Evaluation of carbon sources,gelling agents,growth hormones and additives for efficient callus induction and plant regeneration in Indian wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) genotypes using mature embryos     

Kapil Malik  Deepshikha Birla  Honey Yadav  Manish Sainger  Darshna Chaudhary  Pawan K. Jaiwal 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(3):185-192

Various factors affecting in vitro regeneration like different carbon sources, different gelling agents, and growth additives were assessed comprehensively for callus induction and plant regeneration for five Indian wheat cultivars using mature embryos as the explants for the first time. The tissue culture responses of cultivars WH-1105, HD-2967, and PBW-343 have not been reported earlier. Besides, the effect of different concentrations of the cytokinin, zeatin has also been optimized. Using the optimized factors, the efficiency of five different varieties, i.e., HD 2967, C 306, RAJ 3765, WH 1105, and PBW 343 was evaluated for regeneration. Modified MS basal medium containing dicamba reduced precocious germination of the embryo and induced embryogenic callus more efficiently. Removal of embryogenic calli from non-regenerable structures during early callus phase improved plant regeneration. These calli on zeatin (1.0 mgl^-1) and dicamba (0.1 mgl^-1) containing medium showed the highest regeneration frequency (98%) with a maximum of 8-9 shoots per calli. Maltose had the maximum callusing and regeneration percentage than other carbon sources. Various gelling agents did not have any significant difference on the regeneration. Of all the varieties, C-306 and HD-2967 were found to be more regenerative and can be used in transformation experiments.  相似文献   

Molecular identification of blast resistance genes in rice landraces from northeastern India     

A. Susan  M. K. Yadav  S. Kar  S. Aravindan  U. Ngangkham  S. Raghu  S. R. Prabhukarthikeyan  U. Keerthana  S. C. Mukherjee  J. L. Salam  T. Adak  A. Banerjee  P. C. Rath 《Plant pathology》2019,68(3):537-546

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases causing huge losses worldwide. In the present study, major blast resistance genes were investigated in landraces originating from northeastern India. Based on phenotypic evaluation, 288 landraces were classified into three distinct groups: resistant (75), moderately resistant (127) and susceptible (86). The genetic frequencies of the 18 major blast resistance genes were between 6.2% and 27.4%, with only two genotypes possessing a maximum of nine blast resistance genes. The cluster and population structure analysis grouped the landraces into two groups. Through principal coordinate analysis, the scatter plots partitioned the resistant and moderately resistant landraces into different groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed maximum (96%) diversity within populations and least (4%) diversity between populations. Association analysis identified six markers, CRG4_2, RM72, tk59-2, pi21_79-3, RM1233 and RM6648, that are significantly associated with blast disease and explained a phenotypic variance of 1.1–6.5%. The associated genes could be used in marker-assisted rice breeding programmes for gene pyramiding to develop rice varietal resistance against blast disease. The present study represents a valuable blast resistance genetic resource that could be used for identification of new R genes, donors for blast resistance, and genomic studies.  相似文献   

Volatile organic compounds produced by castor bean cake incorporated into the soil exhibit toxic activity against Meloidogyne incognita     

Luma A Pedroso  Vicente P Campos  Marcio P Pedroso  Aline F Barros  Eduardo S Freire  Franciely MP Resende 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):476-483

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Measurement of genetic dissimilarity in fieldpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.) genotypes using RAPD markers     

Vinod Kumar Yadav  Sandeep Kumar  Ravindra K. Panwar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1285-1289

The present investigation was carried out on fifteen germplasm lines of Pisum sativum L. were used for characterization using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. While 12 random primers were taken, out of them 11 primers gave amplification. These primers gave a total of 133 bands out of which 106 were polymorphic. Genetic similarities of the RAPD profiles were estimated by using Jaccard’s coefficient with NTSYSpc 2.0 software. The similarity index values ranged from 0.263 to 0.793 indicating the presence of enormous genetic diversity at molecular level. A dendrogram generated by cluster analysis divided fifteen fieldpea genotypes into two Groups A and B. Major Group A have five genotypes and major Group B have nine genotypes.  相似文献   

Development and characterization of a cell line TTCF from endangered mahseer Tor tor (Ham.)     

Yadav K  Lakra WS  Sharma J  Goswami M  Singh A 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(4):1035-1045

Tor tor is an important game and food fish of India with a distribution throughout Asia from the trans-Himalayan region to the Mekong River basin to Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia. A new cell line named TTCF was developed from the caudal fin of T. tor for the first time. The cell line was optimally maintained at 28°C in Leibovitz-15 (L-15) medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The propagation of TTCF cells showed a high plating efficiency of 63.00%. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid count of 100 chromosomes at passage 15, 30, 45 and 60 passages. The viability of the TTCF cell line was found to be 72% after 6 months of cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). The origin of the cell lines was confirmed by the amplification of 578- and 655-bp sequences of 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) respectively. TTCF cells were successfully transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmids. Further, immunocytochemistry studies confirm its fibroblastic morphology of cells. Genotoxicity assessment of H?O? in TTCF cell line revealed the utility of TTCF cell line as in vitro model for aquatic toxicological studies.  相似文献   

Inactivation of seed-treatment fungicides by Rhizobium     

Hans R. Kataria  Jaipal S. Yadav  Faquir C. Garg  Rajendra K. Grover 《Pest management science》1985,16(4):337-340

2-Methoxyethylmercury chloride (MEMC) applied to cowpea seeds with Rhizobium provided little or no control of seedling rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani; similar treatment, but without Rhizobium, gave >40% control of disease. Treating seeds with quintozene and then with Rhizobium rendered the fungicide completely ineffective against R. solani infections; disease control was >70% when seeds were treated with quintozene only, and >60% when seeds were coated first with Rhizobium and then with quintozene; treatment with quintozene+Rhizobium gave about 25% control. Simultaneous treatment with Rhizobium considerably reduced the efficacy of captafol, chloroneb, carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl. Disease control by carboxin, benomyl and thiabendazole remained unaltered in the presence of Rhizobium, but only thiabendazole gave good control. Seeds treated with MEMC and Rhizobium produced seedlings without root nodules; nodulation was also decreased by captafol and by carboxin but six other fungicides had no effect. The implications of Rhizobium-fungicides interactions are discussed in the context of fungicidal control of root diseases.  相似文献   

Hunting practices in northern Australia and their implication for disease transmission between community dogs and wild dogs     

V Gabriele‐Rivet  VJ Brookes  J Arsenault  MP Ward 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(8):268-276

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Effect of cattle-specific estrus molecules on libido and semen production of zebu bulls under tropical climate     

Mondal  Santu  Bhakat  M.  Singh  A.  Mohanty  T. K.  Abdullah  M.  Yadav  S. K.  Kumar  R. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):1823-1827

Zebu bulls are a shy breeder and they exhibit optimum libido in the presence of females with estrus phase. Continuous semen collection with the use of male dummy leads to lack of adequate sexual stimulation. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the effect of estrus-specific molecule(s) for effective sexual preparation of donor bulls. The bulls were divided into normal and poor libido group, five bulls in each group by taking 1-month control study data after collecting the information of individual bull’s sexual behaviour during semen collection by regular semen collector. The bulls were never being exposed to female animals and semen was collected by an artificial vagina. The ten animals were exposed to a glycerol-water solution (50/50 v:v) as control and then exposed to estrus-specific molecules one by one. The estrus-specific molecules like squalene, 1-iodoundecane, acetic acid, coumarin, propionic acid, oleic acid, and 2-butanone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company, USA, and the molecules were solubilised individually in a non-pressurised aerosol dispenser as 1.0% concentration in glycerol-water solution (50/50, v:v). Identical bulls were used as the control and exposed to each molecule one by one by giving a refractory period of 14 days. A nasal spray of acetic acid or 2-butanone significantly (p < 0.05) reduced reaction time (RT) and total time taken to ejaculate (TTTE) in normal libido bull group. Semen volume, sperm concentration, and the total number of sperm per ejaculation obtained did not show significant improvement in the normal libido group of bulls after the application of estrus-specific molecules as compared to the control. In poor libido group, acetic acid, oleic acid, and 2-butanone application showed significant (p < 0.01) improvement in RT and TTTE as compared to the control group, whereas semen production variables like sperm concentration and total sperm output per ejaculation increased significantly (p < 0.05) except semen volume. There was significant (p < 0.01) reduction in RT (%) and TTTE (%) after the application of acetic acid followed by 2-butanone and oleic acid. The sperm concentration and total sperm output per ejaculation were more after the application of each molecule but significant increase (p < 0.05) in sperm concentration was observed with 2-butanone (11.42%), acetic acid (11.42%), and oleic acid (10.13%), whereas total sperm output per ejaculation increased significantly (p < 0.05) only after the application of acetic acid and 2-butanone (24.75% and 26.84%). Hence, it can be concluded that acetic acid, 2-butanone, and oleic acid are effective for better sexual preparation of Sahiwal bulls and total sperm output per ejaculation.

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Seed Number and 100‐Seed Weight of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Respond Differently to Low Soil Moisture in Genotypes Contrasting for Drought Tolerance     

K. Aparna  C. T. Hash  R. S. Yadav  V. Vadez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(2):119-131

Water stress after flowering, one of the major factors limiting yields of pearl millet, affects both seed setting and grain filling and is a consequence of more/less water used prior to anthesis. However, whether genotypes have different sensitivities for seed setting and filling under drought, if exposed to similar stress intensity, is unclear. Experiments were conducted in two pairs of pearl millet genotypes, that is, PRLT2/89‐33 and H77/833‐2, 863B and 841B, contrasting for terminal drought tolerance, and two genotypes, ICMR 01046 and ICMR 01029 (IL‐QTLs), introgressed with a terminal drought tolerance QTL from PRLT2/89‐33 into H77/833‐2. Total seed weight, panicle number, 100‐seed weight, seed number and stover biomass were measured at different soil moistures and throughout grain filling. Sensitive H77/833‐2 had higher seed number and yield under well‐watered (WW) conditions than in PRLT2/89‐33 and IL‐QTLs. Upon increases in water stress intensity, H77/833‐2 suffered losses mostly in stover biomass (45 %) and seed number (60 %) at 0.3 FTSW whereas the biomass and seed number of PRLT2/89‐33 decreased little (20 % and 25 %). The 100‐seed weight of H77/833‐2 decreased only 20 % under stress. Tolerant 863B also maintained a higher seed number and biomass under water stress than 841B. Grain filling duration in PRLT2/89‐33 and IL‐QTLs was similar to that of H77/833‐2 under WW conditions but lasted longer than in H77833‐2 under water stress (WS). Similarly, seed growth of 863B was longer than 841B under WS. It is concluded that the higher seed yield of tolerant parents PRLT2/89‐33 and 863B, and of IL‐QTLs under WS was explained by the retention of a higher number of seeds than in sensitive lines, while the decrease in the 100‐seed weight was proportionally less than the decrease in seed number. Phenotype with lesser number and larger size of panicles and larger grain size, like genotypes PRLT2/89‐33 and 863B, withstood post‐anthesis water stress better. IL‐QTL inherited part of these characteristics, indicating a role for the terminal drought QTL in maintaining larger seed number and higher 100‐seed weight. The continuous stover biomass increase under WW in H77/833‐2, due to tillering, might indicate that tiller growth and grains are in competition for resources after anthesis, and this may relate to the relatively shorter grain‐filling period.  相似文献   

Macro and microanatomy of some organs of a juvenile male Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica)     

Subrata Kumar Shil  Md. Mahiuddin Zahangir  Bhajan Chandra Das  Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman  Saroj Kumar Yadav  Md. Manzoorul Kibria  AMAM Zonaed Siddiki 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):180-189

Ganges River dolphins (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica) are air-breathing, warm-blooded mammals endemic to the Ganges and Karnaphuli rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Nevertheless, very little basic histomorphological research has been conducted on this endangered species. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the morphological features of different organs of P. gangetica. Despite becoming aquatic animals, they showed similarities with terrestrial mammals, such as the pair of lungs and an apical bronchus in the respiratory system, which are pretty standard in ruminants and pigs. However, unlike the terrestrial animal, the tracheobronchial tree was stiffer due to circularly arranged anastomosing plates of the hyaline cartilaginous ring in the trachea, cartilaginous plates in the bronchiole, and thick alveolar septa. The digestive system showed a three-chambered mechanical and glandular stomach similar to the artiodactyles. However, the intestine showed smaller caecum like the monogastric mammal. The urogenital system showed lobulated kidneys, a urinary bladder, a fibroelastic penis with sigmoid flexure, and a long urethral process similar to some terrestrial ruminants. Considering the aquatic environment, all those modifications, unlike terrestrial mammals, are necessary for their adaptation. Thus, this research will broadly help our clinicians and conservationist to take further steps toward disease diagnosis and monitoring of marine health of this endangered species.  相似文献