Animal‐Level Factors Affecting Ovarian Function in Bos indicus Heifers Treated to Synchronize Ovulation with Intravaginal Progesterone‐Releasing Devices and Oestradiol Benzoate     

SAA Butler  NJ Phillips  GB Boe‐Hansen  GA Bo  BM Burns  K Dawson  MR McGowan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(3):463-471

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of animal‐level factors including energy balance and environmental/management stress, on the ovarian function of Bos indicus heifers treated to synchronize ovulation. Two‐year‐old Brahman (BN) (n = 30) and BN‐cross (n = 34) heifers were randomly allocated to three intravaginal progesterone‐releasing device (IPRD) treatment groups: (i) standard‐dose IPRD [Cue‐Mate^® (CM) 1.56 g; n = 17]; (ii) half‐dose IPRD [0.78 g progesterone (P₄); CM 0.78 g; n = 15]; (iii) half‐dose IPRD + 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin at IPRD removal (CM 0.78 g + G; n = 14); (iv) and a control group, 2× PGF_2α [500 μg prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α)] on Day ?16 and ?2 (n = 18). Intravaginal progesterone‐releasing device‐treated heifers received 250 μg PGF_2α at IPRD insertion (Day ?10) and IPRD removal (Day ?2) and 1 mg oestradiol benzoate on Day ?10 and ?1. Heifers were managed in a small feedlot and fed a defined ration. Ovarian function was evaluated by ultrasonography and plasma P₄ throughout the synchronized and return cycles. Energy balance was evaluated using plasma insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) and glucose concentrations. The impact of environmental stressors was evaluated using plasma cortisol concentration. Heifers that had normal ovarian function had significantly higher IGF‐I concentrations at commencement of the experiment (p = 0.008) and significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations at Day ?2 (p = 0.040) and Day 4 (p = 0.043), than heifers with abnormal ovarian function. There was no difference between the mean pre‐ovulatory cortisol concentrations of heifers that ovulated or did not ovulate. However, heifers that ovulated had higher cortisol concentrations at Day 4 (p = 0.056) and 6 (p = 0.026) after ovulation than heifers that did not ovulate.  相似文献   

Why did the pre-columbian maya civilization collapse?     

Willey GR  Shimkin DB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,173(3997):656-658

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital: frequency, characterization, and association with clinical disease     

Weese JS  Rousseau J  Willey BM  Archambault M  McGeer A  Low DE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(1):182-186

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging equine pathogen. To attempt to control nosocomial and zoonotic transmission, an MRSA screening program was established for all horses admitted to the Ontario Veterinary College Veterinary Teaching Hospital, whereby nasal screening swabs were collected at admission, weekly during hospitalization, and at discharge. MRSA was isolated from 120 (5.3%) of 2,283 horses: 61 (50.8%) at the time of admission, 53 (44.2%) during hospitalization, and 6 from which the origin was unclear because an admission swab had not been collected. Clinical infections attributable to MRSA were present or developed in 14 (11.7%) of 120 horses. The overall rate of community-associated colonization was 27 per 1,000 admissions. Horses colonized at admission were more likely to develop clinical MRSA infection than those not colonized at admission (OR 38.9, 95% CI 9.49 160, P < 0.0001). The overall nosocomial MRSA colonization incidence rate was 23 per 1,000 admissions. The incidence rate of nosocomial MRSA infection was at the rate of 1.8 per 1,000 admissions, with an incidence density of 0.88 per 1,000 patient days. Administration of ceftiofur or aminoglycosides during hospitalization was the only risk factor associated with nosocomial MRSA colonization. MRSA screening of horses admitted to a veterinary hospital was useful for identification of community-associated and nosocomial colonization and infection, and for monitoring of infection control practices.  相似文献   

A BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF IONIZED AIR     

Chase CT  Willey CH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1935,82(2120):157-158

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Production of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos in vitro: Premises and Promises   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S Nandi  HM Raghu  BM Ravindranatha  & MS Chauhan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(2):65-74

Techniques for in vitro production (IVP) of buffalo embryos adopting the procedures developed in cattle have received increasing interest in the recent times. A high oocyte maturation, fertilization and cleavage rate and a low rate of blastocyst yield and calving following transfer of in vitro produced buffalo embryos have been obtained. The efficiency of IVP in buffalo is much lower than that in cattle. Several problems need to be resolved before IVP technology can be used regularly in buffalo breeding. This review attempts to present an overview of the different techniques used in buffalo to produce transferable embryos in vitro, namely in vitro maturation and fertilization of immature oocytes and in vitro development of the resulting cleaved embryos to the blastocyst stage before transfer. The problems associated with IVP, the possible solutions and the new biotechniques linked to IVP are discussed.  相似文献   

Myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma with multifocal osseous metaplasia at the site of equine influenza vaccination     

NJ Kannegieter  KL Schaaf  DK Lovell  CD Simon  BM Stone 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(4):132-136

We describe a fibrosarcoma in a 12-year-old Quarterhorse × Arabian gelding as a sequela to equine influenza vaccination. Shortly after the second vaccination, swelling at the site was noticed by the owner and it continued to increase in size over the following 6 months. Biopsy of the mass indicated a fibrosarcoma had developed at the vaccination site. It was approximately 20 cm in diameter and elevated well above the level of the skin. There was no clinical evidence of metastases to the lungs or local lymph nodes. Surgical resection of the mass was performed and the wound healed by first and second intention. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed a myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma with multifocal osseous metaplasia. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first equine case of a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma.  相似文献   

Prospects for an invasion: competition between Aedes albopictus and native Aedes triseriatus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

T P Livdahl  M S Willey 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5016):189-191

Competition between larval populations of the native North American treehole mosquito Aedes triseriatus and Aedes albopictus, recently introduced from Asia to North America, was assessed by comparing per capita growth rate estimates for experimental cohorts of larvae developing under a variety of initial density combinations in fluid obtained from tires or from treeholes. Estimates of carrying capacities and competition coefficients indicate that competition between the two species will result in stable coexistence in treehole communities but local extinction of A. triseriatus in tire habitats.  相似文献   

Effects of Oxygen Supplementation on Acute Mountain Sickness Symptoms and Functional Capacity During a 2-Kilometer Walk Test on Chajnantor Plateau (5050 Meters, Northern Chile)     

Juan A. Silva-Urra BM  BSc  Constanza Urizar BM  Carla Basualto-Alarcón BM  Joan Ramon Torrella PhD  Teresa Pagés PhD  Claus Behn MD  Ginés Viscor PhD 《The Forestry Chronicle》2011,22(3):250-256

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Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) poisoning of three ponies     

SM Ossedryver  GI Baldwin  BM Stone  RA McKenzie  AW van Eps  S Murray  MT Fletcher 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(4):143-149

Three ponies continuously grazed a pasture containing an estimated 24% Indigofera spicata (wet weight basis) for 4–6 weeks in April and May 2004. They developed ataxia, paresis, depression, muscle fasciculations, dysphagia, ptyalism and halitosis. Two also developed corneal opacity. One pony recovered with supportive treatment, but the other two were euthanased and necropsied. Neuropathology was not present in either case, but both livers had periacinar and periportal lymphocytic infiltrations and hydropic degeneration of mid‐zonal hepatocytes, with mild to moderate periacinar necrosis also evident in one. The I. spicata contained 2.66 mg 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA)/g dry matter and 1.5 mg indospicine/g dry matter. Indospicine, but not 3‐NPA, was detected in serum from both of the euthanased ponies and indospicine was detected in heart, liver and muscle from the one pony in which this assay was performed. The clinical syndrome closely resembled ‘Birdsville horse disease’ caused by I. linnaei and was similar to that reported in horses poisoned by the closely related species I. hendecaphylla and to 3‐NPA poisoning of other animals, including humans. 3‐NPA is thought to cause this neurological syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first authenticated report of I. spicata poisoning in grazing animals. We also report here the first published evidence that 3‐NPA and indospicine exist in naturalised I. spicata in Australia and of the formation of indospicine residues in tissues of animals grazing paddocks infested with I. spicata.  相似文献   

Conjunctival vaccination of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guérin     

LAL Corner  BM Buddle 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):133-136

AIM: To determine the efficacy of conjunctival vaccination of captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), as measured by immunological responses to vaccination and response to intratracheal challenge with Mycobacterium bovis.

METHODS: Nine adult male brushtail possums were vaccinated by the instillation of a suspension of BCG strain Pasteur 1173P2 into the conjunctival sac of each eye. Each drop contained approximately 2.5 × 10⁵ colony forming units (cfu). At 8 weeks post-vaccination (pv) the vaccinated possums and 10 unvaccinated possums were challenged by intratracheal instillation of approximately 100 cfu of M. bovis. Cellular immune responses to bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen were measured using the lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA). Possums surviving to 50–51 days after challenge were euth anised and subjected to detailed post-mortem examination, including histopathology, to assess protection against tuberculosis. Sections of lung and spleen were cultured for M. bovis.

RESULTS: No conjunctival inflammation or other adverse reactions to the administration of the vaccine were evident macroscopically. The vaccinated group showed a systemic cellular immune response to bovine PPD antigen at 4 and 8 weeks pv, and the response at 8 weeks was significantly greater than at 4 weeks (p<0.05). Conjunctival vaccination induced significant levels of protective immunity, measured as less mass of tuberculous lesions in lung (p<0.05) and less dissemination of disease in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated possums (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival vaccination with BCG induced a significant level of protective immunity against M. bovis infection in possums. This route of vaccination, together with intranasal aerosol vaccination, could be utilised in the delivery of an aerosolised vaccine using a device that sprays the vaccine suspension into the eyes and nose of possums.  相似文献