Induction of GST and NQO1 in cultured bladder cells and in the urinary bladders of rats by an extract of broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) sprouts   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhang Y  Munday R  Jobson HE  Munday CM  Lister C  Wilson P  Fahey JW  Mhawech-Fauceglia P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(25):9370-9376

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Influence of metoclopramide on gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs     

Wilson DV  Evans AT  Mauer WA 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(1):26-31

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 doses of metoclopramide on the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in anesthetized dogs. ANIMALS: 52 healthy dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. PROCEDURE: In this prospective clinical study, dogs were evaluated before and during orthopedic surgery. The anesthetic protocol used was standardized to include administration of acepromazine, morphine, thiopental, and isoflurane. Dogs were randomly selected to receive an infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, a low dose of metoclopramide, or a high dose of metoclopramide before and during anesthesia. Treatment groups were similar with respect to age, body weight, duration of food withholding before surgery, duration of surgery, and dose of thiopental administered. Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency during surgery. A sensor-tipped catheter was inserted to measure esophageal pH during anesthesia. We defined GER as a decrease in esophageal pH to < 4 or an increase to > 7.5 that lasted more than 30 seconds. RESULTS: The high dose of metoclopramide (bolus loading dose of 1.0 mg/kg, IV, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 1.0 mg/kg/h) was associated with a 54% reduction in relative risk of developing GER. The low dose did not significantly affect the incidence of GER. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of metoclopramide by bolus and constant rate infusion at doses much higher than commonly used will reduce the incidence but not totally prevent GER in anesthetized dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of cytokine gene expression in cerebrospinal fluid of horses without neurologic signs or with selected neurologic disorders     

Pusterla N  Wilson WD  Conrad PA  Mapes S  Leutenegger CM 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(8):1433-1437

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Data-loggers carried on a harness do not adversely affect sheep locomotion     

Hobbs-Chell H  King AJ  Sharratt H  Haddadi H  Rudiger SR  Hailes S  Morton AJ  Wilson AM 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):549-552

The use of externally fitted motion sensors to animal subjects has the potential for allowing researchers to investigate subtle changes in animal movement that may occur with the onset of specific diseases. However, it is crucial to consider whether or not the use of such technology has an effect on the variables measured. Here, we examine the effect of a body harness data logging device on the locomotive patterns of female Merino sheep, Ovis aries. We extracted locomotion variables typical of motion sensor data (stride frequency, stride length, gait type, speed, and limb velocity) from high-definition video collected under controlled conditions. We found no significant difference between the variables measured in the harnessed and unharnessed conditions. Overall, our experiment demonstrates that data-loggers carried on a harness do not adversely affect sheep locomotion, and extended periods of habituation post-instalment of devices should ensure consistency and accuracy of data in future experiments.  相似文献   

Interferon-gamma and B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) promote bovine B cell activation independent of TLR9 and T-cell signaling     

Buchanan R  Popowych Y  Dagenais C  Arsic N  Mutwiri GK  Potter AA  Babiuk LA  Griebel PJ  Wilson HL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):453-463

We previously reported that CD21(+) B cells purified from bovine blood do not respond to CpG-ODN stimulation unless either CD14(+) monocytes or B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF), a cytokine produced by activated monocytes, are present. In this report, we present evidence that CD14(+) monocytes are critical for CpG-specific lymphocyte proliferation within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population but that this response is not mediated by soluble factors produced by CpG-activated monocytes. We further determine that bovine monocytes stimulated with IFN-γ induce expression of the BAFF gene and that recombinant IFN-γ and BAFF induced robust B cell activation when cultured in the absence of CpG ODN. These data suggest that CpG-stimulated monocytes may indirectly promote B cell activation by promoting release of cytokines and/or other soluble factors from accessory cells which in turn act on CpG-stimulated B cells to promote antigen-independent and T cell independent B cell activation. Understanding the T cell independent signals that induce B cell activation has important implications for understanding B cell development in locations where T cells are limited and in understanding polyclonal B cell activation that may contribute to autoimmune diseases.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine after intravenous administration to cows     

Cox S  Wilson J  Doherty T 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2012,35(3):305-308

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Tropical dry forest succession and the contribution of lianas to wood area index (WAI)     

G. Arturo Sánchez-Azofeifa  Margaret Kalácska  Mario Marcos do Espírito-Santo  G. Wilson Fernandes  Stefan Schnitzer 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

The transmission and interception of light through the canopy is an important indicator of forest productivity in tropical forest ecosystems, and the amount of light that eventually reaches the forest floor is influenced by its interactions with leaves, branches, fruits, and flowers among many different canopy elements. While most studies of forest canopy light interception focus on leaf area index (LAI), very few studies have examined wood area index (WAI), which may account for a substantial component of light interception in tropical forests. The influence of lianas on the interception of light and their overall contribution to WAI is a potentially important factor, but it is generally overlooked because of its difficulty to assess. In this paper we evaluate the relative contribution that lianas have to the overall WAI and canopy openness as function of successional stage via a latitudinal comparison of sites across the Americas (Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil). Our results suggest that lianas significantly increase WAI and decreases canopy openness. However, lianas were absent at all of our study sites where canopy openness exceeded 60%. Our data are the first to explicitly document the role of lianas in the estimation of WAI and, overall, they will contribute to better estimations of ecosystem level LAI in tropical environments, where there is a lack of data on WAI.  相似文献   

Sources of within- and between-stand variability in specific leaf area of three ecologically distinct conifer species     

Aaron R. Weiskittel  Hailemariam Temesgen  Duncan S. Wilson  Douglas A. Maguire 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(1):103-103

Specific leaf area (SLA) is an important ecophysiological variable, but its variability within and between stands has rarely been simultaneously examined and modeled across multiple species. Extensive datasets on SLA in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), hybrid spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) were used to estimate variability of SLA within a canopy and its relationship to tree- and stand-level covariates, and to predict SLA at various locations in tree crowns. Also, in the case of hybrid spruce, variation in SLA due to different relative horizontal lengths from the bole was examined. In all species, SLA systematically increased from tree tip to crown base and decreased with foliage age class. Cardinal direction did not have a highly significant influence in either Douglas-fir or hybrid spruce, but SLA did significantly decrease from branch tip to bole in hybrid spruce. Tree- and stand-level (e.g. density, site index) factors had relatively little influence on SLA, but stand age did have a significant positive influence. For ponderosa pine, a significant relationship between canopy mean current-year SLA and carbon isotope discrimination was also found, suggesting the importance of water stress in this species. An equation was fitted to estimate SLA at various points in the canopy for each species and foliage age class using absolute height in the canopy, relative vertical height in the tree, and stand age.  相似文献   

Energy requirements for transport and surface application of liquid pig manure in Manitoba,Canada     

M.J. Wiens  M.H. Entz  C. Wilson  K.H. Ominski 《Agricultural Systems》2008

The objective of this study was to conduct a thorough accounting of energy used to transport liquid pig manure from farm storage to the field and to surface-apply the manure. Energy consumption was determined using both energy data from the literature plus data from field-scale research. Energy consumption was compared between two manure application systems (the drag hose and the slurry wagon systems) and two application timing treatments (single vs. twice-annual manure application). The single annual application of liquid pig manure applied at 81.5 m³ ha⁻¹ and transported 1.8 km from storage to field consumed 2180 MJ ha⁻¹ with the drag hose system and 2185 MJ ha⁻¹ with the slurry wagon system. The twice-annual manure application regime used 2726 and 2209 MJ ha⁻¹ for the drag hose and slurry wagon systems, respectively. When energy use was calculated on the basis of MJ per kg of available N, liquid pig manure applied once annually with the slurry wagon system provided N at 17.76 MJ kg⁻¹ of available N, which was 33% of the energy cost of N from anhydrous ammonia and 23% of the energy cost of N from urea. Manure transport distance could be increased to 8.4 km before the energy cost per kg of available N from pig manure was equivalent to anhydrous ammonia, and up to 12.3 km before the energy cost of manure N was equivalent to urea N. Despite the high energy cost to deliver liquid pig manure from storage to field, the much lower cost per kg of available N compared to inorganic fertilizer N highlights the opportunities that exist for improving the energy efficiency of industrial agriculture by replacing inorganic fertilizers with manure.  相似文献   

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Novel Salt-Tolerant Rice Germplasms from the Philippines and Bangladesh     

Wilson F.AALA Jr  Glenn B.GREGORIO 《水稻科学》2019,26(3):178-188

To screen for new sources of salinity tolerance, 688 traditional rice varieties from the Philippines and Bangladesh were obtained, and their tolerance to hypersaline conditions at the seedling stage was examined. A total of 29 Philippine lines and 15 Bangladeshi lines were scored as salt-tolerant.Morphological assessment(plant height, biomass and Na-K ratio) revealed that among the 44 salt-tolerant accessions, Casibon, Kalagnon and Ikogan had significantly higher relative shoot length difference, relative shoot growth reduction and shoot Na-K ratio than the tolerant check FL478.Additionally, AC and Akundo exhibited significantly higher Na-K ratios than the other genotypes. The genetic diversity of the 44 genotypes was assessed using 34 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 133 alleles were detected across all loci. Cluster analysis showed that AC, Akundo and Kuplod were clustered along with FL478, indicating a strong genetic relatedness between these genotypes. IR29(susceptible check) was singly separated. The haplotype analysis revealed that none of the 44 genotypes had a similar allele combination as FL478. These accessions are of interest since each genotype might be different from the classical salinity-tolerant Pokkali.  相似文献