Cultivation of the Drosophila sex-ratio spiroplasma     

Hackett KJ  Lynn DE  Williamson DL  Ginsberg AS  Whitcomb RF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4755):1253-1255

Uncultivable for more than 25 years, the sex-ratio spiroplasma of Drosophila willistoni grew in a tissue culture medium (H-2) containing an embryo-derived lepidopteran cell line (IPLB-TN-R(2)). After adaptation, it grew in a cell-free H-2 medium. This success demonstrates the usefulness of cell culture systems for cultivation of fastidious microorganisms and facilitates study of the sex-ratio trait in Drosophila.  相似文献   

Hydroxycinnamic acids and ferulic acid dehydrodimers in barley and processed barley     

Hernanz D  Nuñez V  Sancho AI  Faulds CB  Williamson G  Bartolomé B  Gómez-Cordovés C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(10):4884-4888

Hydroxycinnamic acid content and ferulic acid dehydrodimer content were determined in 11 barley varieties after alkaline hydrolysis. Ferulic acid (FA) was the most abundant hydroxycinnamate with concentrations ranging from 359 to 624 microg/g dry weight. p-Coumaric acid (PCA) levels ranged from 79 to 260 microg/g dry weight, and caffeic acid was present at concentrations of <19 microg/g dry weight. Among the ferulic acid dehydrodimers that were identified, 8-O-4'-diFA was the most abundant (73-118 microg/g dry weight), followed by 5,5'-diFA (26-47 microg/g dry weight), the 8,5'-diFA benzofuran form (22-45 microg/g dry weight), and the 8,5'-diFA open form (10-23 microg/g dry weight). Significant variations (p < 0.05) among the different barley varieties were observed for all the compounds that were quantified. Barley grains were mechanically fractionated into three fractions: F1, fraction consisting mainly of the husk and outer layers; F2, intermediate fraction; and F3, fraction consisting mainly of the endosperm. Fraction F1 contained the highest concentration for ferulic acid (from 77.7 to 82.3% of the total amount in barley grain), p-coumaric acid (from 78.0 to 86.3%), and ferulic acid dehydrodimers (from 79.2 to 86.8%). Lower contents were found in fraction F2, whereas fraction F3 exhibited the lowest percentages (from 1.2 to 1.9% for ferulic acid, from 0.9 to 1.7% for p-coumaric acid, and <0.02% for ferulic acid dehydrodimers). The solid barley residue from the brewing process (brewer's spent grain) was approximately 5-fold richer in ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid dehydrodimers than barley grains.  相似文献   

QTLs for black-point resistance in wheat and the identification of potential markers for use in breeding programmes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. Lehmensiek    A. W. Campbell    M. W. Sutherland  P. M. Williamson  M. Michalowitz  G. E. Daggard 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(5):410-416

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for black‐point resistance have been mapped in two doubled haploid‐derived wheat populations, each thought to contain unrelated sources of resistance. In the ‘Sunco’בTasman’‐derived population, QTLs were located on chromosomes 1D, 2B, 3D, 4A, 5A and 7A with each QTL explaining between 4 and 15% of the observed phenotypic variance. QTLs were contributed by both parents. In the ‘Cascades’בAUS1408’‐derived population, QTLs from ‘Cascades’ were identified on chromosomes 2A, 2D and 7A with each QTL explaining between 12 and 18% of the phenotypic variance. Several markers were identified which are promising candidates for use in marker‐assisted selection programmes. If one, two or three of these markers would have been used to select for black‐point resistance in the ‘Sunco’בTasman’ population, then with one marker 34 of 39 resistant lines, with two markers 23 of 32 and with three markers 17 of 32 would have been selected. At the same time, 67 false positives obtained by selecting with one marker are reduced to 24 by selection with two markers and to 11 by selection with three markers. Similarly, if one, two or three markers are used to select for black‐point resistance in the ‘Cascades’בAUS1408’ populations, then with one marker 25 of 31 resistant lines, with two markers 26 of 31 and with three markers 10 of 31 are selected. At the same time, 14 false positives are obtained with one marker are reduced to six by selection with two markers and no false positives are selected using three markers.  相似文献   

Resistance to cane and foliar diseases in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and related species     

B. Williamson  D. L. Jennings 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):59-70

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Retrospective analysis of 736 cases of canine gastric dilatation volvulus     

KK Song  SE Goldsmid  J Lee  DJ Simpson 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(6):232-238

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Coupling stable isotope studies with food web manipulations to predict the effects of exotic fish: lessons from Cuatro Ciénegas,Mexico     

Jane C. Marks  Christopher Williamson  Dean A. Hendrickson 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(4):317-323

• 1. Exotic species threaten native species worldwide, but their impacts are difficult to predict.
• 2. Stable isotope analysis was combined with field competition experiments to predict how an invasive African cichlid fish, Hemichromis guttatus, might affect native fish in the desert springs of Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico.
• 3. Stable isotope analysis suggested diet overlap between the invader and juvenile endemic cichlids, and field experiments verified that the invader reduces growth rates of the juvenile endemics through competition, but has smaller effects on adults.
• 4. Competition between juvenile endemic cichlids and the invader was asymmetric, with the exotic out‐competing the native, suggesting the potential for competitive exclusion if the invasion is not stopped.
• 5. These results suggest that exotic removal programmes in Cuatro Ciénegas should focus on removing/reducing populations of the exotic cichlid in habitats where juvenile native cichlids are concentrated.
• 6. This approach could help focus efforts to manage exotic species before populations of native species have crashed, when it is too late to intervene.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Age-specific expression of a P450 monooxygenase (CYP6CM1) correlates with neonicotinoid resistance in Bemisiatabaci     

Christopher M. Jones  Miriam Daniels  Melanie Andrews  Russell Slater  Robert J. Lind  Kevin Gorman  Martin S. Williamson  Ian Denholm 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(1):53-58

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Necrotic ulcerative spirochaetal stomatitis in outdoor pigs     

Millar M  Barlow A  Williamson S  Higgins R  Stevenson B 《The Veterinary record》2011,169(2):55

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First chemical synthesis and in vitro characterization of the potential human metabolites 5-o-feruloylquinic acid 4'-sulfate and 4'-O-glucuronide     

Menozzi-Smarrito C  Wong CC  Meinl W  Glatt H  Fumeaux R  Munari C  Robert F  Williamson G  Barron D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5671-5676

Feruloylquinic acids are a major class of biologically active phenolic antioxidants in coffee beans, but their metabolic fate is poorly understood. The present study investigated the phase II metabolism of feruloylquinic acids with selected human sulfotransferases (SULT1A1 and SULT1E1) and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A1 and UGT1A9). For unequivocal metabolite identification, the chemical synthesis of two potential human metabolites of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, the 4'-sulfated and 4'-O-glucuronidated conjugates, has been performed for the first time. Following incubation with human SULT1A1 or SULT1E1, formation of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid 4'-O-sulfate was confirmed by matching its HPLC and MS data with those of the authentic standard. On the other hand, no glucuronide conjugates were detected after incubation with human uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases. These results suggest that sulfation can take place on the ferulic acid moiety of feruloylquinic acids and may be a major metabolic pathway for feruloylquinic acids in humans.  相似文献   

Can a mesotrophic grassland community be restored on a post-industrial sandy site with compost made from waste materials?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susan Tandy  Hilary L. Wallace  Davey L. Jones  Mark A. Nason  Julie C. Williamson  John R. Healey 《Biological conservation》2011,(1):500-510

Restoration of sites degraded by industry to species-rich semi-natural vegetation communities is difficult; it usually involves the addition of soil ameliorants but excessive fertility may favour dominance by competitive species. In a field-experiment we tested the establishment of a biodiverse mesotrophic grassland community using different compost types (comprising of mixtures of waste materials), application rates and seeding (with species in the target community). Compost addition to the alkaline sandy substrate increased soil organic matter, nutrient content and water holding capacity (WHC), whilst decreasing pH. Over the first two growing seasons compost addition, (especially at a higher rate) increased total vegetation cover (from <20% to a maximum of 67%), although the cover of the target community remained below 20%. Seeding with target species greatly increased their establishment on compost-treated plots, demonstrating its value for restoration of mesotrophic grassland communities in such sites lacking a local seed source. Five soil properties accounted for 46% of the variation in target species density: negative correlations with soil pH and %N, and positive correlations with electrical conductivity (EC), %C, and WHC. For this mesotrophic grassland community, high EC and WHC and low pH were most important for forb species and high %C for grasses. Overall, %C was the soil property that best explained variation in the early restoration success of different compost types and application rates; pH and EC were also correlated with the rate of vegetation establishment and available-P was linked to plant community composition. While a longer time period is needed to judge the sustainability of the outcome, this demonstrates the potential to refine compost properties for restoration of biodiversity.  相似文献