Livermore national lab: Settlement in bias case could unravel     

Bhattacharjee Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5719):177

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Outbreak of salmonellosis in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome     

Ha Y  Jung K  Kim J  Choi C  Chae C 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(18):583-584

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Clinical observations of Babesia gibsoni infection with low parasitaemia confirmed by PCR in dogs     

Inokuma H  Okuda M  Yoshizaki Y  Hiraoka H  Miyama T  Itamoto K  Une S  Nakaichi M  Taura Y 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(4):116-118

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Leptin expression in ruminants: nutritional and physiological regulations in relation with energy metabolism   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Chilliard Y  Delavaud C  Bonnet M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(1):3-22

Leptin, mainly produced in adipose tissue (AT), is a protein involved in the central and/or peripheral regulation of body homeostasis, energy intake, storage and expenditure, fertility and immune functions. Its role is well documented in rodent and human species, but less in ruminants. This review is focused on some intrinsic and extrinsic factors which regulate adipose tissue leptin gene expression and leptinemia in cattle, sheep, goat and camel: age, physiological status (particularly pregnancy and lactation) in interaction with long-term (adiposity) and short-term effects of feeding level, energy intake and balance, diet composition, specific nutrients and hormones (insulin, glucose and fatty acids), and seasonal non-dietary factors such as photoperiod. Body fatness strongly regulates leptin and its responses to other factors. For example, leptinemia is higher after underfeeding or during lactation in fat than in lean animals. Physiological status per se also modulates leptin expression, with lactation down-regulating leptinemia, even when energy balance (EB) is positive. These results suggest that leptin could be a link between nutritional history and physiological regulations, which integrates the animal's requirements (e.g., for a pregnancy-lactation cycle), predictable food availability (e.g., due to seasonal variations) and potential for survival (e.g., body fatness level). Reaching permissive leptin thresholds should be necessary for pubertal or postpartum reproductive activity. In addition to the understanding of leptin yield regulation, these data are helpful to understand the physiological significance of changes in leptin secretion and leptin effects, and how husbandry strategies could integrate the adaptative capacities of ruminant species to their environment.  相似文献   

Feeding-unrelated factors influencing the plasma leptin level in ruminants   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kulcsár M  Jánosi S  Lehtolainen T  Kátai L  Delavaud C  Balogh O  Chilliard Y  Pyörälä S  Rudas P  Huszenicza G 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(1):214-226

The triglyceride content of lipid depots associated with the current feeding level is the primary determinant of leptin gene expression and the circulating leptin level. In laboratory rodents and primates the plasma leptin is influenced also by the age, gender and physiological status (puberty, pregnancy, lactation, postpartum period), and by the health condition such as sepsis due to Gram-negative (GN) bacteria. Some pathologic conditions with intensive cytokine release evoke an increase in plasma leptin, which is thought to depress the subsequent feed intake. However, the effect of these secondary factors may be species-dependent, with still unknown clinical relevance in ruminants. In our ovine and bovine models plasma leptin increased after castration and dexamethasone treatment, decreased after experimental administration of synthetic androgens in castrated rams, but remained unchanged throughout the ovarian cycle and after ovariectomy. The circulating leptin level increased temporarily during synthetic progestin (fluorogestone) treatment in ewes, but similar changes were not seen in progesterone-supplemented ewes and norgestomet-treated cows. In a second trial on dairy cows we wanted to study whether elevated plasma leptin levels are induced by experimental endotoxin mastitis, or by natural outbreak of GN mastitis and puerperal metritis. Experimental endotoxin mastitis resulted in some-hour elevation in cortisol and insulin, with a simultaneous decrease in IGF-I and thyroid hormones. In the first 14 days of lactation GN mastitis induced the same endocrine alterations as the experimental endotoxin challenge, but in natural cases these changes varied within a wider range, and were more protracted and robust. Cows with puerperal metritis had more obvious catabolic changes in the early weeks of lactation, than their healthy counterparts. However, both mastitis and puerperal metritis failed to increase the circulating leptin level, showing that in cows the plasma leptin is not responsible for the anorexia associated with these inflammatory diseases.  相似文献   

Escherichia coli O4:NM associated with an outbreak of calf diarrhoea     

Wani SA  Bhat MA  Samanta I  Nishikawa Y  Buchh AS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(2):300-302

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Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical management of canine osteoarthritis: present and future perspectives     

Henrotin Y  Sanchez C  Balligand M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(1):113-123

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal diseases and causes of lameness in the dogs. The osteoarthritic disease process involves the entire synovial joint, encompassing the synovium, cartilage and underlying bone. Joint failure results from an abnormal mechanical strain causing damage to normal tissue or failure of pathologically impaired articular cartilage and bone under the influence of normal physiological strain or a combination of both. In both cases, the end point is cartilage loss and joint impairment. Osteoarthritic chondrocytes show an altered phenotype characterised by an excess production of catabolic factors, including metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. These factors constitute potential therapeutic targets and some new drugs and nutraceuticals have been proposed to promote the return to homeostasis. Until now, the therapeutic management of OA in dogs has been dominated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but some new compounds, including diacerhein, with potential structure-modifying effects, are already used to treat OA in humans and could be helpful to manage OA in the dog. In addition, novel nutraceuticals, such as avocado/soybean unsaponifiable substances, have shown symptomatic effects in knee OA in humans, and could offer an alternative to prevent OA progression. This paper provides an overview of recent discoveries in the pathophysiology and in the therapeutic management of osteoarthritis in dogs.  相似文献   

Two Xylella fastidiosa Genotypes Associated with Almond Leaf Scorch Disease on the Same Location in California     

Chen J  Groves R  Civerolo EL  Viveros M  Freeman M  Zheng Y 《Phytopathology》2005,95(6):708-714

ABSTRACT Almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) has recently reemerged in the San Joaquin Valley of California threatening almond production. ALSD is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, a nutritionally fastidious bacterium. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) of X. fastidiosa strains were identified to characterize the bacterial population in infected trees. Genotype-specific SNPs were used to design primers for multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays of early passage cultures. Two genotypically distinct types of X. fastidiosa strains, G-type and A-type, coexist simultaneously in the same infected almond orchard. This was substantiated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a different genetic locus, RST31-RST33, which has previously been used to identify and differentiate X. fastidiosa strains. Furthermore, unique bacterial colony morphology was consistently associated with the A-type X. fastidiosa strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mixed genotype infection of X. fastidiosa disease on the same location under natural environmental conditions. The concept of mixed genotype infection could affect the current epidemiological study based on the assumption that one genotype causes ALSD on one location and, therefore, the disease management strategy.  相似文献   

Rhabdias kongmongthaensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Polypedates leucomystax (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Thailand     

Kuzmin Y  Tkach VV  Vaughan JA 《Folia parasitologica》2005,52(4):339-342

Rhabdias kongmongthaensis sp. n. is described based on specimens found in the lungs of the tree frog Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. The new species is similar to two North-American species, Rhabdias ranae and R. americanus, by presence of two lateral pseudolabia, each with two inner submedian protuberances. R. kongmongthaensis differs from both species by relative length and shape of the tail, and by its distribution and host specificity. Presence of lateral pseudolabia distinguishes the new species from the geographically closest Rhabdias species as well as from those parasitizing other rhacophorid frogs.  相似文献   

Behavioural and physiological responses of three chicken breeds to pre-slaughter shackling and acute heat stress     

Debut M  Berri C  Arnould C  Guemené D  Santé-Lhoutellier V  Sellier N  Baéza E  Jehl N  Jégo Y  Beaumont C  Le Bihan-Duval E 《British poultry science》2005,46(5):527-535

1. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioural and physiological responses to hanging and acute heat stress in three different chicken breeds. Chicks were obtained from a slow-growing French 'Label Rouge' line (SGL), a fast-growing standard line (FGL) and a heavy line (HL). The SGL, FGL and HL birds were slaughtered at their respective market ages of 12, 6 and 6 weeks, in an attempt to achieve similar body weights. Before stunning, birds were either shackled by their legs on the moving line for 2 min (shackling stress: SH) or placed in a room at 35 degrees C and 60% of humidity for 3.5 h and then shackled for 2 min (acute heat stress plus shackling: H + SH) or subjected to minimal stress by shackling for 10 s before stunning (control group: C). 2. Bird physiological responses to the three pre-slaughter treatments were estimated by measuring blood corticosterone, glycaemia, creatine kinase activity, acid-base status and electrolyte concentration as well as lactate content and glycolytic potential in the breast (Pectoralis major) and thigh (Ilio tibialis) muscles. Behavioural responses to shackling stress were evaluated by measuring wing flapping duration, straightening up attempts and vocalisations. 3. Blood corticosterone was higher in SH and H+SH groups than in the C group, regardless of genotype. The struggling activity on the shackle line differed among chicken breeds. It was more intense and occurred more rapidly after hanging in the SGL birds than in both other breeds. Furthermore, SGL struggling activity was not affected by hanging duration while it increased with hanging duration in FGL and HL birds. 4. Wing flapping duration was negatively correlated with blood pH, bicarbonate concentration and positively correlated with breast muscle lactate content, indicating that struggling stimulated antemortem glycolysis activity in breast muscle. Acute heat stress affected blood Ca2+ and Na+ concentration and increased glycaemia and glycolytic potential of thigh muscle. 5. Both acute heat stress and shackling before slaughter were experienced as stressful events by all types of birds.  相似文献