Locating the two black holes in NGC 6240     

Max CE  Canalizo G  de Vries WH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5833):1877-1880

Mergers play an important role in galaxy evolution and are key to understanding the correlation between central-black hole mass and host-galaxy properties. We used the new technology of adaptive optics at the Keck II telescope to observe NGC 6240, a merger between two disk galaxies. Our high-resolution near-infrared images, combined with radio and x-ray positions, revealed the location and environment of two central supermassive black holes. Each is at the center of a rotating stellar disk, surrounded by a cloud of young star clusters. The brightest of these young clusters lie in the plane of each disk, but surprisingly are seen only on the disks' receding side.  相似文献   

Stocktake study of current fertilisation recommendations across Europe and discussion towards a more harmonised approach     

Suzanne Higgins  Saskia D. Keesstra  Žydrė Kadziuliene  Lionel Jordan-Meille  David Wall  Alessandra Trinchera  Heide Spiegel  Taru Sandén  Andreas Baumgarten  Johannes L. Jensen  Juliane Hirte  Frank Liebisch  Susanne Klages  Philipp Löw  Katrin Kuka  Maarten De Boever  Karoline D'Haene  Sevinc Madenoglu  Hesna Özcan  Wieke Vervuurt  Janjo de Haan  Willem van Geel  Bo Stenberg  Pascal Denoroy  Rok Mihelič  Alar Astover  Raquel Mano  Cristina Sempiterno  Fatima Calouro  Giuseppe Valboa  Helena Aronsson  Tore Krogstad  Stanislav Torma  Jose Gabriel  Peter Laszlo  Nils Borchard  Bartosz Adamczyk  Anna Jacobs  Beata Jurga  Bożena Smreczak  Bruno Huyghebaert  Morgan Abras  Raimonds Kasparinskis  Eloise Mason  Claire Chenu 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13422

The European Commission has set targets for a reduction in nutrient losses by at least 50% and a reduction in fertiliser use by at least 20% by 2030 while ensuring no deterioration in soil fertility. Within the mandate of the European Joint Programme EJP Soil ‘Towards climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soils’, the objective of this study was to assess current fertilisation practices across Europe and discuss the potential for harmonisation of fertilisation methodologies as a strategy to reduce nutrient loss and overall fertiliser use. A stocktake study of current methods of delivering fertilisation advice took place across 23 European countries. The stocktake was in the form of a questionnaire, comprising 46 questions. Information was gathered on a large range of factors, including soil analysis methods, along with soil, crop and climatic factors taken into consideration within fertilisation calculations. The questionnaire was completed by experts, who are involved in compiling fertilisation recommendations within their country. Substantial differences exist in the content, format and delivery of fertilisation guidelines across Europe. The barriers, constraints and potential benefits of a harmonised approach to fertilisation across Europe are discussed. The general consensus from all participating countries was that harmonisation of fertilisation guidelines should be increased, but it was unclear in what format this could be achieved. Shared learning in the delivery and format of fertilisation guidelines and mechanisms to adhere to environmental legislation were viewed as being beneficial. However, it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to harmonise all soil test data and fertilisation methodologies at EU level due to diverse soil types and agro-ecosystem influences. Nevertheless, increased future collaboration, especially between neighbouring countries within the same environmental zone, was seen as potentially very beneficial. This study is unique in providing current detail on fertilisation practices across European countries in a side-by-side comparison. The gathered data can provide a baseline for the development of scientifically based EU policy targets for nutrient loss and soil fertility evaluation.  相似文献   

Safety evaluation of combination doxorubicin and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in tumour bearing dogs: a phase I dose‐finding study          下载免费PDF全文

M. A. Pellin  R. M. Wouda  K. Robinson  K. Tsimbas  I. D. Kurzman  B. J. Biller  D. M. Vail 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(3):919-931

Combination chemotherapy holds promise for improving outcomes in malignancy when compared with single‐agent approaches. Care must be taken to avoid overlapping toxicity and to utilize agents with differing mechanisms of action. A phase I dose‐finding trial was performed to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of a concurrent toceranib and doxorubicin (DOX) combination protocol where toceranib dose was maintained at or near 2.75 mg kg^?1 by mouth every other day (PO EOD) while escalating DOX dosage. The dose‐limiting toxicity was found to be neutropenia and the MTD of the combination was determined to be 25 mg m^?2 of DOX q 21 days given concurrently with toceranib 2.75 mg kg^?1 PO EOD. This combination was well tolerated with no excessive gastrointestinal toxicity nor novel adverse events (AEs) noted. Anti‐tumour activity was observed in the majority of cases. This combination warrants further investigation in the context of phase II/III clinical trials to characterize efficacy and long‐term AE profiles.  相似文献