Efficacy of tiamulin against experimentally induced Streptococcus suis type-2 infection in swine   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M M Chengappa  L W Pace  J A Williams  C H Herren  S E Ascher 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(11):1467-1470

Eighteen 4-week-old pigs were used in a study to evaluate tiamulin in drinking water for control of experimentally induced Streptococcus suis type-2 infection. Pigs in groups A and B (n = 6 pigs/group) were aerosolized with a logarithmic-growth phase culture of S suis type 2, whereas pigs in group C (n = 6 pigs) served as noninfected and nonmedicated controls. After exposure to S suis, pigs in group B were given 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 5 days. Pigs in group B consumed more feed (P = 0.009) and gained body weight faster (P = 0.02) than did pigs in group A. Pigs in group A had higher rectal temperature (P = 0.05) for up to 7 days after S suis exposure, higher clinical sign scores (P = 0.008), higher serum cortisol concentration on days 7 and 14, higher gross lesion scores (P = 0.03), and higher microscopic lesion scores (P = 0.01) than did pigs in groups B and C. Gross and microscopic lesions in pigs of groups A and B included meningitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis, and synovitis of variable severity. Streptococcus suis type 2 was recovered from tissue specimens of 2 group-A pigs and 1 group-B pig. Data indicated that tiamulin administered via drinking water significantly reduced the effects of S suis type-2 infection.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of neoplasia in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), 1986-1996.     

Stéphane Lair  Ian K Barker  Kay G Mehren  Elizabeth S Williams 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2002,33(3):204-213

The epidemiology of neoplastic disease was studied retrospectively in the captive population of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Postmortem reports were reviewed and archived tissues examined from 184 of the 227 adult (>1 yr old) black-footed ferrets that died from the beginning of the current captive propagation program in late 1985 to the end of 1996. A total of 185 neoplasms, of 28 distinct phenotypes, were seen in 102 (55.4%) of these ferrets. There was more than one tumor type present in 51 ferrets. Tumors of the apocrine glands (28.3%), renal tubular neoplasms (20.7%), and biliary cystadenoma or carcinoma (20.1%) were the most common neoplasms. The probability of developing most types of neoplasms increased with age. Neoplasms of the apocrine glands were more common in males and may be hormonally influenced. The unusually high prevalence of biliary cystadenocarcinoma may be secondary to the common occurrence of intrahepatic biliary cysts in this population. Although neoplasia is an important cause of mortality in captive adult black-footed ferrets, its impact on captive propagation of the species, and on the wild population, is probably limited because clinically significant tumors are encountered almost exclusively in postreproductive ferrets (>3 yr old) and because ferrets released into their natural habitat rarely reach susceptible age.  相似文献   

Intermittment vomiting and weight loss in an old dog     

CR O'BRIEN  WT WONG 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(4):251-251

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Ultrasonographic renal changes associated with phenylbutazone administration in three foals.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

R Lveill  T Miyabayashi  S E Weisbrode  D S Biller  M Takiguchi    J F Williams 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(4):235-236

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Subsequent reproduction and calf performance of nonpregnant cows compared with pregnant cows and replacement females     

W E Neville  K L Richardson  D J Williams  B G Mullinix  P R Utley 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(8):2188-2197

This study was conducted with Angus, Polled Hereford and Santa Gertrudis straightbred and crossbred cows. The subsequent cow breeding and calf performance of cows that were nonpregnant (NP) were compared with cows that were pregnant (PG) at the time calves were weaned. All NP cows had a calf the year previous to their being nonpregnant. They were diagnosed as physically sound with no detection (by rectal palpation) of an abnormal reproductive tract. The NP and PG cows were aged 4 to 9 yr. Also, the NP cows were compared with replacement females exposed to calve first as 2- and 3-yr-olds (H2 and H3, respectively), and with cows exposed for second calving as 3-yr-olds (C2). Cows were assigned within breed composition and age to sire breeding groups on pasture. Subsequent calving and weaning rates were similar for NP, PG and H2 cows, similar for H3 and H2 cows and lowest (P less than .05) for C2 cows. Calves from NP and H3 cows were born earlier (P less than .05) in the calving period than calves from PG and H2 cows, whereas calves from C2 cows were born later (P less than .05) than those from NP, PG and H3 cows. Calving difficulty was similar for NP, PG and C2 and greatest (P less than .05) for H2 cows. Calf 205-d weights were highest (P less than .05) for NP, similar for PG and H3 and lowest (P less than .05) for C2 and H2 cows. Calf weaning weight per cow exposed for breeding from NP cows was 13.8, 32.3, 55.2 and 1.0 kg higher than from PG, H2, C2 and H3 cows, respectively. Causes for cows being nonpregnant were reported. Also, calving patterns during 6 consecutive calving periods (6 yr) were evaluated.  相似文献   

Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R MALIK  P MARTIN  DI WIGNEY  DB CHURCH  W BRADLEY  CR BELLENGER  WA LAMB  VR BARRS  S FOSTER  S HEMSLEY  PJ CANFIELD  DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):483-488

Naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. Involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. Signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. Diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. Concurrent cryptococcal rhinitis was present in all cases, although involvement appeared limited to the caudal nasal cavity in most cases. Typical signs of nasal cavity disease, such as sneezing and nasal discharge, were often absent. Treatment of nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis should include physical dislodgement or debulking of lesion(s) to provide immediate alleviation of upper airway obstruction, followed by systemic antifungal therapy to eliminate residual infection from the nasal cavity. Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii accounted for a disproportionately large number of these cases.  相似文献   

Effect of Dietary Phospholipids on Digestion of Neutral Lipid by the Prawn Penaeus monodon     

Brett D.  Glencross David M.  Smith Kevin C.  Williams 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(3):365-369

Abstract— Different amounts of dietary phospholipid were tested for their effect on the digestibility of total neutral lipids in the diet of the prawn Penaeus monodon . A purified source of the phospholipid, L-α-phosphatidylcholine, was included at 0. 5, 10, 20 or 40 g/kg in a purified diet containing 80 g/kg olive oil as the predominant neutral lipid source. The apparent digestibility of the neutral lipid (ADNL) in these diets was determined by comparing concentrations of the digestibility marker, cholestane in the feed and faeces of the prawns. ADNL (%) increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary phospholipid content (X, %) as described by the equation: ADNL = 80.4 + 9.08X -1.705X² (P < 0.05; R² = 0.71); the asymptote of 92.5% was achieved with a phosphatidylcholine value of 27 g/kg. These results demonstrate that phosphatidylcholine significantly increases the digestibility of neutral lipids by penaeid prawns. However, olive oil was used as the predominant neutral lipid source to examine the effects with a relatively poorly digestible lipid source. The effects of phosphatidylcholine on more readily digested lipid sources such as fish oils, may not be as great, but still be sufficient to improve the utilisation of these nutrients.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization of a multiploid mutant of durum wheat with rye and Triticum monococcum L. results in pentaploid hybrids     

D. L. Klindworth  N. D. Williams  R. A. McIntosh 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):213-216

The multiploid mutant of durum wheat is a genotype that produces unreduced gametes. Our objective was to test the recovery of pentaploid hybrids in crosses of the mutant with rye and Triticum monococcum L. Compared with check crosses, the mutant had a two‐third reduction in percent seed set for rye crosses, but had only a slight decrease in crossability with T. monococcum. Pentaploid hybrids were associated with plump seeds of the mutant/rye cross, and with shrivelled seeds of the mutant/T. monococcum cross. We suggest that the endosperm balance number hypothesis explains the association of pentaploid hybrids with endosperm type. This association made for easy recovery of pentaploid hybrids from crosses to both species. Mature, plump seeds from the mutant/rye cross were germinated and pentaploid hybrids were recovered. One pentaploid hybrid was recovered for every 50.5 and 15.1 florets pollinated with rye and T. monococcum, respectively. Unreduced gametes in the multiploid mutant will facilitate interspecific hybridization by reducing the time to produce pentaploid plants.  相似文献   

Early assessment of processing strawberries for colour   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hedley Williams 《Euphytica》1977,26(3):841-845

Summary It is possible to select strawberry cultivars that give a satisfactory, naturally coloured canned product as an alternative to the commercially dyed one. Spectrophotometric measurements of the syrup from cans, the canned fruit and fresh fruit were compared with visual scoring. A preliminary screening for colour based on visual assessment of fresh flesh colour is possible.  相似文献   

Genetical control of alkaloid production in Lupinus mutabilis and the effect of a mutant allele Mutal isolated following chemical mutagenesis     

Watkin Williams  Jill E. M. Harrison  Sumithra Jayasekera 《Euphytica》1984,33(3):811-817

Summary A new mutant allele, described here as mutal, which reduces the alkaloid content in dry matter of lupinus mutabilis has been identified following seed treatment with ethyl methane sulphanate. The allele, when homozygous, reduces the alkaloid content from levels of > 2.0 per cent found in seed dry matter of existing populations to 0.2–0.3 per cent and produces plants with vegetative and seed tissues that are organoleptically sweet. Component alkaloids in plants homozygous for mutal differ in respect of the percentage composition of sparteine and of lupanine, as well as possibly of oxa-sparteine and 4-hydroxylupanine, but none is eliminated in genotypes homozygous for the mutant allele. Alkaloid concentration, in so far as not under the control of mutal, has low heritability but lines were isolated following two generations of successive selection which possessed reduced alkaloid levels. These were interpreted to have arisen as a result of recombination of alleles affecting reduction in alkaloid level at several loci. the mutant, mutal, has been established in a pure breeding line which represents a crucial additional step in the evolution of Lupinus mutabilis towards full status as a crop plant.  相似文献