日粮钙或磷缺乏对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及胫骨组织结构的影响     

王传龙  邢冠中  邵玉新  张丽阳  吕林  李素芬  廖秀冬  罗绪刚 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(12):3520-3529

试验在前期研究日粮钙（Ca）或磷（P）缺乏对1~21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及胫骨组织结构影响的基础上,进一步研究其对22~42日龄肉仔鸡上述指标的影响。采用2（钙水平：0.90%和0.30%）×2（非植酸磷（NPP）水平：0.35%和0.18%）两因子完全随机试验设计,选取504只1日龄爱拔益加肉公雏随机分为4组,饲养至22日龄时给与不同日粮处理：正常对照组（0.90%钙+0.35%非植酸磷）、磷缺乏组（0.90%钙+0.18%非植酸磷）、钙缺乏组（0.30%钙+0.35%非植酸磷）及钙和磷同时缺乏组（0.30%钙+0.18%非植酸磷）,每个处理7个重复,测定22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及28和42日龄胫骨组织结构。结果表明：与正常对照组相比,日粮钙或磷缺乏显著降低了肉仔鸡平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和胫骨长度（P<0.05）,而显著增加了肉仔鸡料重比（F/G）和胫骨生长板增生区长度（P<0.05）;磷缺乏组肉仔鸡的22~28日龄平均日采食量和平均日增重与28日龄胫骨长度显著低于钙缺乏组及钙和磷同时缺乏组（P<0.05）;磷缺乏组肉仔鸡的22~28日龄死亡率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）,该处理组肉仔鸡于28日龄时全部死亡;低钙水平显著增加了28日龄肉仔鸡胫骨生长板增生区长度（P<0.05）,而低磷水平显著降低了28日龄肉仔鸡胫骨生长板增生区长度（P<0.05）。综上所述,22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及胫骨组织结构对日粮磷缺乏最为敏感,其次为钙缺乏或钙和磷同时缺乏;低钙水平可增加肉仔鸡胫骨生长板增生区长度而低磷水平则相反。  相似文献   

Occurrence of reproductive disorders in pig herds with and without Chlamydia suis infection – statistical analysis of breeding parameters          下载免费PDF全文

Krzysztof Rypuła  Aleksandra Kumala  Katarzyna Płoneczka‐Janeczko  Paweł Lis  Ewa Karuga‐Kuźniewska  Krzysztof Dudek  Ireneusz Całkosiński  Patrycja Kuźnik  Paweł Chorbiński 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(5):817-824

Chlamydiae are frequently encountered Gram‐negative intracellular eubacteria that can cause clear manifestations or clinically asymptomatic disorders. C. suis and other chlamydia are primarily isolated in cases of reproductive disorders. This study was performed to estimate the impact of Chlamydia suis infection on reproduction in sows by analyzing reproduction rates and breeding parameters. The test was conducted on first generation (F1) pigs from Polish Landrace (PL) × Polish Large White (PLW). Sixty‐four herds were investigated and 500 vaginal swabs were collected. Isolation of DNA was carried out directly from the swabs. All samples were analyzed for Chlamydia suis by real‐time PCR with a locked nucleic acid (LNA)‐containing probe. To analyze the impact of chlamydia infection on reproductive parameters, evaluation questionnaires were used. Reproductive problems were found in 77.3% of the farms tested. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that in the farms with 10 up to 120 sows, there were higher reproductive problems with chlamydia infection than in smaller and bigger pig farms. The most common problems were estrus repetition, which was reported by 57.81% of the surveyed farms, and the birth of dead piglets, which was reported by 31.25% of the investigated pig farms. Abortions, which were reported by 28.12% of the surveyed farms, were the least common reproductive disorders.  相似文献   

Residual plant nutrients in crop residues – an important resource     

Stanislav Torma  Jozef Vilček  Stanislav Kužel  Anna Martensson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(4):358-366

With increasing demand for sustainable production, the need to effectively utilise site-based resources increases. One such resource is the remaining crop residues, both above and below ground, after harvest. In order to assess the magnitude of this resource, this study determined the plant nutrient contribution of residues from 17 different crops in seven different regions of Slovakia over a nine-year period. The soil profile 0.0–0.3?m was taken into account at belowground residues sampling. The results showed that winter rape, mustard, corn maize, triticale, winter rye with straw and sunflower left the most residues, exceeding 8 tons of dry biomass per hectare. Root crops (sugar beet, potatoes) and peas left less than 3 tons of residual dry biomass per hectare. Using these data, the nutrient potential coefficient, i.e. the amount of nutrients left by production of one ton of the main product was calculated by polynomial regression. With these coefficients and the known yield of a given crop, it was possible to calculate how much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each crop leaves in the soil after harvest. It was found that the amount of nitrogen left ranged from 20 to 132?kg, phosphorus from 2 to 24?kg and potassium from 13 to 218?kg per hectare. This has to be taken into account when calculating the fertiliser requirement of the subsequent crop in order to achieve better resource utilisation, thereby reducing the risk of eutrophication and improving farm profits by reducing expenditure on fertiliser.  相似文献   

Biological Activity of Autochthonic Bacterial Community in Oil-Contaminated Soil     

Agnieszka Wolińska  Agnieszka Kuźniar  Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna  Natalia Jastrzębska  Eliza Roguska  Zofia Stępniewska 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(5):130

  相似文献   

Effects of Silver on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Isopropanol     

Ma  Chih-Ming  Ku  Young  Kuo  Yu-Lin  Chou  Yiang-Chen  Jeng  Fu-Tien 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,197(1-4):313-321

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The decomposition of gaseous isopropanol (IPA) by UV/TiO2 process in an annular photoreactor was studied under various conditions such as UV light intensity and...  相似文献   

Modified complementation test of male sterility mutants in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): preliminary study to convert male sterility system from GMS to CMS     

Mulyantoro  Shu-Yun Chen  Andi Wahyono  Hsin-Mei Ku 《Euphytica》2009,169(3):353-361

The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding. Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general restorer for both CMS and GMS systems.  相似文献   

Ultrasound evaluation of the gonadal structure in sex-reversed rainbow trout females     

Piotr Hliwa  Mamadou Bah  Henryk Kuźmiński  Stefan Dobosz  Andrzej Ciereszko 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):89-96

Ultrasound approach has been used to assess morphology of the gonadal structure in the sex-reversed rainbow trout females (neomales) provided in the course of 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione treatment applied within gonadal differentiation period. Eighteen matured individuals (in range 38.0–48.6 cm of body length and 802–1644 g of body weight) were scanned using digital ultrasound apparatus (DP-6900 model) Mindray Ltd., during the spawning season. After screening, fishes were killed to validate the morphological configuration and position of the gonads in the body cavity. The favorable place for cross-sectional imaging of gonadal lobes was half of the distance between the pectoral and pelvic fins below lateral line of neomales. Most of the examined specimens (61 %) had properly shaped, paired testis. Moreover, presence of individuals with asymmetrical gonads (33 %) and one bisexual fish was confirmed. There were no differences between total volume of sampled semen and sperm motility, but statistically significantly different in sperm concentration within selected (with symmetrical and asymmetrical testis) groups of neomales. It was confirmed that ultrasonic imaging is an efficient and accurate method to determine the state of gonads of mature sex-reversed rainbow trout females during spawning season and offers the opportunity for non-invasive detection of any morphological anomalies in their gonads.  相似文献   

基于激光雷达的巡检机器人导航系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

季宇寒  李寒  张漫  王琪  贾稼  王库 《农业机械学报》2018,49(2):14-21

智能巡检机器人能够高效、可靠地完成巡检任务,降低工作人员的劳动强度,准确、稳定的导航定位是巡检机器人执行巡检任务的基础。本文研究了基于激光雷达的巡检机器人导航系统,可实现机器人在室内外环境下的地图建立、路径规划和导航定位。导航系统由远程监控平台与巡检机器人组成,远程监控平台发布巡检任务、监控机器人状态、查询与存储检测数据,巡检机器人可实现自主导航定位、遍历检测点、执行数据采集等巡检任务,二者通过无线网络实现远程数据交互。融合激光雷达与编码器信息,使用高鲁棒性Gmapping算法建立二维环境地图。根据地图与检测点信息,采用分支界定算法搜索最优巡检路线,以减少巡检时间和能源消耗。使用自适应蒙特卡罗定位(AMCL)算法估计机器人位置和姿态,结合巡检路线,进行导航定位。根据横向偏差与航向偏差,通过经典的PID算法完成机器人驱动控制。机器人搭载可见光相机与红外相机,可对目标进行可见光通道与红外通道的融合图像检测。对巡检机器人进行了室内导航定位试验,试验结果表明,在1 m/s的速度下,位置与航向偏差的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别小于5 cm和1.1°,标准差(SD)分别小于5 cm和1.5°,能够满足巡检导航定位的要求。  相似文献   

Adsorption of metal and uranyl ions onto amidoximated Pinus densiflora bark     

Sung Phil Mun  Chang Sub Ku  Jae Phil Kim 《Wood Science and Technology》2010,44(2):283-299

Pine (Pinus densiflora) bark was chemically modified by grafting with acrylonitrile (AN) through Fenton reaction and conversion of the cyano group to an amidoxime group by reaction with hydroxylamine. Treatments of pine bark with 160 mM H₂O₂ at 40°C yielded ~70% grafting in 6-h reaction. After alkali hydrolysis of amidoximated pine bark (AOPB), its adsorption capacity (q _e) for copper ions was largely increased from 0.5 to 1.8 mmol/g. Adsorption of the hydrolyzed AOPB (HAOPB) followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Among the metal ions tested, the order of adsorption capacity (q _e) predicted by the kinetic model at equilibrium time was Hg²⁺ > UO₂ ²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺. The adsorption process was pH-dependent, and the adsorption equilibrium was observed in the pH range of 6–7 for all the metal ions. Even though pine bark is a good adsorbent for Hg²⁺ and UO₂ ²⁺ ions, it had a poor affinity for the other ions tested. It was obviously found that HAOPB had very high adsorption abilities for heavy metal and uranyl ions.  相似文献   

作物株型相关性状分子机理的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

库丽霞  张君  张伟强  吴连成  张少方  王平安  陈彦惠 《中国农学通报》2010,26(5):20-25

作物株型是通过对光合产物的形成和籽粒填充物的储藏的影响进而决定产量的综合农艺性状,而株高、分蘖数、分蘖夹角和叶夹角是其主要影响因素。对关于控制这些性状的分子机理进行了综述,分析了利用这些基因通过基因工程改良株型进一步提高单位面积产量的可行性。  相似文献