Evaluation of the transmission risk of foot-and-mouth disease in Japan     

Yoko HAYAMA  Takehisa YAMAMOTO  Sota KOBAYASHI  Norihiko MUROGA  Toshiyuki TSUTSUI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1167-1170

The transmission risk of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Japan was evaluated using a mathematical FMD transmission model. The distance-based transmission rate between farms, which was parameterized using the FMD epidemic data in 2010 in Japan, was used to calculate the local-level reproduction numbers—expected numbers of secondary infections caused by one infected farm—for all cattle and pig farms in the country, which were then visualized as a risk map. The risk map demonstrated the spatial heterogeneity of transmission risk in the country and identified risk areas with higher possibility of disease spread. This result suggests that, particularly in high-risk areas, it is important to prepare for the smooth and efficient implementation of control measures against FMD outbreaks.  相似文献   

Feasibility of radial and circumferential strain analysis using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in cats     

Hiroshi TAKANO  Tomomi ISOGAI  Takuma AOKI  Yoshito WAKAO  Yoko FUJII 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):193-201

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of strain analysis using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in cats and to evaluate STE variables in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Sixteen clinically healthy cats and 17 cats with HCM were used. Radial and circumferential strain and strain rate variables in healthy cats were measured using STE to assess the feasibility. Comparisons of global strain and strain variables between healthy cats and cats with HCM were performed. Segmental assessments of left ventricle (LV) wall for strain and strain rate variables in cats with HCM were also performed. As a result, technically adequate images were obtained in 97.6% of the segments for STE analysis. Sedation using buprenorphine and acepromazine did not affect any global strain nor strain rate variable. In LV segments of cats with HCM, reduced segmental radial strain and strain rate variables had significantly related with segmental LV hypertrophy. It is concluded that STE analysis using short axis images of LV appeared to be clinically feasible in cats, having the possibility to be useful for detecting myocardial dysfunctions in cats with diseased heart.  相似文献   

Substrate specificity of the nateglinide/H(+) cotransport system for phenolic acids   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Saito Y  Itagaki S  Otsuka Y  Kobayashi Y  Okumura H  Kobayashi M  Hirano T  Iseki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):6100-6104

In clinical, patients usually take many kinds of drugs at the same time. Thus, drug-drug interactions involving transporters can often directly affect the therapeutic safety and efficacy of many important drugs. However, there have been few studies on food-drug interactions involving transporters. Dietary polyphenols have been widely assumed to be beneficial for human health. Polyphenols are found ubiquitously, and they are commercially prepared and used as functional foods. We have reported that ferulic acid, which is one of the most well-known polyphenols and is used as a functional food, affected the transport of nateglinide, an antidiabetic drug, by Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of other polyphenols on the nateglinide/H(+) transport system. We report here that caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid have a different inhibitory manner on the uptake of nateglinide. The results of this study are useful to identify the substrate specificity of the nateglinide/H(+) cotransporter.  相似文献   

Determination of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Obana H  Okihashi M  Akutsu K  Kitagawa Y  Hori S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2501-2505

A rapid and simple extraction method for the simultaneous analysis of five neonicotinoid insecticides has been developed. Twelve different fruit and vegetable matrixes were extracted with methanol and cleaned up using a graphitized carbon solid phase extraction cartridge loading with a 20% methanol solution. The concentrated eluate after methanol elution was then analyzed for pesticide residues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the APCI positive mode. The five pesticides including nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid were recovered at 70-95% at spike levels of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg in bell pepper, cucumber, eggplant, grape, grapefruit, Japanese radish, peach, pear, potato, rice, and tomato. Relative standard deviations were less than 10% for all of the recovery tests. The proposed method is fast, easy to perform, and could be utilized for regular monitoring of pesticide residues.  相似文献   

The impact of aluminium on the distribution of cell wall glycoproteins of pea root tip and their Al-binding capacity     

Saule Kenjebaeva  Yoko Yamamoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):629-636

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots were exposed to various concentrations of Al and cell wall glycoproteins containing salt-extractable proteins, SDS-extractable proteins, covalently bound proteins (CBPs), and extensins were separately extracted. The changes in their levels and the amount of bound Al to glycoproteins upon Al stress were investigated. The content of CBPs, but not of others, increased significantly with the increase of Al levels. Extensins and the salt-extractable proteins, but not the others, exhibited a marked Al-binding capacity in vivo. The amount of Al bound to extensions in vivo and in vitro was highest among the glycoproteins. The high Al-binding capacity of extensins might be caused by the high content of the hydroxy groups in hydroxyproline of extensins and Al-binding capacity to glycoproteins in the root tips may be involved in the Al-binding response in the apoplast.  相似文献   

Enhancement of nitrate efflux and the plasma membrane hydrogen ion‐transport activity of barley roots by nitrate treatment     

Kousei Yamashita  Minobu Kasai  Yoko Yamamoto  Hideaki Matsumoto 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):657-668

The effect of nitrate (NO₃) on the activities of hydrogen (H⁺)‐ATPase and H⁺‐transport in the plasma membrane vesicles isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kikaihadaka) roots was investigated. After treatment with 10 mM NO₃ for longer than 24 h, both activities of H⁺‐ATPase and H⁺‐transport assayed in the presence of chloride (Cl) were stimulated less than 20%. While H⁺‐transport activity was approximately two times higher in NO₃‐grown roots than in control roots when assayed in the presence of NO₃ instead of Cl. This result suggests that NO₃ is permeable in the plasma membrane vesicles isolated from NO₃‐grown roots rather than that of the control, and thereby stimulate H⁺‐transport activity through the collapse of positive potentials established by H⁺‐ATPase. Furthermore, NO₃ efflux from roots was markedly enhanced after 48 h of the exposure to NO₃. Taken together, NO₃ efflux may be mediated by the permeability to NO₃ which is induced by NO₃.  相似文献   

Motility and fertility of boar semen after liquid preservation at 5°C for more than 2 weeks     

Zhao Namula  Yoko Sato  Risa Kodama  Kouta Morinaga  Vien Viet Luu  Masayasu Taniguchi  Michiko Nakai  Fuminori Tanihara  Kazuhiro Kikuchi  Takashi Nagai  Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(8):600-606

This study investigated the effects of skim milk on the quality and fertility of boar spermatozoa under long‐term chilled preservation. Semen samples were stored in Modena solution supplemented with 0 (control) to 50 mg/mL skim milk at 5°C for 4 weeks; spermatozoa stored with 7.5 and 15 mg/mL of skim milk (7.5‐SM and 15‐SM groups, respectively) exhibited significantly higher motility indices than those of the control group up to 3 weeks (P < 0.05), and the 7.5‐SM group showed improved motility indices even after 4 weeks (P < 0.05). In vitro fertilization using spermatozoa in the 7.5‐SM and 15‐SM groups stored at 5°C for 2 weeks showed significantly higher fertilization rates of spermatozoa and the development rates to blastocyst than the control group (P < 0.05), and the 7.5‐SM group showed similar rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation in the fresh non‐stored spermatozoa group. After artificial insemination using spermatozoa stored for 2 weeks in the 7.5‐SM group, healthy piglets were obtained. Boar spermatozoa can be stored at 5°C in a Modena solution containing skim milk. Supplementation of 7.5 mg/mL skim milk improves boar spermatozoa motility and fertility even after liquid preservation at 5°C for 2 weeks.  相似文献   

Metatranscriptomic insights into microbial consortia driving methane metabolism in paddy soils     

Yoko Masuda  Hideomi Itoh  Yutaka Shiratori  Keishi Senoo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(4):455-464

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Maturation-associated changes in internal distribution and intra-ovarian microdistribution of tetrodotoxin in the pufferfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu pardalis</Emphasis>     

Wei Gao  Yoko Kanahara  Ryohei Tatsuno  Kiyoshi Soyano  Gregory N. Nishihara  Chisato Urata  Tomohiro Takatani  Osamu Arakawa 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(4):723-732

To clarify the maturation-associated accumulation profile of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the female pufferfish Takifugu pardalis, specimens collected from Omura Bay, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, from November through December, 2014, were separated based on the histology of ovarian sections into four groups: yolk vesicle stage (Yv), yolk globule stage (Yg)-1, Yg-2, and Yg-3. TTX quantification in each tissue in each group by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed that the TTX concentration [mouse unit (MU)/g] in the ovary increased from Yv to Yg-1, and the TTX amount (MU/individual) in the ovary increased from Yg-1 through Yg-3. In Yv, TTX in the skin accounted for 86% of the total TTX in the body, whereas from Yg-1 through Yg-3, ovarian TTX accounted for 53–76% of the total. In female specimens collected from the same bay from February to May 2015, the TTX amount in the ovary markedly decreased after spawning, and the TTX amount in the liver increased. Immunohistochemical observation of the ovarian sections indicated that TTX localized mainly in the nucleus of immature oocytes, but then distributes to the yolk vesicles and yolk globules as maturation advances, and is partly transferred to the egg membrane as spawning approaches.  相似文献   

Current Approach to Rodents as Patients     

Yoko Tamura 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2010,19(1):36-55

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