Canine Chronic Bronchitis     

Philip A. Padrid DVM    William J. Hornof DVM    C. J. Kurpershoek  Carroll E. Cross MD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1990,4(3):172-180

Eighteen dogs with chronic bronchitis were studied using physiologic, radiologic, microbiologic, and pathologic techniques. Twelve of these dogs were evaluated before and after two weeks of oral bronchodilator administration. Thoracic radiographs, tidal breathing flow-volume loops, radioaerosol ventilation scans, airway appearance at bronchoscopy, and airway pathology were abnormal in the majority of dogs studied. There was a significant relationship between abnormal ventilation scans and abnormal results for PaO2 and end-tidal airflow. Bronchoscopy revealed excessive mucus and inflammation of airway mucosa in all 16 dogs undergoing this procedure. Endoscopically obtained aerobic bacterial cultures grew mixed bacterial flora in only three dogs. Increased numbers of neutrophils in 14 dogs were detected by airway lavage cytology. A large number of eosinophils were seen in airway lavages obtained from two dogs; these two dogs also had evidence for eosinophilic bronchitis on endobronchial biopsy. Oral bronchodilator administration resulted in clinical and expiratory airflow improvements in most dogs, but had no effect on PaO2 or on the radioaerosol-scan abnormalities. The presence of both the physiologic and pathologic airway abnormalities of chronic bronchitis in dogs presented to a veterinary hospital with chronic unexplained cough was confirmed, suggesting that aerobic bacteria do not play an etiologic role in most cases.  相似文献   

Isolation of viable canine intestinal lymphocytes     

M D Willard  R W Bull  P J Coffman 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(3):471-474

A modification of a previously reported enzymatic technique was used to isolate 60% to 90% pure populations of viable lymphocytes from canine small intestinal mucosa. Mitogenesis assays were then simultaneously performed on these and isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same dogs. A technique to isolate intraepithelial lymphocytes was not successful. Intestinal mucosal lymphocytes were simultaneously purified by 2 different techniques (suspensions B and C), which produced cell populations that responded similarly to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogens. The peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated greater response to PHA and concanavalin A mitogens than did the intestinal mucosal lymphocytes (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, peripheral blood lymphocytes had a significantly higher response to PHA than to pokeweed mitogen (P less than 0.05). The impure preparation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (suspension A) did not show any evidence of reactivity to mitogens. Further studies are needed to determine whether the EDTA or collagenase had any effect upon the intestinal mucosal lymphocyte responsiveness. The present study demonstrated that viable mucosal lymphocytes can be isolated from the canine intestine and that they can maintain their responsiveness to mitogens.  相似文献   

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE SCINTIGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION IN DOGS EXPOSED TO TOXIC DOSES OF GENTAMICIN     

Michaël  Lora-Michiels  Med Vet  Kelly  Anzola  MD  Germän  Amaya  DMV PhD  Mauricio  Solano  Med Vet 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(6):553-561

Five, 3-month-old mongrel dogs weighing between 4.5 to 5.5 kg were studied to evaluate and compare the efficiency of 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-MAG3, and 99mTc-DMSA in detecting gentamicin-induced renal tubular injury. After baseline renograms using all three methods, all dogs received daily intramuscular injections of gentamicin at a dose of 30-45 mg/kg. Additional studies were obtained after a cumulative dose of 450, 1,575, and 2,250 mg of gentamicin was reached. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and percentage of total renal uptake measurements were calculated. Baseline and post-gentamicin injection blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine values were determined. A Duncan test revealed significant renal function impairment at 450 mgs of cumulated gentamicin with 99mTc-DMSA and at 1,575 mgs of cumulated gentamicin for 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-MAG3. There was no correlation between BUN and serum creatinine values when compared to gentamicin (p > 0.05). The images obtained with 99mTc-MAG3 were of better quality than those obtained with 99mTc-DTPA even under severe renal dysfunction. Percentage of 99mTc-DMSA uptake indicated renal damage, before than GFR and ERPF. BUN and serum creatinine measurements were poor indicators of gentamicin-induced renal failure.  相似文献   

FAMILIAL CEREBELLAR ATAXIA WITH HYDROCEPHALUS IN BULL MASTIFFS     

Ronald P.  Johnson  DVM  T. Mark  Neer  DVM  Beth P.  Partington  DVM  MS  Doo-Youn  Cho  DVM  PhD  Curtis R.  Partington  MD  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(3):246-249

Familial cerebellar ataxia with concurrent hydrocephalus has previously been described in a family of bull mastiff pups, and recently has been identified in a litter from Louisiana. The 4 affected pups had ataxia, hypermetria, conscious proprioceptive deficits, behavioral abnormalities, and a visual deficit. In magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of two of the pups, there were symmetric hydrocephalus and two focal areas of increased signal intensity within the central nuclei of the cerebellum. Histopathologically there was vacuolization and mild astrogliosis within the deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate, interpositus, fastigial), caudal colliculi, and lateral vestibular nuclei. Although the postmortem results were not exactly the same as in the previously published report, the clinical features and histopathologic findings strongly support the diagnosis. This disorder is most likely inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.  相似文献   

Biomechanics of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Dog II. Mechanical Properties   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

DAVID L. BUTLER PhD    DONALD A. HULSE DipACVS  DVM    MATTHEW D. KAY  EDWARD S. GROOD PhD    PETER K. SHIRES DVM    ROBERT D'AMBROSIA MD  HIROMU SHOJI MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1983,12(3):113-118

A biomechanical analysis of the results of an over-the-top procedure for replacement of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in the dog is presented. Using 15 adult mongrel dogs, the CCL in one stifle joint was reconstructed using fascia lata and the lateral one-third of the patellar ligament. The opposite CCL served as the control. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 4, 12 and 26 weeks postoperation and axial failure tests were performed. Stiffness, maximum load, and elastic modulus of the replacement increased over time, while elongation to maximum load continually decreased as compared to controls. Other parameters showed less consistent trends.
The results are encouraging given the reduction in joint laxity and the increases in tissue stiffness and strength. However, the ligament substitute was still unable to replicate the mechanical properties of the normal cruciate ligament. Longer studies therefore are required to determine if this replacement is capable of completely restoring joint stability and normal function.  相似文献   

Radioactive Iodine Treatment of a Functional Thyroid Carcinoma Producing Hyperthyroidism in a Dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark E. Peterson DVM    Peter P. Kintzer DVM    James R. Hurley MD  David V. Becker MD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1989,3(1):20-25

Radioactive iodine (131I) was used in the treatment of a 12-year-old female dog with hyperthyroidism resulting from a large, unresectable (and metastatic) thyroid carcinoma associated with signs of severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, nervousness) and high basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, as well as thyroid radioiodine kinetic studies that showed a high radioiodine uptake into the thyroid (% thyroid uptake) and markedly increased serum concentrations of protein-bound iodine-131 (PB131I) after 131I tracer injection. Thyroid imaging revealed diffuse radionuclide accumulation by the tumor, which involved both thyroid lobes. The dog was treated with three large doses of radioiodine (131I), ranging from 60 to 75 mCi, given at intervals of 5 to 7 months. The dog became euthyroid, and the size of the tumor decreased by approximately 25% after each 131I treatment, improving the severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, but both the hyperthyroid state and breathing difficulty recurred within a few months of each treatment. The dog was euthanatized 5 months after the last treatment because of progressive tracheal compression and pulmonary metastasis.  相似文献   

Equine arthroscopic surgery     

Willard D. Ommert 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1981,1(5):177-182

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Chylothorax associated with blastomycosis in a dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M D Willard  J D Conroy 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,186(1):72-73

Respiratory distress caused by pleural effusion resulted from chylothorax. Thoracic drainage and lowfat dietary therapy was effective in removing and preventing significant recurrence of the chylothorax; however, the patient died unexpectedly. At necropsy a blastomycotic granuloma found at the precava was considered the cause of the chylothorax. There had been no recognizable antemortem signs of blastomycosis. Blastomycosis can be considered as a rare cause of chylothorax.  相似文献   

An analysis of mortality in the grower/finisher phase of swine production in the United States     

Willard C. Losinger  Eric J. Bush  Marty A. Smith  Barbara A. Corso 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):121-145

Over a 6-month period, the mean mortality risk (based on 393 operations participating in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study, and representing operations with ≥ 300 market hogs in 16 states), was 2.3 ± 0.2% in the grower/finisher production phase (where figures after the ± represent the standard error of the estimate). Mortality ≥ 4% was experienced by 13.5 2.9% of grower/finisher operations, while 63.6 ± 5.3% had ≤ 2% mortality. To identify factors associated with ≥ 4% mortality, stepwise logistic regression [Statistical Analysis Systems, (1989). SAS/STAT^® User's Guide, Version 6, 4th edn, Vol. 2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 794 pp.]was performed twice: once using operations with all mortality rates, and again excluding operations with between 2% and 4% mortality. Final models were run with SUDAAN [Shah, B.V., Barnwell, B.G., Bieler, G.S., (1996). SUDAAN User's Manual, Version 6.40, 2nd edn. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 492 pp.] to take the sample design into account. In addition, SAS and SUDAAN logistic regression models were developed to analyze factors associated with > 2.3% mortality among grower/finisher pigs. Mean weaning age ≤ 28 days entered all models as being associated with increased mortality in the grower/finisher unit. Not obtaining all grower/finisher pigs from farrowing units belonging to the operation was associated with ≥ 4% mortality among grower/finisher swine. Not typically giving grower/finisher pigs antibiotics or other agents as disease-preventives or growth-promotants in the feed or water, and ranking producer organizations as very or extremely important sources of antibiotic information were associated with ≤ 2.3% mortality in the grower/finisher phase.  相似文献   

Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama)     

Willard ST  Petty SJ  Sasser RG  White DL  Randel RD 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(1):32-38

Fallow does (n = 502) of different ages (mature, 2-yr-old, and yearling) were maintained with bucks for a 60-d breeding season to determine whether previous reproductive performance and changes in BW affect doe pregnancy rates and to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography and serum pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) for the detection of pregnancy in fallow does. Ultrasonography was performed, blood samples collected, and BW recorded at buck removal (d 0) and at 30 and 90 d after buck removal. Lactational status (lactating = WET; nonlactating = DRY) were determined from farm records taken at weaning prior to each breeding season (autumn 1990 through autumn 1994). Ultrasonography and PSPB for determining pregnancy were in agreement 93% of the time. Overall pregnancy rates did not differ (P>.10) relative to age of the doe; the combined pregnancy rate was 92%. We also determined that 82.9% of does conceived early in the breeding season and that the incidence of embryonal-fetal mortality during the first 90 d after buck removal was 2.8%. In general, mature and 2-yr-old DRY does were heavier and had lower pregnancy rates than WET does. The overall weaning rate for all does was 77.9%. Loss in the number of fawns from pregnancy detection to weaning was equivalent to 14.8% for mature does, 24.7% for 2 yr old does, and 42.5% for yearling does. These data indicate that even though pregnancy rates were relatively high, further study is needed to determine the causes associated with subsequent fawn losses, particularly among yearling does. As a production tool, lactational WET/ DRY status testing was found to be an acceptable means for determining the reproductive potential of individual does within the herd. In addition, serum PSPB may be used in place of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in fallow deer as early as d 30 after buck removal.  相似文献