid cysts were identified. Eighty additional sheep not destined for slaughter were also studied. Echinococcus granulosus cysts were detected in three animals. Forty sheep from a non-endemic area had no hepatic cysts. The in vivo sonographic study of sheep provides a useful screening tool for echinococcosis.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Clinical and Histologic Features of Renal Allograft Rejection in Cats     

Andrew E. Kyles  BVMS  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Diplomate ECVS    Clare R. Gregory  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Stephen M. Griffey  DVM  PhD    Jose Galvez  MD    Rajen Ramsamooj  MD    Randall E. Morris  MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(1):49-56

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical signs and histopathologic features of renal allograft rejection in cats, and to provide a historical, untreated control group for use in future studies of feline renal allograft rejection. ANIMALS: Fourteen adult research cats. METHODS: Renal transplantation and bilateral nephrectomy were performed in pairs of immunogenically mismatched cats. A physical examination was performed, and packed cell volume, total protein, and plasma creatinine concentrations were measured each day after surgery. The cats were euthanatized when plasma creatinine concentration exceeded 7 mg/dL or when weight loss exceeded 20%. Renal histopathology was scored according to the Banff 97 criteria by 3 pathologists. RESULTS: Nine cats completed the study. Plasma creatinine exceeded 7 mg/dL in 5 cats, weight loss exceeded 20% in 3 cats, and 1 cat was found dead. Clinical signs in cats with rejection were nonspecific or absent. Rectal temperature decreased by 0.8 +/- 0.5 degrees C in the 24 hours before euthanasia. The pathologists agreed on the allograft histopathologic category in 6 of 9 cats. The histologic consensus was acute/active rejection in 8 cats and normal in 1 cat. Median survival time of the 8 cats with histologically confirmed allograft rejection was 23 days (range, 8-34 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Renal allograft rejection is associated with minimal clinical signs. Therefore, plasma creatinine concentration should be measured routinely in patients with a functioning allograft. An increase in plasma creatinine concentration is highly suspicious for allograft rejection, although a biopsy of the renal allograft is needed for definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndromes in veterinary medicine: consensus definitions: The Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Working Group on ALI and ARDS in Veterinary Medicine     

Pamela A. Wilkins  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  DACVECC    Cynthia M. Otto  DVM  PhD  DACVECC    James E. Baumgardner  MD  PhD    Bettina Dunkel  DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC    Daniela Bedenice  DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC    Mary Rose Paradis  DVM  DACVIM    Francesco Staffieri  DVM  PhD    Rebecca S. Syring  DVM  DACVECC    Joanne Slack  DVM  DACVIM    Salvatore Grasso  MD    Gene Pranzo  Esq. 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2007,17(4):333-339

Background: As veterinary medicine has become more sophisticated, with greater numbers of veterinary patients receiving intensive care, more patients with an acute respiratory distress (ARDS)‐like syndrome have been recognized. Methods: A consensus definition meeting was held for the purpose of developing veterinary‐specific definitions for acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS. Results/conclusions: Three clinically based definitions for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress‐like syndromes occurring in veterinary patients were described. Neonatal equine respiratory distress syndrome (NERDS) was defined separately due to the specific requirement for primary developmental surfactant dysfunction and lack of an inflammatory component. Five diagnostic criteria categories were established for Veterinary ALI/ARDS (Vet ALI/ARDS) with 4 required and a fifth highly recommended criteria. A strong consensus was reached that onset of respiratory distress must have been acute and that known risk factors must be present. Additional criteria included evidence of pulmonary capillary leak with no evidence of increased pulmonary capillary pressure, evidence of inefficient gas exchange and, finally, evidence of inflammation. Some features of ALI/ARDS in the neonatal horse were recognized as unique, therefore, equine neonatal ALI/ARDS (EqNALI/EqNARDS) was similarly defined but with a graded gas exchange inefficiency table to allow for normal developmental changes in gas exchange. Use of these definitions in planning prospective studies of these problems in veterinary patients should allow for more direct comparisons of studies and clinical trials, with a larger goal of improving outcome in veterinary patients.  相似文献