Über die unterschiedliche Reaktion der Chromosomen des Sproß-und Wurzelmeristems von Gerste gegenüber mutagener Behandlung     

Gottfried Künzel  Mirosław Małuszyński 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1966,14(1):83-96

Zusammenfassung Nach Einwirkung von Nitrosomethylharnstoff (NMH) auf Gerstenkaryopsen wurden die Prozentsätze geschädigter Zellen mit Chromosomenaberrationen in der mittleren Anaphase bis frühen Telophase für Wurzel- und Sproßmeristem im 1. Mitosezyklus der Keimung ermittelt. Eine geringfügig stärkere Wirkung auf das Wurzelmeristem ist nicht signifikant.Eine Vorbehandlung mit Äthylendiaminotetraessigsäure (ÄDTE) sensibilisierte die Chromosomen gegenüber der radiomimetischen Wirkung von NMH in beiden Meristemen. Der durch ÄDTE verursachte Sensibilisierungseffekt betraf das Wurzelmeristem in signifikant stärkerem Maße als das Sproßmeristem.Unterschiede in der Permeabilität und im Mitoserhythmus zwischen Sproß-und Wurzelmeristem konnten als mögliche Ursachen der beobachteten Differenzen ausgeschlossen werden. Es wird vermutet, daß die ermittelten Differenzen in kausalem Zusammenhang mit stoffwechselphysiologischen Verschiedenheiten zwischen beiden Meristemen stehen.Die Befunde zeigen, daß im Wurzelmeristem ermittelte Chromosomenaberrationsfrequenzen nicht ohne weiteres auf das Sproßmeristem übertragen werden dürfen, wie das vielfach geschieht.

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Summary The percentages of damaged cells with chromosomal bridges or fragments in the middle ana- to early telophase were determined in barley seeds treated with nitrosomethylurea (NU), after various recovery times in the first mitotic cycle, both for shoot and root meristems. A slightly higher effect in the root meristem is not significant.Pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sensitized the chromosomes against the radiomimetic effects of NU in both meristems. This EDTA-dependent sensitization affected the root meristem to a significantly greater extent than the shoot meristem.Differences in permeability or in duration of mitosis could be excluded as a possible cause for the observed differences. It appears probable that the found differences are caused by specific metabolic features of both meristems.These findings indicate that one cannot infer, as sometimes done, the situation in the shoot meristem directly from the known frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in the root.

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scanning electron microscopy of lingual papillae in the common shrew, Sorex araneus, L     

Jackowiak H  Godynicki S  Jaroszewska M  Wilczyńska B 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2004,33(5):290-293

The dorsal surface of the tongue of the adult common shrew (Sorex araneus L.) was examined by scanning electron microscopy. As in the other insectivores, three types of lingual papillae were observed: filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae. The filiform papillae represented the most numerous type of lingual papillae. The characteristic feature of the filiform papillae, covering the apex and corpus of the tongue, is the two processes tilted to the root of the tongue. The filiform papillae on the lingual apex are reduced in size and structure. Five to six fungiform papillae are placed symmetrically along the left and right border of the corpus of the tongue. Two large oval vallate papillae are located on the radix of the tongue. The posterior surface of the tongue in common shrew is covered with a smooth mucosa with the openings of the serous glands.  相似文献   

Effect of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on the myoelectric activity of the duodenum in weaned pigs     

Yao G  Woliński J  Zabielski R 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(3):106-112

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of subclinical doses of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) on the antro-duodenal myoelectric activities of weaned pigs. Twelve weaned pigs were surgically implanted with three pairs of electrodes on the antrum 3 cm before the pylorus, 5 and 20 cm after the pylorus on the duodenum, respectively. An infusion cannula was inserted into the duodenum between duodenal electrodes. Using a wireless telemetry recording system, an electromyography (EMG) tracing lasting at least 24 h was recorded as the control, then another 24-h EMG recording was performed with a bolus intraduodenal infusion of LT (0.1 and 0.5 microg/kg b.w.). After a 1- to 2-day break, a 5-fold higher dose of LT was administered using the same protocol. In the antrum, LT administration barely modified the EMG signal. However, in the duodenum it prolonged the duration of phase II and the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) cycle when compared with the control. The number of duodenal MMC cycles was also significantly diminished. Moreover, the migrating velocity of phase III was increased. The migrating action potential complex (MAPC) was present both without and with LT, but occurred more frequently following LT administration. In conclusion, LT caused a dose-dependent, lagged alteration in the duodenal MMC in weaned pigs, involving a reduction of the MMC number by lengthening phase II, increased phase III migration velocity, and increased MAPC frequency. The disturbances did not, however, result in diarrhoea and may reflect the induction of a local protection mechanism of the gut to expel unwanted foreign content from the lumen of the upper gut.  相似文献   

Oxidative stress parameters in bitches with mammary gland tumours     

Szczubiał M  Kankofer M  Łopuszyński W  Dabrowski R  Lipko J 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(7-8):336-340

The aim of the present study was to describe some of the oxidative stress parameters in bitches suffering from spontaneously occurring mammary gland tumours. The experiment involved 28 bitches which had mammary gland tumours removed surgically (15 bitches with malignant tumour and 13 with benign tumour) as well as 10 clinically healthy bitches. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in haemolysates of erythrocytes derived from the animals. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as -SH groups, were determined in blood plasma. GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the malignant tumour group than in healthy animals. SOD activity was significantly higher in animals with tumours compared with the control group. Activities of both enzymes were higher in animals with malignant tumours than in benign groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The concentrations of TBARS and -SH groups were similar in all examined groups. The increase of antioxidative enzyme activities in these animals may suggest the activation of antioxidative defence mechanisms in mammary gland carcinogenesis. Moreover, it might indicate the participation of oxidative stress in malignancies. Further experiments involving more animals, with more frequent sample collection and the use of other oxidative stress markers are necessary.  相似文献   

Modification of zearalenone structure in model and natural conditions     

Góra M  Luczyński MK  Smoczyński L  Obremski K  Polak M  Swist M  Zielonka L  Gajecki M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2004,7(3):181-185

Zearalenone is a mycotoxin widely occurring in cereals and animal feed, and it is associated with hyperestrogenism and other reprodutive disorders in animals. A new method of detoxication of feedstuffs involves alkaline hydrolysis of toxic macrolactone (1) (as well as model compounds (2a, 2b)). The method caused modification of zearalenone structure under mild conditions and the toxin underwent irreversible hydrolysis with high efficiency.  相似文献   

The clinical course of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) field case in hens and estimation of immunoprophylaxis efficiency     

Wieliczko A  Mazurkiewicz M  Piasecki T  Kuszczyński T 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2004,7(2):143-147

The ILT case was observed in laying hen farm where birds of different age (from 40 to 107 weeks) were kept in 10 flocks. A rapid spread of the disease, the decrease in egg production (in flock No. 1 it reached 58%) and higher mortality (the highest in 76 and 77 week-old birds, accounting for 0.11% and 0.36%, respectively ) was recorded during first 2 weeks of disease. Antibodies against ILT virus were detected in serum of the examined birds during the whole observation period (50 weeks after the disease outbreak). The laying hens were vaccinated at 8 weeks of age and boosted after 5 weeks. The vaccine was applied in drinking water, in a dose twice as high as usually recommended per one bird. Immunopropylaxis efficiency was estimated on the basis of immunological response in birds (serum samples, ILT ELISA kit, Guildhay Ltd.) and general health status of hens in flocks. Postvaccinal immunity, the presence of specific antibodies against ILT, was observed in all birds during the observation period (51 weeks). During that time GMT value ranged from 8261,3 (week 10) to 5196 (week 51) after the second vaccination, and CV amounted in this period to 41.1% and 51%, respectively. Subsequently, clinical symptoms of the disease disappeared and the egg production, as well as mortality, returned to the level of technological norms for laying hens.  相似文献   

Preliminary results of monitoring research on zearalenone presence in blood of women with neoplastic lesions in reproductive system     

Gajecki M  Przybyłowicz M  Zielonka L  Zwierzchowski W  Obremski K  Skorska-Wyszyńska E  Gajecka M  Polak M  Jakimiuk E 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2004,7(2):153-156

The aim of the monitoring of zearalenone presence in the blood plasma of women with neoplastic lesions in the reproductive tract was to asses whether the phytosteride is noted in the patients blood and whether the correlation exists between its presence and the incidence of particular neoplasm. The presence of zearalenone or its metabolite--alpha-zearalenole, was noted in 13.51% of the examined women. In 60% of the patients with the confirmed presence of the xenobiotic it was noted in the lowest concentrations. These patients had neoplastic lesions of Carcinoma corpus uteri type.  相似文献   

The impact of zearalenone on the level of the selected estrogens in blood serum of sexually immature gilts     

Zwierzchowski W  Obremski K  Zielonka Ł  Skorska-Wyszyńska E  Gajecka M  Jakimiuk E  Polak M  Jana B  Rybarczyk L  Gajecki M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2006,9(4):247-252

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of low dose (LOEL - lowest observed effect level) of zearalenone (200 microg/kg b.w.), applied per os for 7 days (short-term intoxication), on sexual behavior, concentration of the examined xenobiotic and its metabolite and selected estrogens in sexually immature gilts: ovariohysterectomised (group D1) and intact (group D2) animals. Clinical signs of oestrus (reddening, oedema and hyperaemia of the vulva and serorhoea from the reproductive tract--lack of standing reflex) were obserwed in group D1 on day 6 and in group D2 on day 4 of the experiment. Laboratory analyses of blood plasma were carried out determine the presence of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenole. They revealed an increase in the level of alpha-zearalenol before the oestrus, decrease in total amount of both examined substances on day when the oestrus appeared and increase in the level of both examined xenobiotics in the post oestrus period together with the higher share of zearalenone. Medium concentrations of estrone and estradiol within the borders of method determination in the majority of periods examined. Higher levels of estrone (32.0 pg/ml) were found on day 4, in the group D2 and estradiol (6.5 pg/ml) on day 6 in the D2 group. The presents study revealed that zearalenone applied per os at LOEL dose causes the incidence of apparent sexual readiness (without standing reflex) in sexually immature gilts with the somatically immature reproductive system.  相似文献   

Yeasts and algae isolated from cows with mastitis in the south-eastern part of Poland     

Krukowski H  Lisowski A  Rózański P  Skórka A 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2006,9(3):181-184

The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of mycotic and protohecal mastitis in herds in south-eastern part of Poland. A total of 3091 milk samples from udder quarters with clinical and subclinical mastitis from 29 dairy herds was investigated in this survey. Milk samples were plated as soon as possible on blood agar (BA), Mac Conkey agar, aesculin-tallium acetate-crystal violet agar, and Sabouraud agar. A hundred and thirty one yeast (4.23%) and eleven Protoheca zopfii (0.35%) strains were isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. All the isolated fungi were the yeast classified into 4 genera (Candida, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Rhodotorula). The most frequently isolated yeasts were Candida sp., C. kefyr, C. humicola, C. rugosa and C. inconspicua. Both fungi and algae were isolated first of all during a confinement-housing season.  相似文献   

Contents of selected heavy metals in the liver, kidneys and abdominal muscle of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) in Central Pomerania, Poland     

Mysłek P  Kalisińska E 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2006,9(1):31-41

The content of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, lead, and cadmium was determined in the kidney, liver, and abdominal muscle of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus), a species known for its bioindicative potential in environmental quality assessment. The animals assayed were divided into immature (in their first year of life; n=25) and adult (n=39). The hares were acquired in an area situated far away from major cities and direct impacts of industrial and transport pollution. The zinc content found in the assayed hare's muscles (25.9 microg/g w.w.) and that of manganese in the kidneys, liver, and muscles (2, 2.51 i 0.85 microg/g w.w., respectively) tended to be higher than those reported from the brown hare elsewhere in Europe. The content of cadmium (particularly in the kidneys) and lead proved substantial and close to those typical of the hare inhabiting industry-affected areas. Analysis of the data pooled for all the individuals showed Zn and Cd contents to increase with age in the kidneys, the liver Cd content increasing with age as well; on the other hand, the age-Cu content was negative. In addition, a number of significant correlations between the metals themselves were revealed, particularly with respect to Zn-Cd correlation in kidneys (r(s)=0.47), Fe-Cd, Zn-Cu, Mn-Zn, Mn-Cu, and Mn-Pb in the liver (r(s) of 0.42, 0.86, 0.72, 0.79, and 0.42, respectively), and Zn-Cu in the muscle (r(s)=0.56). The kidney cadmium content was higher by 81% in the adult than in the immature hare, the adult hare muscle copper content being lower by 15.5%.  相似文献